Four new erythroneurine leafhopper species from karst areas in Southwestern China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini).

Four new erythroneurine leafhopper species, Empoascanaraaparaoides Wang & Song, sp. nov., Motagamengyangensis Wang & Song, sp. nov., Motagaacicularis Wang & Song, sp. nov., and Tautoneuraqingxiuensis Wang & Song, sp. nov. from karst areas in Southwestern China, are described and illustrated.

Revision of the leafhopper genus Smyga (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae).

The leafhopper genus Smyga Dworakowska (Typhlocybinae, Empoascini) is reviewed and a new species, S.brevipenis Webb & Xu, sp. nov. from Brunei and Malaysia, is described based on specimens previously identified as "aberrant specimens" of Smygadistincta Dworakowska. Images of the types of S.brevipenis and S.distincta are given for the first time. A checklist and key to known species of Smyga are also provided.

Laboratory evaluation of a bio-insecticide candidate from tangerine peel extracts against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae).

Background: The excessive use of synthetic insecticides in modern agriculture has led to environmental contamination and the development of insect resistance. Also, the prolonged use of chemical insecticides in producing flowers and tomatoes in greenhouses has caused health problems for workers and their offspring. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of mandarin peel (Citrus reticulata L.) essential oil (EO) as a natural insecticide against greenhouse whitefly (Trieurodes vaporariorum W., Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), a common pest in greenhouse production of different crops. Methods: Petroleum ether (PET) and n-hexane (HEX) were used as solvents to extract essential oil (EO) from tangerine peels. Results: The yield of EO was 1.59% and 2.00% (m/m) for PET and HEX, respectively. Additionally, the insect-killing power of EO was tested by checking how many greenhouse whiteflies died at different times. The results showed that PET and HEX extracts of tangerine EO effectively controlled greenhouse whiteflies. Furthermore, with both solvents, a 12.5% (v/v) application was as practical as the commercial insecticide imidacloprid. Further characterization tests with the polarimeter, FTIR, HPLC-RP, and GC-MS showed that the essential oil (EO) contained about 41% (v/v) of d-limonene and that this compound may be responsible for the observed insecticidal properties. Conclusion: Therefore, tangerine peel essential oil is an excellent botanical insecticide candidate for controlling greenhouse whiteflies.

Six new species of the leafhopper subgenus Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Eurymelinae, Macropsini) from China.

The nominate subgenus Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) Matsumura, 1912 is widely distributed in the Oriental region but has high species diversity only in southern China. The present paper describes and illustrates six new species of Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) namely, P. (P.) ailaoshanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov., P. (P.) quadrispinosus Li & Dai, sp. nov., P. (P.) flavus Li & Dai, sp. nov., and P. (P.) pianmaensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. all collected in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, P. (P.) maoershanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov., found in Guangxi Autonomous Region, southern China, and P. (P.) huangi Li & Dai sp. nov., from Taiwan, previously incorrectly recorded as a new name by Li & Dai, 2018 in Dai et al. 2018: 203 for P. (P.) femorata Huang & Viraktamath, 1993 (nec Pediopsisfemorata Hamilton, 1980). Two new junior synonyms of Sispocnis Anufriev, 1967 are proposed, i.e., Digitalis Liu & Zhang, 2002, syn. nov. and Neosispocnis Dmitriev, 2020, syn. nov.

Description of two new species of the leafhopper genus Pediopsis Burmeister (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Eurymelinae, Macropsini) from China.

Two new leafhopper species of Pediopsis Burmeister, Pediopsisalbopicta Li & Dai, sp. nov. from Hunan and Guizhou provinces of central China and Pediopsispianmaensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. from Yunnan Province of southwestern China, are described and illustrated. Ambiguity in the original description of P.bannaensis Yang & Zhang is discussed, and figures of the female holotype of P.femorata Hamilton are provided for the first time. A checklist and key to Chinese species of Pediopsis are also given.

A key to genera of Dikraneurini from China, with description of a new species of Cornicola Ohara & Hayashi (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae).

The leafhopper genus Cornicola Ohara & Hayashi, previously recorded from Japan, is recorded from China for the first time and a new species, C.maculatus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov., is described and illustrated, including its color polymorphism. This genus has male genitalia and hind wing venation similar to those found in Empoascini but it is more appropriately placed in Dikraneurini. A key to species of Cornicola is given together with a key to the genera of Dikraneurini from China.

Parathlasia gen. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Ledrinae, Ledrini), a new leafhopper genus from Guizhou, China.

Parathlasia gen. nov., a new leafhopper genus and species of Ledrini, P.guizhouensis sp. nov., from Guizhou, China are described. Morphological differences between the new genus to other related Chinese genera are discussed. A key to distinguish Parathlasia from other similar genera is given.

Three new species of the leafhopper genus Mitjaevia Dworakowska from Karst areas in Southwest China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae).

Three new species of the leafhopper genus MitjaeviaDworakowska 1970, M.bijiensis sp. nov., M.solitaria sp. nov., and M.salaxia sp. nov., are described from the Karst region of Southwest China. Specimens studied were taken by sweep net. Morphological descriptions, depictions of habitus and illustrations of male terminalia are provided. A key and checklist to known species occurring in China are given.

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Mitjaevia Dworakowska from China (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae).

BACKGROUND: The leafhopper genus Mitjaevia Dworakowska,1970 includes 19 species worldwide, nine species are known in China and is widely distributed in Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. NEW INFORMATION: Two new species from Guizhou Province, China are described within the genus Mitjaevia Dworakowska, 1970 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). A key to the species of the genus is provided and the female valvulae are described and figured.

A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) challenges the traditional view of the evolution of wing venation.

Genera of the diverse leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae have traditionally been classified into tribes primarily based on characters of the wing venation and an intuitive phylogeny of this group was previously proposed based on the hypothetical pattern of wing vein evolution. Some recent authors suggested that wing vein characters are not always reliable but few attempts have been made to examine the status and relationships of typhlocybine tribes using rigorous phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of a dataset comprising DNA sequences from five gene regions (H3, H2A, 28S rDNA D2, 16S rDNA, and COI with a total length of 2413 bps) and 61 species representing six previously recognized tribes of Typhlocybinae provides strong support for the monophyly of the subfamily and five of the previously recognized tribes. Most branches received moderate to strong maximum likelihood bootstrap support. The following intertribal relationships were recovered: (Alebrini + Empoascini) + ((Dikraneurini + Erythroneurini) + Typhlocybini). Maximum likelihood analysis recovered Zyginellini (treated as a separate tribe by some authors) as sister to Typhlocybini with low branch support, but the former tribe was derived from within the latter in Bayesian analysis of the same dataset and relationships within Typhlocybini (sensu lato) were generally poorly resolved in both analyses. The relationship of Typhlocybini to other tribes is also unstable, suggesting that more data are needed to resolve the position of this tribe with confidence. Parts of the phylogeny receiving strong support in both analyses contradict the traditional view that Alebrini, the only tribe retaining an appendix in the forewing, is the earliest diverging lineage and possibly gave rise to the other tribes. Ancestral state reconstructions indicate that characters of the wing venation traditionally used for diagnosing typhlocybine tribes are generally conservative but exhibit some homoplasy and may not, by themselves, be reliable for recognizing monophyletic groups within this subfamily.

The Cotton Mealybug Is Spreading along the Mediterranean: First Pest Detection in Italian Tomatoes.

The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an extremely polyphagous invasive pest that can cause serious damages to cultivated plants. The pest is native to America but invaded Asian and Mediterranean countries during the last decades. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Solanaceae) is an economic relevant crop worldwide and its production can be threatened by numerous insect pests including P. solenopsis. We recorded for the first time P. solenopsis in association with tomato in greenhouse crops and urban landscapes in Sicily (Italy) during the fall season in 2020. The species was identified as P. solenopsis based on the morphological characters and DNA amplification of an ≈800 bp portion of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. The phylogenetic analysis among the obtained P. solenopsis mtCOI sequences with those already available in GenBank suggests Asian countries as a potential source of new introduction. This is the first record of P. solenopsis attacking tomato plants in Italy and may represent a potential threat for tomato production in Europe and nearby countries. For this reason, actions should be taken to avoid the uncontrolled spread of this alien species.

A new, unusually dark, typhlocybine leafhopper (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) from China.

An unusually dark typhlocybine leafhopper (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) from Guizhou Province, China, is described as a new genus and species, Shibinga gen. nov., and S. nigra sp. nov. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new species are provided.

Two new species of the genus Anufrievia Dworakowska from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae).

BACKGROUND: The leafhopper genus Anufrievia Dworakowska, 1970 includes 33 species and is widely distributed in China, Korea, South Korea, Japan, Nepal, India, Thailand and Vietnam. NEW INFORMATION: Two new species found at Bijie City and Shibing County, Guizhou Province, China are described and illustrated, A. crispata sp. nov. and A. confluensa sp. nov. A key to distinguish the Chinese species of the genus is given.

Description of a new species of the genus emMaua/em Distant (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) from China.

A new species, Maua squeala sp. nov., is described from China. This species is similar to M. affinis Distant, 1905 and M. palawanensis Duffels, 2009, but can be distinguished by the shorter and more slender body of the new species, the lateral fasciae on the mesonotum and the shape of the male genitalia. The intraspecific variation of this species is discussed based on morphological observation combined with sequences of partial mitochondrial COI gene (DNA barcoding) of individuals exhibiting different morphological characters.

Review of the leafhopper genus Protensus/ Zhang amp; Dai (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) with description of a new species.

Species of the leafhopper genus Protensus Zhang Dai, 2001 (Deltocephalinae: Athysanini) from Japan and China are reviewed, and a new species Protensus lii sp. nov. is described and illustrated from China. Protensus nigrifrons Li Xing, 2011 is treated as incertae sedis in the tribe Mukariini (Deltocephalinae). A checklist and key to species of Protensus is provided.

A new genus and species of Mileewini leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Mileewinae) from China, with a key to genera.

A new leafhopper genus and species, Anzihelus bistriatus Yan & Yang, gen. nov. sp. nov. (Cicadellidae, Mileewinae, Mileewini) is described from Sichuan Province, China. Habitus images and figures of the male and female genitalia are provided together with a key to the genera of Mileewini from China.

A new bamboo-feeding species of the leafhopper genus Neurotettix Matsumura (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) from China.

A new bamboo-feeding species of the leafhopper genus Neurotettix Matsumura (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), Neurotettix spinas sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Guizhou Province, China. A checklist and a key to known species of the genus are also given, and a map showing the geographic distributions of all species of Neurotettix is also provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).

Nomenclatural changes in the suborders Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) and Paleorrhyncha (Palaeohemiptera).

Nomenclatural changes are proposed for numerous taxon names in the Insect orders Hemiptera and Palaeohemiptera. New replacement names are proposed for six genera, three subgenera, 55 species and six subspecies, additionally a homonymous name for a genus and eight homonymous names for species are substituted with the names of junior synonyms; 13 new synonyms are recognized; type species are fixed for four genera; 26 new combinations for species names are established.

Uniformus, a new genus of Dikraneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with description of two new species.

A new typhlocybine leafhopper genus, Uniformus gen. nov. is described and illustrated based on males of two species Uniformus rostellatus sp. nov., Uniformus inclusus sp. nov. from CHINA: Yunnan Province. The genus is placed in the tribe Dikraneurini. It is unique among known Dikraneurini in having a large preatrium, long paramere, and aedeagus shaft with microtrichia. A key to species of Uniformus is provided.

Newly reported genus Batracomorphus Lewis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from Pakistan with description of a new species.

The leafhopper genus Batracomorphus Lewis, 1834 is reported for the first time from Pakistan. A new species Batracomorphus pakistanicus sp. nov. is described with photographic illustrations.