[Translated article] Temporary work disability following trapezial resection and suspension arthroplasty for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess the time to return to work (TRW) in patients undergoing trapezial resection using the Mini TightRope® system at our centre and to investigate factors that might delay return to work following this surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent Trapezial resection and suspensionplasty using the Mini TightRope® system between 2015 and 2016, with a minimum one-year follow-up. Telephone interviews were conducted along with a review of medical records and radiology reports, as well as temporary work disability documents, collecting epidemiological and occupational data. Groups were compared based on age, gender, dominant hand, biomechanical occupational requirements of the patients, and whether they had experienced prior temporary work disability. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients (29 women and 7 men) with an average age of 55.7 years were included. The median time to return to work was 126 days. Self-employed workers re-entered the workforce 72 days earlier on average; workers who had experienced prior temporary work disability had a greater total temporary work disability duration and took 91 days longer to return to work compared to those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Patients employed by others and those who had experienced prior temporary work disability before the surgery had longer temporary work disability periods. In our study, no differences were observed based on gender, dominant hand, or biomechanical work demands of the intervened patients.

Temporary work disability following trapezial resection and suspension arthroplasty for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. / Incapacidad laboral temporal tras cirugía de rizartrosis mediante trapecectomía y artroplastia de suspensión con sutura de alta resistencia.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to assess the time to return to work (TRW) in patients undergoing trapezial resection using the Mini TightRope® system at our center and to investigate factors that might delay return to work following this surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent Trapezial resection and suspensionplasty using the Mini TightRope® system between 2015 and 2016, with a minimum one-year follow-up. Telephone interviews were conducted along with a review of medical records and radiology reports, as well as temporary work disability documents, collecting epidemiological and occupational data. Groups were compared based on age, gender, dominant hand, biomechanical occupational requirements of the patients, and whether they had experienced prior temporary work disability. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients (29 women and 7 men) with an average age of 55.7 years were included. The median time to return to work was 126 days. Self-employed workers re-entered the workforce 72 days earlier on average; workers who had experienced prior temporary work disability had a greater total temporary work disability duration and took 91 days longer to return to work compared to those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Patients employed by others and those who had experienced prior temporary work disability before the surgery had longer temporary work disability periods. In our study, no differences were observed based on gender, dominant hand, or biomechanical work demands of the intervened patients.

Prevalencia de alteraciones musculoesqueléticas en pacientes que asisten al Centro de Salud de la provincia del Guayas / Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in patients attending the Health Center of the province of Guayas / Prevalência de perturbações músculo-esqueléticas em doentes que frequentam o Centro de Saúde da província de Guayas

Los Trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) abarcan más de 150 patologías que pueden afectar al sistema locomotor, siendo considerado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en el año 2021 como el principal factor para la incapacidad laboral y de requerir rehabilitación. Estas lesiones se presentan de forma repentina y pueden llegar a ser enfermedades crónicas, las cuales pueden afectar de una manera social, económica y laboral. Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de las alteraciones musculoesqueléticas más frecuentes, asociadas a incapacidad laboral en pacientes que asisten al Centro de Salud en la provincia del Guayas. Materiales y métodos. Este trabajo de investigación tiene un alcance descriptivo observacional, de enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, el mismo que se apoyó en una base de datos de tipo numérico. Resultados. Obteniendo como resultado una mayor prevalencia en el dolor articular con un 32,49%, seguido de lumbalgia 14,13%, patologías artrósicas 13.73% y dorsalgia 2,62%. Conclusiones. Al realizar la comparación entre varios estudios se pudo determinar que la edad más frecuente para presentar alteraciones musculoesqueléticas es de los 30 a 70 años de edad dentro de la población laboral, siendo a mayor edad, mayor prevalencia a incapacidad laboral.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass more than 150 pathologies that can affect the locomotor system, being considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the year 2021 as the main factor for work incapacity and requiring rehabilitation. These injuries occur suddenly and can become chronic diseases, which can affect socially, economically and occupationally. Objective. To establish the prevalence of the most frequent musculoskeletal alterations associated with incapacity for work in patients attending the Health Center in the province of Guayas. Materials and methods. This research work has a descriptive observational scope, with a quantitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, which was supported by a numerical database. Results. Obtaining as a result a higher prevalence of joint pain with 32.49%, followed by low back pain 14.13%, osteoarthritic pathologies 13.73% and dorsalgia 2.62%. Conclusions. When comparing several studies, it was possible to determine that the most frequent age for presenting musculoskeletal alterations is between 30 and 70 years of age within the working population, the older the age, the higher the prevalence of incapacity for work.

As doenças musculoesqueléticas (MSDs) abrangem mais de 150 patologias que podem afetar o sistema locomotor, sendo consideradas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) no ano 2021 como o principal fator de incapacidade de trabalho e que necessitam de reabilitação. Essas lesões ocorrem repentinamente e podem se tornar doenças crônicas, que podem afetar social, econômica e profissionalmente. Objetivo. Estabelecer a prevalência dos distúrbios musculoesqueléticos mais frequentes associados à incapacidade de trabalho em pacientes que frequentam o Centro de Saúde na província de Guayas. Materiais e métodos. Este trabalho de pesquisa tem um escopo observacional descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa e um projeto transversal não-experimental, que foi apoiado por um banco de dados numérico. Resultados. Obtendo como resultado uma maior prevalência de dores articulares com 32,49%, seguida de dores lombares baixas 14,13%, patologias artríticas 13,73% e dores nas costas 2,62%. Conclusões. Uma comparação entre vários estudos mostrou que a idade mais frequente para apresentar distúrbios musculoesqueléticos é entre 30 e 70 anos de idade na população trabalhadora, sendo que quanto maior a idade, maior a prevalência de incapacidade para o trabalho.

E-scooter accidents: A new epidemic. / Accidentes en patinete eléctrico: una nueva epidemia.

INTRODUCTION: During the last years, the use of e-scooter has become more and more popular due to the versatility as the practicality in intra-urban mobility. However, e-scooter has turned into a spring of accidents, lot of them, severe, causing new public health problems and significantly increasing the direct and indirect healthcare costs. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiology of the injuries caused by e-scooter related accidents and to study their indirect economic impact in work-related accidents hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study in which has been checked all the medical information about the patients attended in the ER (emergency room) of the Hospital Asepeyo Sant Cugat, who suffered e-scooter accident from January 2018 to December 2020. RESULTS: 167 patients were included in the study. 55% (92) were male and 45% (75) were female. The average of age was 37.4 years-old. There were quantified 117 different fractures in 105 patients (63%). Other injuries documented were: 36 patients with multiple contusions, 16 head traumas and 4 wounds which required suture. The most frequent ligamentous injuries were 4 ACL ruptures, 3 ACJ dislocations and 2 patients with rupture of the UCL of the thumb. 105 patients required hospital admission, 3 of them in ICU. The 51% of the cases required surgical treatment of their injuries. In that period, as a consequence of the work inabilities generated by the total of the patients included in the study, the added cost for the hospital was around 1,062,444€. CONCLUSIONS: The popularization of e-scooters between the employed population has caused a high increased number of accidents in this range of age. Most of the injuries observed may be compared with those seen in high-energy traumas. These cause an important socio-economic impact due to the nature of the injuries and the potential complications that could appear. The work inabilities observed as a consequence of e-scooter related injuries in the employed population have caused a substantial economic impact, shooting up to more than 1,000,000€ the indirect cost of our hospital during the reviewed period.

Comportamiento epidemiológico de SARS-CoV-2 en población trabajadora afiliada al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social / SARS-CoV-2 epidemic behavior in worker population affiliated to the Mexican Social Security Institute

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 entre los trabajadores afiliados al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Material y métodos: Se analizaron las incapacidades temporales para el trabajo por enfermedades respiratorias (ITT-ER), las hospitalizaciones y defunciones asociadas durante el periodo del 1 marzo al 31 diciembre 2020. Se estimó la tasa de ataque (TA) por SARS-CoV-2, así como los riesgos relativos (RR) de ITT-ER, hospitalización y defunción. Resultados: De los trabajadores afiliados al IMSS, 8.8% (n=1 730 334) recibió al menos una ITT-ER. La TA fue mayor en mujeres y en ambos sexos fue menor en el grupo de >60 años. Los RR de hospitalización y defunción fueron mayores en hombres y aumentaron con la edad. Comparado con las ITT-ER de 2015-2019, Durango, Tamaulipas y Nuevo León tuvieron un RR mayor de ITT-ER que el resto del país. Conclusiones: La epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 tuvo repercusiones importantes en los trabajadores afiliados al IMSS; se observó un exceso de ITT-ER de 4.6 veces respecto a la frecuencia esperada y cerca de un millón de casos de SARS-CoV-2. Los datos sugieren que el sistema de ITT-ER puede ser utilizado como elemento adicional para la vigilancia epidemiológica de enfermedades emergentes.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic among workers affiliated to the Mexican Social Security Institute. Materials and methods: We analyzed Short Term Disability Claims due to Respiratory Diseases (RD-STDC), associated hospitalizations and deaths (March 1 - December 31, 2020). We estimated the attack rate (AR) for SARS-CoV-2, and relative risks (RR) of TWD-RD, hospitalization and deaths. Results: 1 730 334 workers received at least one RD-STDC. AR was higher in women and in both sexes it was lower in >60 years old. RR of hospitalization and death were higher in men and increased with age. Compared with RD-STDC of 2015-2019, the states of Durango, Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon had a higher RR of RD-STDC than the rest of the country. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic impacted IMSS-affiliated workers significantly. We observed a 4.6 fold excess in RD-STDC compared to the expected frequency and nearly 1 million SARS-CoV-2 cases in this population. Our data suggest that the RD-STDC system can be used as an additional resource for epidemiological surveillance of emerging diseases.

[What are the epidemiological characteristics of patients with work incapacity as a result of fibromyalgia who return to work?] / ¿Qué características epidemiológicas tienen los pacientes con fibromialgia e incapacidad laboral que se reincorporan a un puesto de trabajo?

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain what epidemiological variables determine whether a patient with work incapacity as a result of fibromyalgia returns to work. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out that included 412 patients with fibromyalgia under 54 years of age and classified as having a total permanent disability by the National Institute of Social Security in Madrid in 2005. Follow-up from 2005 to 2019. We studied the variables of age, sex, marital status, CFS/MCS, psychiatric diagnosis, type of social security affiliation, occupation (CNO-11) and economic amount of the disability benefit in euros/month (4 tranches are established of <500, 500-750, 750-1000 and> 1000). We analyse the impact of these variables on return to work using a binary logistic regression model. RESULT: The mean age was 45+/-7. A total of 44% did not return to another job. The variables that were significant in the multivariate study were age (OR 0.93, CI 0.90 - 0.97), association with CFS and/or MCS (OR 0.07, CI 0.02 - 0.24), occupation (OR 0, 82; IC 0.73 - 0.92) and the amount of the disability benefit (OR 0.26; IC 0.19 - 0.35). CONCLUSION: The probability of returning to another job decreases with age (1.07 times for each year), as the amount of the disability benefit increases (3.85 times for each successive tranche), as the level of qualification required for the occupation decreases (1.21 times for each successive CON-11 code) or if there is CFS and/or MCS (12.9 times).

Evolución clínica de trabajadores con fractura de radio distal Fernández III. Tratamiento no complicado quirúrgico y no quirúrgico.

ANTECEDENTES: Las fracturas de radio distal Fernández III (FRDF III) son una urgencia muy frecuente. Las indicaciones quirúrgicas y no quirúrgicas persisten controversiales, así como el impacto funcional. OBJETIVO: Comparar la evolución clínica de los trabajadores con FRDF III, con manejo quirúrgico frente a no quirúrgico, no complicados, en un hospital especializado. MÉTODO: Estudio comparativo, observacional y longitudinal en trabajadores con FRDF III unilateral cerrada, de ambos sexos, con evolución menor de 5 días. Se excluyeron pacientes con comorbilidad afectante de consolidación ósea y polifracturados. Se eliminaron aquellos con información incompleta, con complicaciones, con aparato de yeso modificado 5 días después de su colocación, con mala reducción-estabilización acorde a la AO. Se aplicó la Escala Funcional de Mayo para Muñeca (EFMM) a los 3 y 6 meses del tratamiento. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student. RESULTADOS: 159 pacientes, 34% mujeres, 66% hombres. Edad promedio 40.18 años. Manejo quirúrgico 42,5% (placa 8.7%, fijador 29%, fijador + clavillo 8.7%); no quirúrgico 33%. Diferencias significativas (p ≤ 0.05): EFMM 3 y 6 meses; a 3 meses: dolor, prensión; a 6 meses: movilidad; y días totales de incapacidad. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento quirúrgico muestra mejores resultados funcionales, destacando el dolor y la prensión a 3 meses, y la movilidad a 6 meses, con reincorporación laboral en menos tiempo. BACKGROUND: This fracture is a very frequent emergency. Surgical and non-surgical management are still controversial, such as functional impact. OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical evolution of Fernandez III distal radius fractures, managed with surgically vs no surgical treatment, in a specialized hospital. METHOD: Comparative, observational, longitudinal study, released on workers with unilateral Fernandez III closed distal radius fractures, both sex, with evolution less than 5 days. Those patients with pathologies getting difficult in bone consolidation, and with several fractures were excluded. Those with incomplete information, complicated, and whom paste were modified after 5 days, and with bad reduction or stabilization fracture according AO were eliminated. Mayo Functional Wrist Scale (EFMM) was applied at 3 and 6 months. Student-t test was applied. RESULTS: 159 patients recruited, 34% females, 66% males. Medium age 40 years old. Surgical treatment 42.5% (plaque 8.7%, external fixation 29%, external fixation and nails 8.7%). Non-surgical treatment 33%. Significative differences (p≤0.05): EFMM at 3 and 6 months; pain, grasp at 3 months; mobility at 6 months; total laboral inhability days. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment shows better functional results, specially pain and grasp at 3 months, mobility at 6 months, and faster returning to work.

La incapacidad temporal como beneficio de la seguridad social: una revisión de literatura / Sick leave as a social security benefit: A literature review / Licença médica como benefício da previdência social: uma revisão de literatura

La incapacidad temporal es el beneficio asistencial y económico que se le reconoce a trabajadoras y trabajadores cotizantes del sistema de seguridad social por la afectación en su capacidad laboral e implica ausentismo y asistencia para el retorno al trabajo. El objetivo de esta revisión es explorar las concepciones, los sujetos y las situaciones protegidas por esta prestación en diferentes países. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en bases de datos y sitios web oficiales de Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Perú, Ecuador, México, España y Portugal. Para el análisis se diseñaron matrices y un cuadro descriptivo con identificadores normativos; los hallazgos se organizaron en categorías. Se encontraron semejanzas en los elementos conceptuales, eventos y sujetos de protección. Las diferencias están en los requisitos y duración. La incapacidad temporal es un beneficio universal y finito reconocido como un derecho laboral y de la seguridad social. Por su impacto económico y social, debe ser estudiada desde la gestión en salud y de los riesgos laborales para el diseño de planes y programas, así como de estrategias regionales con enfoque de equidad, considerando la ocupación y el ámbito laboral.

Sick leave is an economic and support benefit of a social security system for workers who contribute to it, when their work capacity has been impacted. It implies absenteeism and assistance to return to work. This review aims to explore the conceptions and protected subjects and events of this benefit in different countries. A literature review was carried out on databases and official websites of Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Perú, Ecuador, México, Spain, and Portugal. For the analysis, matrices and a descriptive table with normative identifiers were designed. The findings were organized into categories. Similarities were found in conceptual elements and the protected events and subjects. The differences include the requirements and duration. Sick leave is a universal and finite benefit recognized as a labor and social security right. Due to its economic and social impact, it must be studied from health and occupational risks management to design plans and programs and regional strategies focusing on equity, considering the occupation and the work environment.

A licença médica é o benefício assistencial e econômico que é reconhecido aos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras contribuintes do sistema de previdência social pelo impacto na sua capacidade para o trabalho e implica absentismo e assistência no regresso ao trabalho. O objetivo desta revisão é explorar as concepções, temas e situações protegidas por esse benefício em diferentes países. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura em bases de dados e em sites oficiais da Colômbia, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Equador, México, Espanha e Portugal. Para a análise, foram elaboradas matrizes e uma tabela descritiva com identificadores normativos; os resultados foram organizados em categorias. Semelhanças foram encontradas nos elementos conceituais, eventos e temas de proteção. As diferenças estão nos requisitos e na duração. A licença médica é um benefício universal e finito, reconhecido como direito trabalhista e previdenciário. Devido ao seu impacto econômico e social, deve ser estudada a partir da gestão em saúde e dos riscos trabalhistas para o esboço de planos e programas; bem como das estratégias regionais com foco na equidade, considerando a ocupação e o ambiente de trabalho.

Saving more than R$ 85 billion of the Brazilian Social Security System: the case of the PRBI / Economía de más de R$ 85 mil millones en el Régimen General de Previsión Social de Brasil: el caso del PRBI / Economizando mais de R$ 85 bilhões ao Regime Geral de Previdência Social do Brasil: o caso do PRBI

Abstract Since 2016, the number of recipients of incapacity allowance in Brazil has been continuously falling. This article presents the program of incapacity benefits assessment (PRBI) to help understand the dynamics around incapacity allowance and similar benefits. The study shows that the PRBI can save more than R$ 85 billion of the budget allocated to social security in the country.

Resumen El número de beneficiarios de subsidios por incapacidad laboral ha disminuido drásticamente desde 2016. Este artículo muestra que el Programa para la Evaluación de Subsidios por Incapacidad Laboral (PRBI) es clave para entender esta dinámica y es responsable de una economía de más de R$ 85 mil millones para el Régimen General de Previsión Social de Brasil.

Resumo O número de benefícios de auxílio-doença vem caindo drasticamente desde 2016. Este artigo mostra que o Programa de Revisão dos Benefícios por Incapacidade (PRBI) é fundamental para entender essa dinâmica, e estima que o Programa seja responsável por uma economia de mais de R$ 85 bilhões ao Regime Geral de Previdência Social.

Analysis of costs associated with the management and morbidity of diabetic macular oedema and macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. / Análisis de los costes asociados al manejo y morbilidad del edema macular diabético y el edema macular secundario a oclusión venosa de la retina.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the disease burden in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) or with retinal vein occlusion macular oedema (RVOMO) from a societal perspective. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study conducted on patients >18 years old diagnosed with uni- or bilateral DMO or unilateral RVOMO. Data on the use of health resources from diagnosis was collected, and the impact of disease on work life was assessed. Costs were annualised (euros, January 2014). Differences were contrasted using Chi-squared test (or Fisher Exact test), Mann Whitney-U test or Kruskal-Wallis test (Dunn contrast). RESULTS: A total of 448 patients were included (DMO 255; RVOMO 193). There were significant differences in costs of diagnosis: RVOMO €1856, bilateral DMO €1661, and unilateral DMO €1401 (P<.001) and the aggregate medical costs: RVOMO €4639, bilateral DMO 6275€ and unilateral DMO 6269€ (P<.001). Cost by permanent time off work was higher in bilateral DMO €11712, than in unilateral DMO €4284€, and than in RVOMO €1052 (P<.05). Linear regression analysis showed that variables associated with direct health costs were: Diagnosis (bilateral DMO was associated with higher cost), as well as number of days in hospital, number of visits, time of observation, and number of days of time off work. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with bilateral DMO are associated with a higher direct health cost, as well as a higher indirect cost by impact of the disease on work life.

[Occupational disability in epilepsy. The assessment criteria]. / La incapacidad laboral en epilepsia. Criterios de valoración.

Epilepsy is a chronic disease cursing with recurrent and paroxysmal crises due to anomalies in the electrical activity of brain, and is controllable in most of the patients by using antiepileptic drugs, in single or combination therapy. Probably one of the most complex aspects of epilepsy is the assessment of disability for work of the affected person. For this purpose, multiple factors need to be taken into account for homogeneous decision-making, and according to criteria of approval and within the principle of equity inherent in the granting of Social Security disability benefits. This requires the cooperation of all professionals involved in the different specialties, with reports using common criteria and taking into account the disease itself, as well as the effects of the prescribed treatments, the effects of which can contribute to the limitations in the performance of certain professions of risk.

[Temporary disability and its legal implications]. / La incapacidad temporal y sus implicaciones legales.

Temporary disability is the condition that workers face when, as the result of illness (common or professional) or accident (work-related or not), they are temporarily prevented from performing their work and require health care. The management of temporary disability is a medical act that involves (in addition to a complex clinical assessment) obvious social, occupational and financial connotations and requires continuing medical follow-up from doctors, as well as responses to medical-legal conflicts. The regulatory framework on the subject is extensive in the Spanish setting and highly diverse in the European setting. Beyond the regulatory framework, the repercussions of temporary disability are self-evident at all levels. Although determining temporary disability is a common medical act for practicing physicians, it is not exempt from risks or difficulties arising from the assessment itself and the characteristics of practicing medical care. Established medical-legal conflicts include the processing of health data and the requirements for transferring information related to workers' temporary disability to their company's medical services. The interest and usefulness demonstrated by the data obtained from forensic medicine for public health require the incorporation of these data into general healthcare information, as it could be essential to the surveillance of worker health. The recommendations established by medical societies, as good practice guidelines, are especially useful in this type of conflict.

Recommendations for fitness for work medical evaluations in chronic respiratory patients. Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR).

Chronic respiratory diseases often cause impairment in the functions and/or structure of the respiratory system, and impose limitations on different activities in the lives of persons who suffer them. In younger patients with an active working life, these limitations can cause problems in carrying out their normal work. Article 41 of the Spanish Constitution states that «the public authorities shall maintain a public Social Security system for all citizens guaranteeing adequate social assistance and benefits in situations of hardship¼. Within this framework is the assessment of fitness for work, as a dual-nature process (medico-legal) that aims to determine whether it is appropriate or not to recognise a person's right to receive benefits which replace the income that they no longer receive as they cannot carry out their work, due to loss of health. The role of the pulmonologist is essential in evaluating the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and functional capacity of respiratory patients. These recommendations seek to bring the complex setting of fitness for work evaluation to pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons, providing action guidelines that allow them to advise their own patients about their incorporation into working life.

[Temporary disability in operated spine patients. Preliminary report]. / Incapacidad temporal para el trabajo en pacientes operados de columna. Reporte preliminar.

BACKGROUND: The spinal injuries in workers have become a large scale health problem. The purpose of this study is to review the differences in the spine pathologies from incapacity to work, as well as factors that could alter the recovery time and the possibility of returning the patient to work. METHODS: Statistical preliminary review study in 37 patients enrolled in the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, workers, undertaken to spinal pathology surgery, comparing days of incapacity with proposed internationally, as well as his return to work. RESULTS: The results show that 37% of the patients studied are still active in the social security, 2 years after surgery. The days of disability generated by the pathology in this study group (212.3 days) are significantly higher than what is set on the Medical Disability Advisor (56 days, almost 4 times more). CONCLUSION: The study shows the need to develop the same analysis in other hospitals, comparing the proportion of cases that return to the work and total disability times for diagnostics.

Antecedentes: hoy en día, los problemas relacionados con padecimientos de la columna en trabajadores son de gran magnitud. Objetivo: revisar las diferencias en reincorporación laboral en pacientes con afecciones de la columna que generan incapacidad y los factores que podrían alterar el tiempo de recuperación y la posibilidad de reincorporar al paciente a su trabajo. Material y métodos: estudio preliminar, estadístico, de revisión de 37 pacientes trabajadores inscritos en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, operados por alguna afección de la columna vertebral en el que se compararon: días de incapacidad con lo propuesto internacionalmente y su retorno a laborar. Resultados: 37% de los pacientes estudiados continúan activos en la seguridad social dos años después de la intervención quirúrgica. Los días de incapacidad generados por este grupo de estudio (212.3 días) son significativamente mayores a lo que establece el Medical Disability Advisor (56 días, casi 4 veces más). Conclusiones: debido al tamaño de la muestra es necesario ampliar el estudio a otros centros de tratamiento dentro de la institución y comparar los resultados, principalmente lo relacionado con el retorno a laborar. La cirugía de columna no es garantía de retorno a laborar, lo que debe tenerse en cuenta al momento de plantearle al paciente los objetivos de la cirugía o un pronóstico laboral.

Análisis de los tratamientos realizados en una muestra de sujetos en situación de incapacidad laboral por causa psiquiátrica en una población española / Analysis of treatments among an Spanish group of people with sickness absence due to psychiatric disorders

Se analizó un total de 181 pacientes, de una media de edad de 46.1 años, de los cuales 56 son varones y 125 mujeres, que acudían para evaluar su incapacidad laboral por causa psiquiátrica o para determinar el grado de incapacidad permanente. Los datos más relevantes han sido codificados adecuadamente y registrados en una hoja de cálculo para su tratamiento estadístico por el paquete estadístico SPSS 8.01 para Windows. La proporción de incapacidades laborales de causa psiquiátrica se incrementa con la edad y es mayor en las mujeres, y se relaciona también con los menores niveles educativos y profesionales.Se registraron en la muestra un número importante de antecedentes patológicos personales somáticos relevantes, que podrían incrementar la vulnerabilidad del paciente.Las patologías más importantes como causa de incapacidad laboral fueron los trastornos del estado de ánimo, seguidos de los trastornos adaptativos.Los pacientes recibían tratamientos, habitualmente politerapia, con dos o más principios activos, siendo más frecuente el uso de antidepresivos IRSS e IRNS seguido de ansiolíticos. Sólo un número muy reducido de pacientes fue tratado con antidepresivos tricíclicos, y ninguno de los pacientes recibió terapia electroconvulsiva ni tratamiento con IMAO. Sólo un número muy reducido de los pacientes recibía tratamiento de psicoterapia. Se recomienda un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento adecuado para evitar la agravación y cronificación de los trastornos y favorecer la reinserción laboral.

It was analyzed a total of 181 subjects, average 46.1 years, 56 males and 125 females, all of them in a situation of sckness absence, or permanent disability, evaluated in order to assess the degree of disability. The more relevant data of the patients clinical records were analyzed using the statistical program Windows SPSS 8.01. The incident of sickness absence increase with age, and it is higher in women, and also correlates with lower educational and professional levels. A high rate of subjects refers pathology somatic antecedents which may increase their vulnerability. The more relevant psychiatric pathologies inducing sickness absences and permanent disability were affective disorders followed by adjustment disorders, which are incresing in frequency due to labour distress. The subjects were usually treated with politherapy, one or more spychopharmacological drugs, antidepressant SSRI or NSRI followed by anxiolitics. Only 3.4 % of subjects were treated with tricyclic antidpressant, and none of them was treated with IMAO antidepressants, or electroshock. Only a reduced number of patients were treated with psychotherapy. In order to reduce sickness absences and to prevent disability, it would very useful an early diagnosis and treatment.

Evaluación económica de la incapacidad laboral temporal en una institución de salud / Economic assessment of temporary work disability in a health care institution

La seguridad social cubana garantiza una cobertura total a toda la población desde el triunfo de la Revolución. La incapacidad laboral temporal es un aspecto que el sistema actual de seguridad social contempla. El Anexo II de la Resolución Ministerial 176/89 regula la prescripción, por los médicos, de los días de reposo. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de valorar la repercusión económica, para el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, del pago por los certificados médicos presentados por sus trabajadores en el año 2005. Se realizó una evaluación económica parcial del tipo descripción de costos. Fueron revisados los 224 certificados médicos recibidos en el centro en ese año. Se confrontó la incapacidad laboral temporal prescrita con lo establecido y se cuantificaron las diferencias. Los certificados médicos recibidos prescribieron 523 días màs que lo reglamentado, en términos económicos significó el pago de 4 286,03 pesos por encima de lo estipulado. Se indican màs días de reposo por certificados médicos que lo autorizado por la Resolución Ministerial 176/89. Se considera que el Anexo ll tiene 17 años de emitido y debe ser revisado y ampliado el espectro diagnóstico

Since the triumph of the revolution, Cuban social welfare assures overall coverage to the whole population. Temporary work disability is an issue that the present social welfare system takes into account. Annex 2 to the ministerial resolution no 176 of 1989 stipulates the prescription by physicians of the number of days that an individual under treatment should rest. Objectives To assess the economic impact of the payment of medical leaves submitted by sick workers at the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology in 2005. Partial cost description-type economic assessment was made in which all the 224 medical leaves submitted that year were checked. The prescribed temporary work disability was compared with that of the resolution, and then differences were estimated. Medical leaves prescribed 523 days more than the number set by the law, which economically accounted for the payment of 4 286,03 pesos in excess. The number of rest days prescribed in medical leaves was higher than the number stipulated by the ministerial resolution no 176 of 1989. It was considered that Annex 2 was issued 17 years ago; therefore, the diagnostic range should be reviewed and expanded