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1.
Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh ; 22(1)2025 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459787

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review of qualitative studies explored interventions to improve student nurses' knowledge, attitudes or willingness to work with older people. Student nurses are likely to encounter older people in all health and aged care settings, however, research demonstrates that few have career aspirations in gerontological nursing. METHODS: Qualitative systematic review method based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. RESULTS: Search of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost and Scopus yielded 1841 articles which were screened to include primary research about educational interventions to improve student nurses' knowledge, attitudes and/or willingness to work with older people. Data extraction was performed on the 14 included studies, and data were analysed using directed content analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used the assess the quality of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions included theory or practice courses, or a combination of theory and practice. While most interventions changed nursing students' negative attitudes towards older people, few increased their willingness to work with them. Practice courses had the most significant impact on willingness to work with older people. Quality assessment revealed methodical limitations. More research is needed to better understand the elements of practice interventions that enhance student nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to work with older people, so that they can be replicated.


Assuntos
Geriatria , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Idoso , Humanos , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Competência Clínica
2.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 12(7)2024 Jul 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066384

RESUMO

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has revolutionized cervical cancer prevention. Clinical trials confirm that the quadrivalent (HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18) and bivalent (HPV types 16, 18) vaccines effectively prevent HPV infections and cervical neoplasia. The latest HPV vaccine protects against nine virus types responsible for 90% of cervical cancer cases globally. Despite their undoubted effectiveness in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HPV infections, challenges in vaccine coverage and uptake persist. The current study aimed to identify the primary challenges associated with HPV vaccination, propose effective strategies to improve vaccination uptake, and compile relevant evidence into a comprehensive overview to inform policy and practice. A systematic review protocol, following PRISMA-P and PRISMA guidelines, was established. Articles were sourced from the Web of Science using keywords from a comprehensive review of HPV vaccination challenges and strategies. Studies published between 1 January 2020, and 1 May 2024, including RCTs and observational, qualitative, and cross-sectional studies, were included, while reviews, protocols, and commentaries were excluded. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened per PRISMA guidelines. The review identified five key strategies to improve HPV vaccination uptake: parental and school engagement, use of technology and multimedia tools, healthcare providers' role, multicomponent interventions, and targeted interventions for immigrant groups. This review emphasized the need for a multifaceted approach to improving vaccination rates, offering a robust foundation for policy and stakeholder initiatives.

3.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 12(7)2024 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066425

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing healthcare disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations rooted in historical traumas and systemic marginalization. METHODS: This study conducted at a single Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic in central Michigan evaluates two educational interventions for enhancing COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes in a sample AI/AN population. Utilizing a pre/post-intervention prospective study design, participants received either a video or infographic educational intervention, followed by a survey assessing their COVID-19 knowledge and attitudes. RESULTS: The results indicate significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes post-intervention, with both modalities proving effective. However, specific factors such as gender, political affiliation, and place of residence influenced COVID-19 attitudes and knowledge, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite limitations, this study highlights the critical role of educational interventions in addressing vaccine hesitancy and promoting health equity within AI/AN communities. Moving forward, comprehensive strategies involving increased Indian Health Service funding, culturally relevant interventions, and policy advocacy are crucial in mitigating healthcare disparities and promoting health equity within AI/AN communities.

4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39066996

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEWS: Headaches represent a prevalent and burdensome health condition, affecting individuals of all ages worldwide. While dietary factors have been implicated in headache pathophysiology, the association between dairy consumption and headaches remains controversial and inadequately understood. This comprehensive review systematically examines the existing literature to elucidate the relationship between dairy intake and headaches, addressing methodological challenges, potential biases, and gaps in the current knowledge. RECENT FINDINGS: A thorough search of electronic databases identified relevant observational studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic investigations exploring the impact of dairy consumption on headache incidence, frequency, severity, and duration. Methodological considerations, including study design, measurement of exposure and outcome variables, confounding factors, and sources of bias, were critically evaluated to assess the strength of evidence and validity of findings. Despite heterogeneity across studies, emerging evidence suggests a complex and multifaceted relationship between dairy intake and headaches, influenced by individual characteristics, dietary patterns, headache subtype, and study context. While some studies report a positive association between dairy consumption and headaches, others indicate no significant effect or potential therapeutic benefits of dairy restriction. Mechanistic insights suggest plausible biological mechanisms, including neuroinflammatory pathways, neurotransmitter modulation, vascular effects, and gut-brain interactions, which may mediate the observed associations. Future research directions encompass longitudinal studies, mechanistic investigations, stratified analyses, randomized controlled trials, and exploration of the gut microbiota to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and inform evidence-based dietary recommendations for headache management. This integrative review underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and personalized approaches to address the complex interplay between diet, headaches, and overall health.

5.
Tob Induc Dis ; 222024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39081591

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: 'Teachable moments', such as inpatient treatment periods, can be turned into opportunities for smokers to acquire healthy living behaviors. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of smoking cessation interventions in an inpatient hospital setting. METHODS: Data were collected for this single-arm prospective intervention cohort study between October 2021 and March 2022 from hospitalized patients at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital in Türkiye. Smoker patients received smoking cessation counseling and brief smoking cessation interventions during their hospitalization and were informed about how to apply to our hospital's smoking cessation outpatient clinic after discharge. They were followed via phone on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day and the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month after their discharge, regarding their quit status as well as admissions to smoking cessation clinics. Quitters were confirmed by exhaled air carbon monoxide testing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of admission to the emergency department and family physicians at follow-up at 1st year. The model was adjusted in terms of age, sex, presence of malignancy, and education level. RESULTS: Of the 183 patients included in the study, 163 participants completed periodic follow-up during one year, with quit rate of 47.2%. The rate of anxiety was higher among non-quitters compared to quitters (9.4% vs 1.2%) (p=0.024). Non-quitters were 19 times more likely to have emergency department admissions (AOR=19.64; 95% CI: 8.08-47.68) and eight times more likely to have family doctor visits (AOR=8.43; 95% CI: 4.05-17.53) than quitters. CONCLUSIONS: This cessation program evaluated the quit rates of hospitalized patients in the first year and revealed that the rate of anxiety was higher in non-quitters compared to quitters. It would be an important approach to include psychiatric support in this practice.

6.
Front Dement ; 3: 1331741, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39081598

RESUMO

Background: Evidence for the beneficial effects of cognitive training on cognitive function and daily living activities is inconclusive. Variable study quality and design does not allow for robust comparisons/meta-analyses of different cognitive training programmes. Fairly low adherence to extended cognitive training interventions in clinical trials has been reported. Aims: The aim of further developing a Cognitive Training Support Programme (CTSP) is to supplement the Computerised Cognitive Training (CCT) intervention component of the multimodal Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), which is adapted to different cultural, regional and economic settings within the Word-Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS) Network. The main objectives are to improve adherence to cognitive training through a behaviour change framework and provide information about cognitive stimulation, social engagement and lifestyle risk factors for dementia. Methods: Six CTSP sessions were re-designed covering topics including (1) CCT instructions and tasks, (2) Cognitive domains: episodic memory, executive function and processing speed, (3) Successful ageing and compensatory strategies, (4) Cognitive stimulation and engagement, (5) Wellbeing factors affecting cognition (e.g., sleep and mood), (6) Sensory factors. Session content will be related to everyday life, with participant reflection and behaviour change techniques incorporated, e.g., strategies, goal-setting, active planning to enhance motivation, and adherence to the CCT and in relevant lifestyle changes. Conclusions: Through interactive presentations promoting brain health, the programme provides for personal reflection that may enhance capability, opportunity and motivation for behaviour change. This will support adherence to the CCT within multidomain intervention trials. Efficacy of the programme will be evaluated through participant feedback and adherence metrics.

7.
Front Dement ; 3: 1391471, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39081604

RESUMO

Introduction: The increasing number of people living with dementia and its burden on families and systems particularly in low- and middle-income countries require comprehensive and efficient post-diagnostic management. This study aimed to explore the acceptability and efficacy of a multi-professional case management and psychoeducation model (North Macedonia Interprofessional Dementia Care, or NOMAD) delivered by mobile teams for people with dementia and their caregivers in North Macedonia. Method: We conducted a two-arm randomized controlled trial comparing the intervention with treatment as usual. Participants were recruited from 12 general practitioner (GP) offices in the Skopje region. The NOMAD intervention included the delivery of a personalized care plan over four home visits to dyads of people with dementia and their caregivers by a team including a dementia nurse and a social worker, in collaboration with GPs and dementia experts, and the introduction of a caregiver manual. We assessed caregivers' depressive symptoms, burden, and quality of life and the neuropsychiatric symptoms, daily living activities, and service utilization of people with dementia at baseline and follow-up; we also assessed the acceptability of the intervention by analyzing case notes and attendance rates. Results: One hundred and twenty dyads were recruited and randomized to either the control (n = 60) or the intervention group (n = 60). At follow-up, caregivers in the intervention group had, on average, scores that were 2.69 lower for depressive symptoms (95% CI [-4.75, -0.62], p = 0.012), and people with dementia had, on average, 11.32 fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms (95% CI [-19.74, -2.90], p = 0.009) and used, on average, 1.81 fewer healthcare services (95% CI [-2.61, -1.00], p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The completion of the home visits was 100%, but the intervention's acceptability was underpinned by relationship building, GP competencies, and resources to support families with dementia. There were no differences in the caregivers' quality of life and burden levels or daily living activities in people with dementia. NOMAD is the first case management, non-pharmacological, and multi-professional intervention tested in North Macedonia. Discussion: The trial showed that it is effective in reducing caregivers' depressive symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia and the burden on health and social care services, and it is acceptable for families. Implementing NOMAD in practice will require building primary care capacity and recognizing dementia as a national priority.

8.
Curr Cardiol Rev ; 2024 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39082180

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the primary cause of mortality globally and invariably in India as well. The rapid upsurge in the prevalence of CVDs in India has created a pressing need to promote contemporary, sustainable, and cost-effective interventions to tackle the CVD burden. This systematic review integrates the research-based evidence of the cost-effectiveness of various interventions that can be adapted to control CVDs in India. METHODS: Databases, namely, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar, were searched for data on the economic evaluation of interventions targeting CVD based on the Indian population for a period of 30 years (1991-2021). Two reviewers assessed the articles for eligibility, and data were extracted from the shortlisted articles as per a predefined template, including the quantification of methodological aspects. RESULTS: In total, 1249 studies were examined, out of which 23 completely met the inclusion criteria for full-text review. A total of 16 studies were based solely on the Indian population, while the rest (7) included South Asia/Asia for the intervention, of which India was a participant nation. Most of the economic evaluations targeted treatment-based or pharmacological interventions (14) for CVDs. The evaluations were based on Decision-based models (10), Randomized controlled Trials (RCTs) (9), and Observational studies (4). The cost-effectiveness ratio for the included studies exhibited a diverse range due to variations in methodological approaches, such as differences in study settings, populations, and inconsistencies in study design. The mean ICER (Incremental Cost-effectiveness ratio) for primordial and primary preventions was found to be 3073.8 (US $2022) and 17489.9 (US $2022), respectively. Moreover, the combined mean value for secondary and tertiary prevention was 2029.6 (US$2022). CONCLUSION: The economic evidence of public health interventions are expanding, but their focus is restricted towards pharmacological interventions. There is an urgency to emphasize primordial and primary prevention for better outcomes in health economics decision-making. Technology- based avenues for intervention need more exploration in order to cater to a large population like India.

9.
Am J Psychother ; : appipsychotherapy20230045, 2024 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39083007

RESUMO

Borderline personality disorder and eating disorders frequently co-occur among youths. These disorders emerge in adolescence, during the critical developmental period of building an independent sense of self and the capacity to relate to one's community. Because of core differences in the development and psychopathology of borderline personality disorder and eating disorders, adjustments are required when treating these disorders when they co-occur. Few established treatment approaches can address these disorders simultaneously. Evidence-based psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder, such as dialectical behavior therapy and mentalization-based treatment, have been adapted to accommodate the shared vulnerabilities and features of the two disorders. However, these approaches are specialized, intensive, and lengthy and are therefore poorly suited to implementation in general psychiatric or primary health care, where most frontline mental health care is provided. Generalist approaches can fill this public health gap, guiding nonspecialists in structuring informed clinical management for these impairing and sometimes fatal disorders. In this overview, the authors describe the adjustment of good (or general) psychiatric management (GPM) for adolescents with borderline personality disorder to incorporate the prevailing best practices for eating disorder treatment. The adjusted treatment relies on interventions most clinicians already use (diagnostic disclosure, psychoeducation, focusing on life outside treatment, managing patients' self-destructive behaviors, and conservative psychopharmacology with active management of comorbid conditions). Limitations of the adjusted treatment, as well as guidelines for referring patients to specialized and general medical treatments and for returning them to primary generalist psychiatric care, are discussed.

10.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 24(1): 856, 2024 Jul 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39069605

RESUMO

Women represent 70% of the global health workforce but only occupy 25% of health and social care leadership positions. Gender-based stereotypes, discrimination, family responsibilities, and self-perceived deficiencies in efficacy and confidence inhibit the seniority and leadership of women. The leadership inequality is often compounded by the intersection of race and socio-economic identities. Resolving gender inequalities in healthcare leadership brings women's expertise to healthcare decision making, which can lead to equity of healthcare access and improve healthcare services. With the aim of enhancing women's advancement to leadership positions, a rapid realist review (RRR) was conducted to identify the leadership and career advancement interventions that work for women in healthcare, why these interventions are effective, for whom they are effective, and within which contexts these interventions work. A RRR ultimately articulates this knowledge through a theory describing an intervention's generative causation. The Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) for conducting a realist synthesis guided the methodology. Preliminary theories on leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare were constructed based on an appraisal of key reviews and consultation with an expert panel, which guided the systematic searching and initial theory refinement. Following the literature search, 22 studies met inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. The review process and consultation with the expert panel yielded nine final programme theories. Theories on programmes which enhanced leadership outcomes among women in health services or professional associations centred on organisational and management involvement; mentorship of women; delivering leadership education; and development of key leadership skills. The success of these strategies was facilitated by accommodating programme environments, adequacy and relevance of support provided and programme accessibility. The relationship between underlying intervention entities, stakeholder responses, contexts and leadership outcomes, provides a basis for underpinning the design for leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare.


Assuntos
Mobilidade Ocupacional , Liderança , Humanos , Feminino , Sexismo
11.
Front Health Serv ; 4: 1400060, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39076771

RESUMO

Background: Mental state deterioration poses significant challenges in healthcare, impacting patients and providers. Symptoms like confusion and agitation can lead to prolonged hospital stays, increased costs, and the use of restrictive interventions. Despite its prevalence, there's a lack of consensus on effective practices for managing mental state deterioration in acute hospital settings. To address this gap, a rapid response team model has been proposed as a potential intervention, aiming to provide early identification and targeted interventions. Methods: Based on realist evaluation steps, first, initial program theories are formulated to understand the logic behind the intervention. Second, literature synthesis identifies empirical evidence on contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes elements, refining initial theories. During the third step, data will be collected using qualitative methods such as field observations and interviews, as well as quantitative methods such as surveys of the staff, audits of electronic medical records, and analysis of incident records of mental state deterioration. Analysing this data informs configurations of contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes. In the fifth step, the configurations are synthesised, presenting refined, evidence-informed program theories. Conclusion: This study addresses the knowledge gap by evaluating the rapid response model's effectiveness in managing mental state deterioration in acute hospital settings. Realist principles guide the exploration of causal mechanisms and their interaction with specific implementation contexts. The objective is to identify what works, for whom, and under what circumstances, aiming to manage deterioration, reduce restrictive interventions, and enhance the experience for patients and staff by implementing a proactive model of care. The findings contribute to evidence-based approaches for managing mental state deterioration in hospital settings, informing policy and practice in this crucial area of healthcare.

12.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2001, 2024 Jul 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39060947

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sex trafficking victims often have touchpoints with salons for waxing, styling, and other body modification services required by traffickers. Recently, some states have administered laws requiring salon professionals to receive intimate partner violence (IPV)-related training, with even fewer states mandating training on identifying sex trafficking. This study aimed to understand how salon professionals have witnessed evidence of violence, including IPV and sex trafficking, in the workplace and to explore the differences in their approach to each type of victim. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with salon professionals (N = 10) and law enforcement professionals/policymakers (N = 5). Content and thematic analysis techniques were used. RESULTS: Salon professionals typically identified potential violence through signs such as bruises, odd behavior, and client disclosures, prompting them to engage in cautious conversations. Yet, few were trained to identify and intervene. Often, they responded to suspected violence by talking with the client, sharing concerns with salon leadership, directly intervening on the client's behalf, or contacting the police. Law enforcement and salon professionals had suggestions about improving salon professionals' recognition of and response to violence, including training on victim-focused resources, creating a safe environment, and building relationships with law enforcement. They also suggested strengthening community partnerships to increase resource advocacy and reporting. CONCLUSIONS: One-on-one salon services may provide a unique opportunity to intervene and identify victims of violence, especially when empowered through additional training and collaborative partnerships with community-oriented policing initiates. Implementing training and community-based initiatives could aid salon professionals in gaining greater confidence in knowing what to do when serving a client who is a victim of IPV or sex trafficking.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Tráfico de Pessoas , Humanos , Tráfico de Pessoas/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Indiana , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Aplicação da Lei , Papel Profissional , Adulto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Entrevistas como Assunto , Polícia
13.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 24(1): 843, 2024 Jul 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39061016

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Medical emergencies are the leading cause of high mortality and morbidity rates in rural areas of higher and lower-income countries than in urban areas. Medical emergency readiness is healthcare providers' knowledge, skills, and confidence to meet patients' emergency needs. Rural healthcare professionals' medical emergency readiness is imperative to prevent or reduce casualties due to medical emergencies. Evidence shows that rural healthcare providers' emergency readiness needs enhancement. Education and training are the effective ways to improve them. However, there has yet to be a scoping review to understand the efficacy of educational intervention regarding rural healthcare providers' medical emergency readiness. OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to identify and understand the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving rural healthcare providers' medical emergency readiness globally. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews were used to select the papers for this scoping review. This scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE, CINHAL, SCOPUS, PUBMED and OVID databases. The Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome [PICO] strategies were used to select the papers from the database. The selected papers were limited to English, peer-reviewed journals and published from 2013 to 2023. A total of 536 studies were retrieved, and ten studies that met the selection criteria were included in the review. Three reviewers appraised the selected papers individually using the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] critical appraisal tool. A descriptive method was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: From the identified 536 papers, the ten papers which met the PICO strategies were selected for the scoping review. Results show that rural healthcare providers' emergency readiness remains the same globally. All interventions were effective in enhancing rural health care providers' medical emergency readiness, though the interventions were implemented at various durations of time and in different foci of medical emergencies. Results showed that the low-fidelity simulated manikins were the most cost-effective intervention to train rural healthcare professionals globally. CONCLUSION: The review concluded that rural healthcare providers' medical emergency readiness improved after the interventions. However, the limitations associated with the studies caution readers to read the results sensibly. Moreover, future research should focus on understanding the interventions' behavioural outcomes, especially among rural healthcare providers in low to middle-income countries.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Rural , Humanos , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Serviços de Saúde Rural/organização & administração , Serviços Médicos de Emergência
14.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 13(7)2024 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39061897

RESUMO

Drug resistance is currently one of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment. With the deepening understanding of drug resistance, various mechanisms have been revealed, including metabolic reprogramming and alterations of redox balance. Notably, metabolic reprogramming mediates the survival of tumor cells in harsh environments, thereby promoting the development of drug resistance. In addition, the changes during metabolic pattern shift trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which in turn regulates cellular metabolism, DNA repair, cell death, and drug metabolism in direct or indirect ways to influence the sensitivity of tumors to therapies. Therefore, the intersection of metabolism and ROS profoundly affects tumor drug resistance, and clarifying the entangled mechanisms may be beneficial for developing drugs and treatment methods to thwart drug resistance. In this review, we will summarize the regulatory mechanism of redox and metabolism on tumor drug resistance and highlight recent therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic-redox circuits, including dietary interventions, novel chemosynthetic drugs, drug combination regimens, and novel drug delivery systems.

15.
Children (Basel) ; 11(7)2024 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39062313

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) in East Asian Pacific (EAP) regions represent one of the most at-risk populations due to cultural and geographical factors. Effective mental health interventions, primarily researched in Western contexts, may not fully apply to YEH in EAP. Their lack of stable shelter, disrupted social networks, and limited access to mental health services elevate their susceptibility to adverse mental health, making urgent interventions essential to address their needs. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore and systematically search the types of mental health services and interventions available for YEH in EAP and their impact on overall quality of life and wellbeing. METHODS: Electronic databases (e.g., Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) were systematically searched (publication dates between 1 January 1990 and 13 May 2023), as well as additional online resources specific to homelessness. Articles were screened, and a critical appraisal assessed the quality of the included studies. RESULTS: Eight studies with different interventions were identified in Indonesia (n = 2), Malaysia (n = 1), South Korea (n = 3), and the Philippines (n = 1). These were thematically clustered into six categories: art, cognitive behavioural therapy, life skills education, resilience enhancement, family strengthening, and government interventions/services. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights effective mental health interventions' positive impact on YEH mental health outcomes and quality of life in EAP, stressing the urgent need to implement socio-culturally sensitive services. Future research should address knowledge gaps through comprehensive studies covering diverse EAP regions and populations, prioritising socio-culturally specific psychological measures.

16.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 14(7)2024 Jul 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39062418

RESUMO

Children growing up in institutions lack a stable relationship-essential for development. A significant proportion of them have disorganised attachment, which is associated with negative outcomes. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving attachment security are needed. We conducted a case series study (involving five participants aged 8-11 years) in a newly established psychosocial rehabilitation daycare centre to describe the changes in attachment security and mental health of institutionalised children after one year of attendance. The intervention consisted of individualised care focusing on staff building a trusting relationship with participants using the principles of Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI). Measures such as the Child Attachment Interview, SDQ, CBCL6/18, TRF6/18, and clinical interviews were used to follow change. The descriptive data of five participants are presented. All five children improved in mental health, and for two participants, organisation of attachment changed. Three children experienced relational ruptures. The findings suggest that psychosocial interventions that focus on building trusting relationships may be beneficial in institutionalised children. For these children, given their life history, it can be damaging to experience repeated breakdowns. Thus, the practical implication is that any new relationship for them with an adult should be established after an assessment of whether the relationship can be sustained.

17.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 14(7)2024 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39062430

RESUMO

To examine the effect of synchronous dance movements on social bonding and perceived closeness between generations, 168 young (20-45 years) and older (65-90 years) participants were randomly assigned to six dyad conditions. These included dancing synchronously or asynchronously with an in-age-group or out-age-group unfamiliar partner for 11 min. The participants then completed social bonding and group closeness questionnaires. To assess variation across individuals' and dyads' measurements, a generalized estimating equation modeling analysis was conducted. In line with the hypotheses, synchronized dancing increased social bonding, and young adults showed an enhanced perception of closeness between generations. The hypothesis that synchronous dancing with out-age-group members would foster greater perceived closeness compared to in-age-group members was not confirmed. Surprisingly, the results indicated that asynchronous movements with the in-age-group led to a higher degree of closeness between generations than asynchronous movements with the out-age-group. Avenues for future studies on the mechanisms by which intergenerational dance fosters intergenerational bonding and closeness are discussed.

18.
Nutr Rev ; 2024 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39081227

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review Guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review of weight loss interventions for patients with prostate cancer, with the goal to ascertain the impact of these interventions on body weight, body composition, metabolic biomarkers, and prostate cancer-related outcomes. METHODS: Six bibliographical databases were searched. Eligible studies included articles reporting weight loss behavioral interventions with at least dietary change as an intervention component, body weight as an outcome, and interventions not solely focused on weight loss maintenance. Patients with prostate cancer of any stage were included. At least 2 independent reviewers used a data-charting form to extract study characteristics and results. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were included. The sample consisted predominately of White patients with prostate cancer (multiple stages) in the United States. Most interventions included both dietary and physical activity components and were delivered 1-on-1 in-person and/or by telephone. Most of the studies reported that participants experienced significant weight loss and beneficial body composition changes, with a higher proportion of studies with a longer intervention period and dose (time) reporting greater magnitude of changes in outcomes. There were mixed results regarding the interventions' impact on metabolic biomarkers and prostate cancer-related outcomes. DISCUSSION: Understanding the impact of weight loss interventions on patients with prostate cancer is important. Studies including metabolic biomarkers, prostate cancer outcomes, and more diverse populations are needed.

20.
Epilepsy Behav ; 158: 109934, 2024 Jul 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39079379

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically reshaped the landscape of healthcare delivery, prompting a surge in the adoption of telemedicine as a means to ensure continuity of care. During the pandemic, patients with epilepsy experienced difficulties accessing healthcare and obtaining necessary medications, with a substantial percentage facing obstacles in acquiring anti-seizure medication and reaching healthcare professionals. Disruptions in the supply and distribution of medication, due to COVID-19-related actions, further caused more problems for people with epilepsy and their caregivers like increasing seizure frequency. The pandemic has also accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, with evidence suggesting its potential benefits in various medical fields. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to investigate the challenges faced by patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic, including healthcare access and medication acquisition, as well as evaluate changes in seizure frequency. Additionally, we will synthesize existing evidence on the use of telemedicine to address the healthcare needs of these patients, exploring its advantages and limitations. METHODS: This systematic review was prepared using PRISMA reporting guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Risk of Bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Following rigorous application of eligibility criteria, relevant data, covering both telemedicine-related and health service access information, were methodically extracted and organized using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The analytical procedures were executed through the utilization of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS: A total of 70 articles included in this review. Regarding difficulties in accessing healthcare, 34% of PWE and 41% of caregivers experienced cancelled, changed or postponed appointments. Following issues with obtaining medicine, 13% of patients and 16% of caregivers had difficulties in medicine availability and 11% of patients and 10% of caregivers in medicine accessibility. A very high rate of 90% satisfaction with telemedicine was reported by PWE. 17.6% of PWE experienced an escalation, 9% a decrease and 67% no changes in seizure frequency. CONCLUSION: This review and meta-analysis revealed that telemedicine and virtual communications have been helpful but not sufficient for meeting healthcare needs for PWE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, there was a significant increase in seizure frequency among PWE who had difficulty obtaining medicine and access to healthcare.

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