Recycling Fe and improving organic pollutant removal via in situ forming magnetic core-shell Fe3O4@CaFe-LDH in Fe(II)-catalyzed oxidative wastewater treatment.

Due to its high efficiency, Fe(II)-based catalytic oxidation has been one of the most popular types of technology for treating growing organic pollutants. A lot of chemical Fe sludge along with various refractory pollutants was concomitantly produced, which may cause secondary environmental problems without proper disposal. We here innovatively proposed an effective method of achieving zero Fe sludge, reusing Fe resources (Fe recovery = 100%) and advancing organics removal (final TOC removal > 70%) simultaneously, based on the in situ formation of magnetic Ca-Fe layered double hydroxide (Fe3O4@CaFe-LDH) nano-material. Cations (Ca2+ and Fe3+) concentration (≥ 30 mmol/L) and their molar ratio (Ca:Fe ≥ 1.75) were crucial to the success of the method. Extrinsic nano Fe3O4 was designed to be involved in the Fe(II)-catalytic wastewater treatment process, and was modified by oxidation intermediates/products (especially those with COO- structure), which promoted the co-precipitation of Ca2+ (originated from Ca(OH)2 added after oxidation process) and by-produced Fe3+ cations on its surface to in situ generate core-shell Fe3O4@CaFe-LDH. The oxidation products were further removed during Fe3O4@CaFe-LDH material formation via intercalation and adsorption. This method was applicable to many kinds of organic wastewater, such as bisphenol A, methyl orange, humics, and biogas slurry. The prepared magnetic and hierarchical CaFe-LDH nanocomposite material showed comparable application performance to the recently reported CaFe-LDHs. This work provides a new strategy for efficiently enhancing the efficiency and economy of Fe(II)-catalyzed oxidative wastewater treatment by producing high value-added LDHs materials.

Synthesis of δ-MnO2 via ozonation routine for low temperature formaldehyde removal.

Nowadays, it is still a challenge to prepared high efficiency and low cost formaldehyde (HCHO) removal catalysts in order to tackle the long-living indoor air pollution. Herein, δ-MnO2 is successfully synthesized by a facile ozonation strategy, where Mn2+ is oxidized by ozone (O3) bubble in an alkaline solution. It presents one of the best catalytic properties with a low 100% conversion temperature of 85°C for 50 ppm of HCHO under a GHSV of 48,000 mL/(g·hr). As a comparison, more than 6 times far longer oxidation time is needed if O3 is replaced by O2. Characterizations show that ozonation process generates a different intermediate of tetragonal ß-HMnO2, which would favor the quick transformation into the final product δ-MnO2, as compared with the relatively more thermodynamically stable monoclinic γ-HMnO2 in the O2 process. Finally, HCHO is found to be decomposed into CO2 via formate, dioxymethylene and carbonate species as identified by room temperature in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy. All these results show great potency of this facile ozonation routine for the highly active δ-MnO2 synthesis in order to remove the HCHO contamination.

Controlling charge migration and CO2 conversion through surface decoration of 2D-hydrotalcite on bismuth oxybromide for enhanced artificial photosynthesis.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in pure H2O media to produce chemicals presents an appealing avenue for simultaneously alleviating energy and environmental crises. However, the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers presents a significant challenge in this promising field. Heterojunction engineering has emerged as an effective approach to address this dilemma. Here, by decorating 2D NiAl-layered double hydroxides (NAL) onto bismuth oxybromide (BOB), we have created a S-scheme heterojunction (N1B1 composite). This catalyst affords CO2-to-CO yields of 102.30 µmol g-1 with a selectivity of 100 %. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and in-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI-XPS) reveal that charge transfer occurs efficiently from BOB to 2D-NAL upon light irradiation. The designed N1B1 heterojunction achieves 7.3-fold and 2.1-fold increase in the internal electric field strength compared to bare 2D-NAL and BOB, respectively, which should be accountable for the improved charge migration. Additionally, pulsed chemisorption and in-situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) show the presence of multiple carbonate intermediates with activated OCO bonds upon N1B1 composite, with *CO2- being identified as the most crucial species for CO production.

Simultaneous utilization of copper and non-metals from waste integrated circuits for precious metal melting capture and organics thermal detoxification.

Waste integrated circuits, with underlying resource attributes and environmental risks, are complex in composition. Current processes suffer from high resource inputs, excessive pollutant emissions and incomplete treatment of varied species. Therefore, a comprehensive resource recycling and safe disposal process integrated with precious metal enrichment, non-metal resource utilization, and organic detoxification was proposed. The copper and non-metals from waste ICs served as in-situ precious metal collector, slagging former and reducing agent for alternative to partial chemical inputs. Batch experiments indicated that optimized parameters enabled the recycling efficiencies of 94.3 %, 96.8 % and 98.4 % for copper, gold and silver, respectively. Meanwhile, oxide component, yielded as silicate slag, was synthesized into glass ceramics via high-temperature sintering. Furthermore, organic conversion process revealed that high-temperature smelting catalyzed bromine removal and contaminant detoxification, with decomposed reductive hydrocarbons facilitating metal capture in turn. And the capture mechanism was disclosed form thermodynamics and microdroplet motion perspectives. As process evaluation indicates, proposed recycling route allows remarkable reductions in negative environmental response and economic investment. In this work, metal recycling, waste minimization and pollutant detoxification were attained synergistically without residue, which contributes a novel insight into the disposal of comparable e-wastes.

On the Topotactic Phase Transition Achieving Superconducting Infinite-Layer Nickelates.

Topotactic reduction is critical to a wealth of phase transitions of current interest, including synthesis of the superconducting nickelate Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2, reduced from the initial Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure. Due to the highly sensitive and often damaging nature of the topotactic reduction, however, only a handful of research groups have been able to reproduce the superconductivity results. A series of in situ synchrotron-based investigations reveal that this is due to the necessary formation of an initial, ultrathin layer at the Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 surface that helps to mediate the introduction of hydrogen into the film such that apical oxygens are first removed from the Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO3 / SrTiO3 (001) interface and delivered into the reducing environment. This allows the square-planar / perovskite interface to stabilize and propagate from the bottom to the top of the film without the formation of interphase defects. Importantly, neither geometric rotations in the square planar structure nor significant incorporation of hydrogen within the films is detected, obviating its need for superconductivity. These findings unveil the structural basis underlying the transformation pathway and provide important guidance on achieving the superconducting phase in reduced nickelate systems.

Polyelectrolyte Additive-Modulated Interfacial Microenvironment Boosting CO2 Electrolysis in Acid.

Acidic CO2 electrolysis offers a promising strategy to achieve high carbon utilization and high energy efficiency. However, challenges remain in suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and improving product selectivity. High concentrations of potassium ions (K+) can suppress HER and accelerate CO2 reduction, but they still inevitably suffer from salt precipitation problems. In this study, we demonstrate that the sulfonate-based polyelectrolyte, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), enables to reconstruct the electrode-electrolyte interface to significantly enhance the acidic CO2 electrolysis. Mechanistic studies reveal that PSS induces high local K+ concentrations through electrostatic interaction between PSS anions and K+. In situ spectroscopy reveals that PSS reshapes the interfacial hydrogen-bond (H-bond) network, which is attributed to the H-bonds between PSS anions and hydrated proton as well as the steric hindrance of the additive molecules. This greatly weakens proton transfer kinetics and leads to the suppression of undesirable HER. As a result, a Faradaic efficiency of 93.9% for CO can be achieved at 250 mA cm-2, simultaneous with a high single-pass carbon efficiency of 72.2% on commercial Ag catalysts in acid. This study highlights the important role of the electrode-electrolyte interface induced by polyelectrolyte additives in promoting electrocatalytic reactions.

Reaction-Driven Migration Dynamics of Nano-Metal Particles Unraveled by Quantitative Electron Microscopies.

The stability of supported nano-metal catalysts holds significant importance in both scientific and economic practice, beyond the long pursuit of enhanced activity. While previous efforts have concentrated on augmenting the interaction between nano-metals and carriers, in the thermodynamic macro-perspective, to achieve optimized repression upon particle migration coalescence and Ostwald ripening, nevertheless, the microscale kinetics of migrating catalyst particles driven by the reaction remains unknown. In this work, the migration of nano-copper particles is investigated during hydrogen oxidation reaction by utilizing high spatiotemporal resolution of environmental transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that there exists a delicate correlation between the migration dynamics of nano-copper particles and the evolution of asymmetrically distributed Cu and Cu2O phases over the particle surface. It is found that the interplay of reduction and oxidation near the surface areas filled with Cu and Cu2O phases can facilitate the pressure gradient, which drives the migration of nano-particles. A driving force model is therefore established which is capable of qualitatively explaining the influences of reaction conditions such as temperature and hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio on the reaction-driven particle migration. This work adds a potential yet critical perspective to understanding particle migration and thus the nano-metal catalyst particle sintering in heterogeneous catalysis.

The Effect of Organic Semiconductor Electron Affinity on Preventing Parasitic Oxidation Reactions Limiting Performance of n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

A key challenge in the development of organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials (OMIEC) for high performance electrochemical transistors is their stable performance in ambient. When operating in aqueous electrolyte, potential reactions of the electrochemically injected electrons with air and water could hinder their persistence, leading to a reduction in charge transport. Here, the impact of deepening the LUMO energy level of a series of electron-transporting semiconducting polymers is evaluated, and subsequently rendering the most common oxidation processes of electron polarons thermodynamically unfavorable, on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) performance. Employing time resolved spectroelectrochemistry with three analogous polymers having varying electron affinities (EA), it is found that an EA below the thermodynamic threshold for oxidation of its electron polarons by oxygen significantly improves electron transport and lifetime in air. A polymer with a sufficiently large EA and subsequent thermodynamically unfavorable oxidation of electron polarons is reported, which is used as the semiconducting layer in an OECT, in its neutral and N-DMBI doped form, resulting in an excellent and air-stable OECT performance. These results show a general design methodology to avoid detrimental parasitic reactions under ambient conditions, and the benefits that arise in electrical performance.

Analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ by self-reported race reveals molecular differences related to outcome.

BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Studies have indicated differences in DCIS outcome based on race or ethnicity, but molecular differences have not been investigated. METHODS: We examined the molecular profile of DCIS by self-reported race (SRR) and outcome groups in Black (n = 99) and White (n = 191) women in a large DCIS case-control cohort study with longitudinal follow up. RESULTS: Gene expression and pathway analyses suggested that different genes and pathways are involved in diagnosis and ipsilateral breast outcome (DCIS or IBC) after DCIS treatment in White versus Black women. We identified differences in ER and HER2 expression, tumor microenvironment composition, and copy number variations by SRR and outcome groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that different molecular mechanisms drive initiation and subsequent ipsilateral breast events in Black versus White women.

Three-Dimensional Heart Modeling of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy for In Situ Patient-Specific Simulation to Optimize Septal Myectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) develops in at least 1 out of 715 young adults. Patients who are refractory to medical therapy qualify for septal myectomy. Due to anatomy, serious complications such as ventricular septal defect and heart block may occur. Establishing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-based 3-dimensional (3D) models as part of preoperative planning and training has the potential to decrease procedure-related complications and improve results. METHODS: CMR images were used to segment cardiac structures. Left ventricular wall thickness was calculated and projected on top of the in silico model. A 3D model was printed with a red layer indicating a wall thickness exceeding 15 mm and used for preoperative resection planning and patient counseling. To provide preoperative patient-specific in situ simulation, the planned resection volume was replaced with silicone in a second model. For perioperative quality control, resected silicone was compared with resected myocardial tissue. The impact of the models was evaluated descriptively through consultation of both the cardiothoracic surgeon and patients and through patient outcomes. RESULTS: Three-dimensional in silico and 3D-printed heart models of 5 patients were established preoperatively. Since the introduction of the models in October 2020, the surgeon feels better prepared, more confident, and less difficulty with making decisions. In addition, patients feel better informed preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Using 3D heart models optimized preoperative planning and training, intraoperative quality control, and patient consultation. Reduction of procedure-related complications and clinical outcome should be studied in larger cohorts.

Muir-Torre Syndrome: A Case Report and a Literature Review of Genetic Insights and Cancer Surveillance.

Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that manifests through the co-occurrence of sebaceous skin tumors and internal malignancies, primarily due to mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes such as MSH2, MLH1, and MSH6. This paper presents a detailed case report of a 57-year-old female diagnosed with MTS, highlighting her extensive medical history and the critical role of genetic testing and multidisciplinary management. The patient's dermatological and oncological assessments revealed multiple sebaceous carcinomas and recurrent urothelial carcinoma, confirmed by a pathogenic MSH2 mutation. Through comprehensive preventive surgeries and rigorous follow-up, this case underscores the necessity of proactive cancer surveillance. The discussion integrates findings from key genetic studies and emphasizes the importance of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis. Recommendations for clinical practice include routine genetic testing, stringent surveillance, and multidisciplinary management, underscoring the need for ongoing research to understand better and manage this complex syndrome.

Removal of cadmium and zinc by calcium polysulfide in acidic groundwater: Injection ratio and precipitation mechanism.

In this study, we conducted lab-scale experiments to assess the applicability of calcium polysulfide (CPS) for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) and zinc (Zn2+) from acidic groundwater, with an emphasis on the injection ratio and removal mechanism. For the experiments, CPS was used to treat Cd2⁺ and Zn2⁺ contaminated solution. Solutions were purged with nitrogen gas, and CPS was injected in an anaerobic chamber. After 18 hours, solutions were filtered, and heavy metal concentrations were measured using ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Total polysulfide (Sx2⁻) concentration in CPS was determined by converting it to bisulfide (HS⁻) at pH 8.20 and quantifying via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Precipitates were analyzed using XRD and SEM-EDS after centrifugation. The findings revealed that more than 99.5% of the heavy metals were removed when CPS/Cd2+ (w/w) = 1.45 and CPS/Zn2+ (w/w) = 2.50, determined as the injection ratios for maximum efficiency. These ratios were applicable when Cd2+ and Zn2+ coexisted. From the XRD and SEM-EDS analyses, it was clarified that Cd2+ and Zn2+ precipitated in sulfide forms, consistently showing the preferential precipitation of Cd2+ because of the lower solubility of cadmium sulfide compared to zinc sulfide. In addition, the concentration of Sx2- in the 29% CPS solution was determined to be approximately 2.442 M. Finally, by comparing the injected Sx2- concentration with the concentration of heavy metals removed accordingly, it was concluded that CPS and heavy metals react with a 1:1 molar ratio. Based on the above results and precise quantification method, our study suggests that CPS can be effectively utilized to address heavy metal contamination issues and may serve as a valuable tool for the remediation and management of contaminated groundwater globally.

Update on the management of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: current approach and future perspectives.

The standard treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ became well established through the results of several valuable clinical trials, and its therapeutic benefits have now come to be taken for granted. Ductal carcinoma in situ has an extremely good prognosis with the current treatment approach, with a 10-year breast cancer-specific survival rate of 97-98%. According to one retrospective cohort study, the breast cancer-specific survival rate of patients with low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ does not differ significantly between patients undergoing and not undergoing surgery. Some patients with ductal carcinoma in situ are not at a risk of progression to invasive cancer, but the predictors of such progression have not yet been clearly identified. Therefore, the same therapeutic strategies have been used to treat ductal carcinoma in situ and under the assumption that they have risks of invasive breast cancer, and a well-balanced risk/benefit ratio in respect of treatment has not yet been achieved. Based on the results of several recent clinical trials aimed at ensuring provision of a well-balanced treatment for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ which carries a good prognosis, de-escalation of postoperative adjuvant therapy has now begun. Currently, not only is the optimization of postoperative adjuvant therapy accelerating, but also clinical trials to de-escalate basic surgical treatments are under way. There is a possibility of achieving individualized treatment for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with reduced treatment intervention. In this review, we present an overview of the current treatment approaches and potential future management strategies for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

Development and Characterization of a Novel Composite Hydrogel Biomaterial for Improved Mucoperiosteal Wound Repair.

Mucoperiosteal wound healing, as it occurs after pediatric cleft palate surgery, can be challenging due to the limitations of current treatments such as tissue flaps secured with sutures and fibrin glue. In this study, we characterized the in vitro performance of a novel composite hydrogel biomaterial designed to be employed as an in situ wound filler and enhance mucoperiosteal wound healing. We evaluated a range of photopolymerizable formulations containing methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), glycol chitosan, and bioglass microparticles. Our aim was to identify one or more formulations with an appropriate balance of properties against a set of functional requirements that we established for this application. To test the formulations against these criteria, we measured photopolymerization kinetics, mechanical properties, degradation rate, in vitro biocompatibility, and ex vivo tissue adhesion. All formulations polymerized in less than 90 s using violet light. In addition, we found that GelMA-based hydrogels were more adhesive to mucoperiosteal tissue than clinical standard fibrin glue. Inclusion of small amounts of bioglass in the formulation increased mechanical compatibility with mucoperiosteal tissue, enhanced cytoconductivity, and promoted cell proliferation. Taken together, our results support the suitability of these photopolymerized composite hydrogels as in situ mucoperiosteal wound fillers. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for investigating the in vivo, pre-clinical effectiveness of these composite hydrogels in improving mucoperiosteal wound healing outcomes.

Lack of detection of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded tissues from porcine abortions in Switzerland.

INTRODUCTION: The novel Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has been associated in the past years to different porcine diseases, including reproductive failure. The potential occurrence of PCV-3 in abortions from Swiss pig herds has not been investigated so far. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study on pig aborted cases submitted to our laboratory in the University of Bern during the last 10 years with the main aim of investigating the possible presence of PCV-3 in foetal and/or placental tissue. Twelve out of the 53 studied cases showed mild histopathological changes as previously described in PCV-3 positive cases. However, in none of the cases, PCV-3 genetic material could be detected in the examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. In only one third of the cases, a cause for the abortion was found, which is similar to other studies. Our survey suggests that PCV-3 was not involved in the porcine abortion cases submitted over the last decade at our institution in Switzerland.

INTRODUCTION: Le nouveau Circovirus porcin 3 (PCV-3) a été associé ces dernières années à différentes maladies porcines, y compris des troubles de la reproduction. La présence potentielle du PCV-3 dans les avortements de porcs en Suisse n'a pas été étudiée jusqu'à présent. Nous avons donc mené une étude rétrospective sur les cas d'avortements de porcs soumis à notre laboratoire de l'Université de Berne au cours des 10 dernières années, dans le but principal d'étudier la présence éventuelle du PCV-3 dans les tissus fœtaux et/ou placentaires. Douze des 53 cas étudiés présentaient des changements histopathologiques légers, tels que décrits précédemment dans les cas positifs au PCV-3. Cependant, dans aucun des cas, le matériel génétique du PCV-3 n'a pu être détecté dans les tissus examinés fixés au formol et inclus en paraffine. Dans un tiers des cas seulement, une cause d'avortement a été trouvée, ce qui est similaire à d'autres études. Notre étude suggère que le PCV-3 n'a pas été impliqué dans les cas d'avortements porcins soumis au cours de la dernière décennie dans notre institution en Suisse.

Large-Scale Synthesis of N,S Codoped Carbon-Modified Fe0.975S Composites as a Novel Anode for Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Performance.

To overcome obstacles hindering the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), we introduce a cost-effective single-step sulfurization strategy for synthesizing iron sulfide (Fe0.975S) nanohybrids, augmented by N,S codoped carbon. The resulting N,S codoped carbon-coated Fe0.975S (Fe0.975S@NSC) electrode exhibits exceptional potential as a highly reversible anode material for both LIBs and SIBs. With impressive initial discharge and charge capacities (1658.2 and 1254.9 mAh g-1 for LIBs and 1450.9 and 1077.1 mAh g-1 for SIBs), the electrode maintains substantial capacity retention (900 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles for LIBs and 492.5 mA h g-1 after 600 cycles for SIBs at 1.0 A g-1). The LiMn2O4//Fe0.975S@NSC and Na3V2(PO4)3//Fe0.975S@NSC full batteries can maintain excellent reversible capacity and robust cycling stability. Ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and kinetics analysis confirm the promising energy storage potential of the Fe0.975S@NSC composite.

Quantification of Gremlin 1 throughout the tumor stroma using whole slide imaging and its clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer.

Gremlin 1 (GREM1) is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). GREM1 is expressed in the stromal cells of various carcinomas and promotes tumor progression by suppressing BMP signaling. We designed this study to establish an evaluation strategy for GREM1 expression, focusing on the tumor stroma, and to examine its clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer (GC) progression. We employed RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) to evaluate the prognostic value of GREM1 expression in a cohort of 104 surgically resected GC cases and assessed ISH scores according to previous reports. GREM1 expression was observed in tumor stromal cells, including fibroblasts. We defined GREM1-positive cells as those expressing ISH score ≥ 3 and quantified the number of GREM1-positive cells using image analysis software. We examined the relationship between the number of GREM1-positive cells in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological features. The number of GREM1-positive cells per tumor stroma ranged from 0 to 714.7 cells/mm2 (median, 1.65 cells/mm2). We divided the 104 GC cases into GREM1-High and GREM1-Low expression groups based on the abovementioned median value. GREM1-High expression group was significantly associated with a more advanced pT grade, pN grade, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly poorer survival in the GREM1-High expression group than in the GREM1-Low expression group. These results indicated that GREM1 expression in GC is localized in tumor stromal cells, and that high GREM1 expression in the tumor stroma could be a poor prognostic factor.

Glatiramer acetate in situ forming gel, a new approach for multiple sclerosis treatment.

BACKGROUND: Glatiramer acetate (GA), a commonly used treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), requires long-term frequent injections to ensure its effectiveness. This often leads to adverse effects, patient noncompliance, and economic inefficiency. OBJECTIVES: In this study, poloxamer, as a thermosensitive polymer modified by chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), was employed to prepare an in situ forming prolonged release formulation of GA to overcome the problems derived from frequent repeated injections and to enhance the patient compliance. METHODS: The sol-gel formulation was produced through a cold method and optimized using design of experiments. The final product was characterized in terms of gelation time (GT), rheological behaviors, morphological properties, assay, and drug release kinetics. RESULTS: The in vitro release rate of GA during the first 24 h was quite rapid, but then it continued at a slower rate of 0.05 mg ml-1h-1. The in vivo analysis after the subcutaneous injections showed lower levels of IL-5, IL-13, and uric acid (UA) in mice treated with the gel formulation compared with those receiving free GA in the first few days. However, after 10 days, significantly higher concentrations were detected, which continued to increase slowly. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the designed thermosensitive sol-gel formula is capable of extending the effectiveness of GA and can be considered as a promising sustained release formulation for the treatment of MS.

Highly Selective Recovery of Gold by In Situ Magnetic Field-Assisted Fe/Co-MOF@PDA/NdFeB Double Network Gel.

There are enormous economic benefits to conveniently increasing the selective recovery capacity of gold. Fe/Co-MOF@PDA/NdFeB double-network organogel (Fe/Co-MOF@PDA NH) is synthesized by aggregation assembly strategy. The package of PDA provides a large number of nitrogen-containing functional groups that can serve as adsorption sites for gold ions, resulting in a 21.8% increase in the ability of the material to recover gold. Fe/Co-MOF@PDA NH possesses high gold recovery capacity (1478.87 mg g-1) and excellent gold selectivity (Kd = 5.71 mL g-1). With the assistance of an in situ magnetic field, the gold recovery capacity of Fe/Co-MOF@PDA NH is increased from 1217.93 to 1478.87 mg g-1, and the recovery rate increased by 24.7%. The above excellent performance is attributed to the efficient reduction of gold by FDC/FC+, Co2+/Co3+ double reducing couple, and the optimization of the reduction reaction by the magnetic field. After the samples are calcined, high-purity gold (95.6%, 22K gold) is recovered by magnetic separation. This study proposes a forward-looking in situ energy field-assisted strategy to enhance precious metal recovery, which has a guiding role in the development of low-carbon industries.

Glucose Oxidase-Coated Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles as an Innovative Catalyst for In Situ H2O2-Releasing Hydrogels.

In situ forming and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-releasing hydrogels have been considered as attractive matrices for various biomedical applications. Particularly, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed crosslinking reaction serves efficient method to create in situ forming hydrogels due to its advantageous features, such as mild reaction conditions, rapid gelation rate, tunable mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility. Herein, a novel HRP-crosslinked hydrogel system is reported that can produce H2O2 in situ for long-term applications, using glucose oxidase-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO2@GOx NPs). In this system, CaO2 gradually produced H2O2 to support the HRP-mediated hydrogelation, while GOx further catalyzed the oxidation of glucose for in situ H2O2 generation. As the hydrogel is formed rapidly is expected and the H2O2 release behavior is prolonged up to 10 days. Interestingly, hydrogels formed by HRP/CaO2@GOx-mediated crosslinking reaction provided a favorable 3D microenvironment to support the viability and proliferation of fibroblasts, compared to that of hydrogels formed by either HRP/H2O2 or HRP/CaO2/GOx-mediated crosslinking reaction. Furthermore, HRP/CaO2@GOx-crosslinked hydrogel enhanced the angiogenic activities of endothelial cells, which is demonstrated by the in vitro tube formation test and in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. Therefore, HRP/CaO2@GOx-catalyzed hydrogels is suggested as potential in situ H2O2-releasing materials for a wide range of biomedical applications.