Emergent Pragmatic Conventions in Spoken ELF Corpus Data: Micro-Diachronic Analysis of Inclusive vs. Exclusive Multilingual Practices.

This article examines multilingual practices as an example of emergent pragmatic conventions in three Transient International Groups (TIGs) using spoken English as a lingua franca (ELF) from the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE). The analysis combines principles of corpus linguistics and conversation analysis by adopting a new approach for the micro-diachronic analysis of spoken interaction. Quantitative and qualitative evidence and micro-diachronic visualizations of VOICE transcripts show how the three groups examined interactively develop group-specific multilingual practices. The analysis reveals that the three groups have different preferences in this respect. While two groups develop inclusive multilingual practices in the course of their interaction, one group shows a tendency to use multilingual practices exclusively, primarily in side sequences. In addition to multilingual use, the presence or absence of metalinguistic discussions about language (and languages) plays a role for creation of shared transcultural territory and the formation of group identity. These processes are indicative of how unacquainted multilingual speakers negotiate and develop pragmatic conventions more generally.

[Stomatitis migrans].

Die stomatitis migrans ist eine oft beobachtete benigne Normvariante der Mundschleimhaut mit einer Prävalenz von 1.0-2.5%, wobei sie bei jungen Erwachsenen deutlich höher ist. Frauen sind häufiger betroffen. Die Ätiologie ist unbekannt, kommt aber in gleichen Familien gehäuft vor. Klinisch zeigen sich demarkierte, erythematöse Areale, die teilweise von einem gelblichen Saum umrandet sind.

Ecological perspectives on female and male reproductive success with competition in two Serapias species.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The deceptive strategies by which orchids are pollinated and how these are capable of attracting pollinators remain understudied with regard to their implications for plant fitness. Despite their ecological importance, limited investigations have been conducted on sexual deception and shelter mimicry in orchid species, making this a compelling avenue in orchid biology research. To expand the knowledge of these reproductive mechanisms, we studied the pollination of Serapias lingua and S. parviflora in co-occurring and isolated sites in the Balearic Islands (Spain), further accentuated by the presence of a hybrid, indicating shared pollinators. METHODS: We employed bagging and hand pollination experiments to examine the reproductive biology of the two species. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of phenotypical and ecological factors on reproductive success, including biometric measurements, reproductive performance and neighbourhood diversity (co-flowering and pollinator communities). KEY RESULTS: Reproductive mechanisms between these two orchid species exhibit substantial disparities. Serapias lingua relies primarily on insect-mediated pollination, while S. parviflora demonstrates self-reproduction capacity. Although events of open pollination are rare, hybridization occurs predominantly when S. lingua is the pollen donor. Fruit set in S. parviflora was positively correlated with plant height, while in S. lingua it was negatively associated with flower size. The coexistence of the two species positively affected pollinium removal in S. parviflora, but did not exert an influence on reproductive traits in S. lingua. Overall, biometric parameters were diminished in isolated compared with co-occurring sites. At the community level, the increased diversity of co-flowering species in the vicinity exhibited an inhibitory effect on pollinium removal in S. parviflora. CONCLUSIONS: Under a context of pollinator loss or phenological mismatch between pollinator presence and flowering, the selfing capacity of S. parviflora would guarantee reproduction whereas S. lingua survival would be compromised. Furthers studies are needed to assess the effects of phenotypical and ecological factors on reproductive success of S. lingua in pollinator-decline scenarios.

Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Càmbess.) Eichler leaves aqueous extract improves colon inflammation through mucogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in TNBS- induced IBD rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler, a member of the Salicaceae family, holds a prominent place in traditional medicine across various cultures due to its versatile therapeutic properties. Historically, indigenous communities have utilized different parts of the plant, including leaves, bark, and roots, to address a wide array of health conditions. Traditional uses of C. sylvestris var. lingua encompasses the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, wound healing, inflammation, and stomach ulcers. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated the plant's antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. This signifies the first scientific validation report for C. sylvestris var. lingua regarding its effectiveness against ulcerative colitis. The report aims to affirm the traditional use of this plant through pre-clinical experiments. AIM OF THE RESEARCH: This work uses an aqueous extract from C. sylvestris var. lingua leaves (AECs) to evaluate the acute anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy in rat and HT-29 (human colorectal cancer cell line) models. METHODS: To determine the secondary metabolites of AECs, liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) study was carried out. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg/0.25 mL EtOH 30% v/v) was used as an enema to cause acute colitis. Three days were spent giving the C. sylvestris var. lingua extract orally by gavage at dosages of 3, 30, and 300 mg/kg. The same route was used to deliver distilled water to the vehicle and naïve groups. After the animals were sacrificed on the fourth day, intestinal tissues were taken for histological examination and evaluation of biochemical tests such as those measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Additionally, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), were conducted on the intestinal tissues. Additionally, an MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of AECs on the viability of HT-29 cells. Additionally, a molecular docking study was carried out to compare some potential target proteins with identified chemicals found in AECs. RESULTS: LC-DAD analysis identified five compounds (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) in AECs. Pre-administration of AECs (3; 30; 300 mg/kg) and mesalazine (500 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic scores (55%, 47%, 45%, and 52%, p < 0.001) and ulcerated areas (70.3%, 70.5%, 57%, and 56%, p < 0.001), respectively. It also increased SOD, GSH, and CAT activities (p < 0.01), while decreasing MDA (p < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (p < 0.05), and MPO (p < 0.001) activities compared to the colitis group. Concerning inflammatory markers, significant modulations were observed: AECs (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) lowered levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α (p < 0.001) and increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.001) compared to the colitis groups. The viability of HT-29 cells was suppressed by AECs with an IC50 of 195.90 ± 0.01 µg/mL (48 h). During the molecular docking analysis, quercetin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and ellagic acid demonstrated consistent binding affinities, forming stable interactions with the 3w3l (TLR8) and the 3ds6 (MAPK14) complexes. CONCLUSION: These results imply that the intestinal mucogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the C. sylvestris var. lingua leaf extract may be involved in its therapeutic actions for ulcerative colitis. The results of the in silico study point to the possibility of quercetin and ellagic acid interacting with P38 and TLR8, respectively, in a beneficial way.

A Case Report of a Co-Amoxiclav-Induced Black Hairy Tongue.

A black hairy tongue is a benign, self-limiting condition characterized by the discolouration of the tongue due to defective desquamation. Clinical presentation varies, with most cases being asymptomatic although aesthetically unpleasant to the patient. Prevalence varies geographically, ranging from 0.6% to 11.3%. It can be triggered by various factors such as medications, smoking, alcohol, poor oral hygiene, or even underlying systemic conditions such as malignancy. Several antibiotics such as doxycycline, erythromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, metronidazole, and piperacillin-tazobactam, have been reported to cause black hairy tongues. Onset can range from a few weeks to as long as five weeks. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment with a good history and visual examination. Definitive treatment remains unclear, but the condition typically improves by identifying and discontinuing the causative agent and maintaining adequate oral hygiene. Complications are rare, and the prognosis is excellent. This case report aims to raise awareness of the association between the black hairy tongue and co-amoxiclav, which may impose additional burdens on patients, healthcare providers, and the health system if failed to be recognized and treated appropriately.

Verbal and nonverbal disagreement in an ELF academic discussion task.

Recent English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) studies have examined the linguistic features of disagreements during interactive academic tasks and casual conversations. Fewer studies, however, have explored nonverbal cues of disagreement, and even less is known about how interlocutors perceive disagreements. Therefore, using data from a corpus of ELF interaction, this study examined the verbal features and visual cues used by ELF university students to disagree during an academic discussion task. The disagreement episodes were selected through a content analysis of stimulated recall protocols in which a speaker stated that a disagreement had occurred. Transcripts were analyzed to classify the speaker's verbal strategies as being mitigated or unmitigated. Video recordings were examined for facial expressions, body movements, and hand gestures. Findings revealed that ELF students used mitigated linguistic strategies, such as hedges, during disagreement while gaze aversion, smiling, and head nods were the most frequent nonverbal cues. The stimulated recall data showed that disagreements were perceived as an opportunity to listen, think, and share different opinions. Implications are discussed in terms of how to interpret features of disagreement in language classrooms.

O Homem Que Calculava em Libras: Tradução, Contação de História e Matemática / The Man Who Counted in Libras: Translation, Storytelling and Mathematics

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender os desafios e as possibilidades de tradução e contação em Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) das histórias presentes no livro O homem que Calculava, do escritor modernista brasileiro Malba Tahan. Tratase de uma investigação qualitativa que se debruçou sobre o processo de tradução audiovisual das histórias presentes no livro, as adaptações feitas em suas narrativas, os recursos de preparação para a produção e edição dos vídeos, a implementação de recursos gráficos e visuais e, por fim, sua divulgação como produto da pesquisa. As análises indicam o potencial didático que emerge na interação entre os envolvidos no processo de tradução das histórias: professores, intérpretes e discentes (surdo e ouvinte), possibilitando formas de expressão artísticas que exploram a visualidade inerente da língua de sinais aliada a recursos gráficos, tomando as narrativas como elemento central para o desenvolvimento criativo ancorado no ensino da Matemática por meio da leitura e da interpretação de histórias.

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to understand the challenges and possibilities of translation and storytelling in the Brazilian Sign Language (known by the acronym LIBRAS) of the stories present in the book O homem que calculava [The man who counted] by the Brazilian modernist writer Malba Tahan. This is a qualitative investigation that focused on the audiovisual translation process of the stories present in the book, on the adaptations made in its narratives, the preparation resources for the production and editing of the videos, the implementation of graphic and visual resources and, finally, its dissemination as a research product. The analyzes indicate the didactic potential that emerges in the interaction between those involved in the process of translating the stories: teachers, interpreters and students (deaf and hearing), enabling forms of artistic expression that explore the inherent visuality of sign language combined with graphic resources, taking the narratives as a central element for the creative development anchored in the teaching of Mathematics through the reading and interpretation of stories.

Participação do Secretariado Permanente do Fórum de Macau em iniciativas de Saúde Global entre 2015 e 2022 / Participation of the Permanent Secretariat of Forum Macao in Global Health initiatives between 2015 and 2022

Resumo O Fórum para a Cooperação Econômica e Comercial entre a China e os Países de Língua Portuguesa, mais conhecido como Fórum de Macau, fundado em 2003, atua há 20 anos como elo entre a China e os países lusófonos. Desde 2016, o Secretariado Permanente do Fórum de Macau publica um anuário destacando as principais atividades realizadas pelo mesmo no ano anterior. Este artigo tem como foco analisar o papel do Fórum de Macau como organizador e mediador de iniciativas de Saúde Global através da análise de todos os artigos publicados em seus anuários entre 2016 e 2023. Foram encontradas 34 ocorrências de artigos tratando de algum tema relacionado à área da saúde, com quase dois terços relacionados à medicina tradicional chinesa, relatos de organização frequente de atividades que fomentam a cooperação internacional em saúde, além de uma ativa participação durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de Covid-19. O Fórum de Macau é uma plataforma multilateral de diálogo entre a China, Macau e o mundo de fala portuguesa, tendo a pauta da saúde e a divulgação da medicina tradicional chinesa ocupado um espaço de destaque em seu anuário.

Abstract The Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries, better known as Forum Macao, founded in 2003, has been acting as a link between China and Portuguese-speaking countries for 20 years. Since 2016, the Permanent Secretariat of Forum Macao has published a yearbook highlighting the main activities it carried out in the previous year. This article focuses on analyzing Forum Macao's role as an organizer and mediator of Global Health initiatives by analyzing all the articles published in its yearbooks between 2016 and 2023. We found 34 articles dealing with a health-related topic, with almost two thirds related to traditional Chinese medicine, reports of frequent organization of activities that foster international cooperation in health, as well as active participation during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. Forum Macao is a multilateral platform for dialogue between China, Macao and the Portuguese-speaking world, with the health agenda and the dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine occupying a prominent place in its yearbook.

Ecology needs to overcome siloed modelling.

Bahlburg et al. re-implemented eight growth models of Antarctic krill and showed that their predictions are all over the place. The authors discuss the reasons for this and how more coherence in modelling could be achieved through systematic model comparison and integration. For this, we need a common language.

Casearia Essential Oil: An Updated Review on the Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities.

Casearia species are found in the America, Africa, Asia, and Australia and present pharmacological activities, besides their traditional uses. Here, we reviewed the chemical composition, content, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of the essential oils (EOs) from Casearia species. The EO physical parameters and leaf botanical characteristics were also described. The bioactivities of the EOs from the leaves and their components include cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral activities. The main components associated with these activities are the α-zingiberene, (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, α-humulene, ß-acoradiene, and δ-cadinene. Data on the toxicity of these EOs are scarce in the literature. Casearia sylvestris Sw. is the most studied species, presenting more significant pharmacological potential. The chemical variability of EOs components was also investigated for this species. Caseria EOs have relevant pharmacological potential and must be further investigated and exploited.

Carga das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis nos Países de Língua Portuguesa / The burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Portuguese Language Countries

Resumo Foram analisadas tendências da mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) entre 1990 e 2019, as projeções até 2030 e os fatores de risco atribuíveis a estas doenças na Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP). Utilizou-se estimativas do estudo Carga Global de Doenças e análise da carga de mortalidade prematura por DCNT para nove países da CPLP, utilizando taxas padronizadas por idade, usando-se RStudio. Portugal, Brasil, Guiné Equatorial, Angola e Guiné Bissau apresentam taxas de mortalidade prematura por DCNT em declínio e; Timor Leste, Cabo Verde, São Tomé e Príncipe e Moçambique apresentaram aumento das taxas. As projeções indicam que nenhum dos países deverá atingir as metas de redução em um terço da mortalidade prematura por DCNT até 2030. A carga de doença atribuível mostrou que os fatores de riscos mais importantes em 2019 foram: pressão arterial sistólica elevada, tabaco, riscos dietéticos, índice de massa corporal elevado e poluição do ar. Conclui-se pelas profundas diferenças na carga de DCNT entre os países, com melhores resultados em Portugal e Brasil e que nenhum país do CPLP deverá atingir a meta de redução das DCNT até 2030.

Abstract The present study analyzed trends in premature mortality from Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 1990 and 2019, the projections up to 2030, and the risk factors (RFs) attributable to these diseases in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the analysis of the burden of premature mortality due to NCDs were used for nine CPLP countries, applying age-standardized rates, using RStudio. Portugal, Brazil, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, and Guinea Bissau showed declining premature mortality rates caused by NCDs, while East Timor, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Mozambique showed an increase in rates. Projections indicate that none of the countries is expected to achieve the goals of reducing premature mortality due to NCDs by one third by 2030. The attributable burden of disease showed that the most important RFs in 2019 were: high systolic blood pressure (SBP), tobacco, dietary risks, high body mass index (BMI), and air pollution. It can therefore be concluded that there are profound differences in the burden of NCDs among the countries, with better results in Portugal and Brazil, and that no CPLP country is likely to reach the NCD reduction target by 2030.

Diferença entre os vocábulos bucal e oral na terminologia odontológica e seus significados na língua portuguesa / Difference between oral and oral vocables in dental terminology and their meanings in portuguese language

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi discutir sobre a diferença entre os termos bucal e oral na Odontologia, tendo como respaldo a Língua Portuguesa. A metodologia bibliográfica buscou se ancorar em teóricos da linguagem e da Odontologia para investigar a diferença entre tais palavras. Após leitura de textos que versaram sobre essas vertentes, observamos que a principal diferença residiu na origem das palavras bucca e os, originárias do latim clássico e vulgar, respectivamente, com significados distintos. Todavia, ao migrarem para o português, os falantes escolheram o termo bucca em detrimento de os, o qual ainda hoje é usado ao lado de oral, com sentidos semelhantes. Notamos, ainda, que para os profissionais da saúde seria importante padronizar a terminologia, pois facilitaria a compreensão desses termos para pacientes e profissionais de outras áreas, tais como os tradutores; por outro lado, ficou nítido que, em alguns momentos, a unificação terminológica seria mais difícil, pois os contextos de uso teriam que ser mudados. Por fim, destacamos que estudar estes vocábulos no contexto da Odontologia é importante para que tanto pacientes quanto os profissionais de saúde, ou de áreas similares conheçam a peculiar diferença(AU)

The objective of the present work was to discuss the difference between the terms oral and oral in Dentistry, based on the Portuguese language. The bibliographic methodology sought to anchor in language and dentistry theorists to investigate the difference between such words. After reading texts that dealt with these aspects, we observed that the main difference resided in the origin of the word bucca and os, originating from classical and vulgar Latin, respectively, with different meanings. However, when migrating to Portuguese, the speakers chose the term bucca over os, which is still used alongside oral, with similar meanings. We also noted that for health professionals it would be important to standardize the terminology, as it would facilitate the understanding of these terms for patients and professionals from other areas, such as translators; on the other hand, it was clear that at times, terminological unification would be more difficult, as the contexts of use would have to be changed. Finally, we emphasize that studying these words in the context of Dentistry is important so that both patients and health professionals, or from similar areas, know the peculiar difference(AU)

Antimicrobial activity of violacein against oral bacteria associated with halitosis: an in vitro study

Introduction: violacein is a natural purple pigment produced by environmental bacteria that presents antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. Intraoral halitosis (IOH) is a condition defined by the unpleasant odor emanating from the mouth, whose main source are volatile sulfur compounds, produced by Gram-negative oral bacteria on the tongue coating. In IOH treatment, antimicrobials have been indicated as chemical adjuncts, including natural products. Objective: thus, this study tested the antimicrobial activity of a violacein extract on key IOH-related bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Solobacterium moorei). Materials and Methods: bacteria were cultured in fastidious anaerobe blood agar in anaerobiosis, and 109 cells/ml suspensions were plated. Crude extract of violacein obtained from Chromobacterium violaceum was diluted in a 25% ethanol aqueous solution to 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/ml. Using the disk agar diffusion method, 10 µl aliquots of each dilution were deposited on the seeded plates. Chlorohexidine (0.1%) and 25% ethanol solution were used as controls. Plates were incubated in anaerobiosis at 37°C for 72h, and the inhibition halos were recorded. Results: although chlorhexidine showed higher inhibition halos than the violacein extract, most species were inhibited at 4 and 8 mg/ml concentrations (p<0.05). P. gingivalis followed by F. nucleatum were the most affected species in relation to the other bacteria, although statistical significance was only reached for P. gingivalis (p<0.05). Conclusion: crude violacein extract from C. violaceum demonstrated antimicrobial activity against IOH-associated oral bacteria, being a potential antimicrobial to be studied as an adjunct in the control of IOH.

Introdução: a violaceína é um pigmento roxo natural produzido por bactérias ambientais que apresenta ação antimicrobiana, particularmente contra bactérias Gram-positivas. A halitose intraoral (HIO) é uma condição definida pelo odor desagradável que emana da boca, cuja principal fonte são os compostos sulfurados voláteis produzidos por bactérias Gram-negativas da saburra lingual. No tratamento da HIO, antimicrobianos têm sido indicados como adjuvantes, incluindo produtos naturais. Objetivo: assim, este estudo avaliou o potencial antimicrobiano de um extrato de violaceína em patógenos-chave da HIO (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Solobacterium moorei). Materiais e Métodos: bactérias foram cultivadas em meio ágar sangue para fastidiosos, em anaerobiose, e suspensões de 109 células/ml foram semeadas. O extrato bruto de violaceína obtido de Chromobacterium violaceum foi diluído em solução aquosa com 25% de etanol nas concentrações de 8, 4, 2, 1, 0,5 e 0,25 mg/ml. Através do método de disco difusão, 10 µl de cada diluição foram depositados nas placas semeadas. A clorexidina (0,1%) e a solução etanólica a 25% foram usadas como controles. As placas foram incubadas em anaerobiose a 37°C por 72h, e os halos de inibição foram registrados. Resultados: embora a clorexidina tenha apresentado os maiores halos de inibição do do que o extrato, a maioria das espécies foi inibida nas concentrações de 4 e 8 mg/ml (p<0,05). P. gingivalis e F. nucleatum foram as espécies mais afetadas em relação às outras bactérias, porém só foi observada significância estatística para P. gingivalis (p<0,05). Conclusão: o extrato bruto de violaceína de C. violaceum demonstrou atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias orais associadas a HIO, sendo um potencial antimicrobiano a ser estudado como adjuvante no controle da HIO.

English linguistic neo-imperialism in the era of globalization: A conceptual viewpoint.

As Phillipson warned, "[l]inguistic imperialism [is] alive and kicking" and has become even more subtle in an era when English has become the global lingua franca. With this, this conceptual paper aims to propose features of linguistic neo-imperialism by describing how English has continuously spread and retained its power in various domains particularly in periphery countries, whether ex-colonies or non-colonies. Broadly, we highlight these features from the aspects of communication, business, academia, and education. The features of English linguistic neo-imperialism are interrelated and interactive in these fields, reinforcing the current dominant position of English. We then proceed with drawing implications for the local languages, particularly in their preservation and use alongside English and other dominant lingua francas.

Estratégias de comunicação dos profissionais de saúde com pessoas com deficiência auditiva: revisão integrativa / Communication strategies employed by health professionals with hearing impaired people: an integrative review / Estrategias de comunicación de los profesionales de la salud con las personas con discapacidad auditiva: revisión integradora

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar estudos na literatura científica sobre a comunicação dos profissionais de saúde entre pessoas com deficiência auditiva na prestação do cuidado. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em fevereiro/2021, em 14 bases de dados e busca manual, sem recorte temporal, nos idiomas português, inglês, espanhol, através dos descritores Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva e Profissionais de Saúde e suas variações, sem delimitação de contexto. A análise dos resultados deu-se pela organização em grupos temáticos conforme sua frequência. Resultados: 16 estudos foram selecionados, destacando-se os resultados: uso da escrita e mímica como principais estratégias de comunicação; falta de qualificação dos profissionais para uma comunicação efetiva, sendo o uso de LIBRAS a forma menos utilizada; e, sentimento de insegurança, bloqueio, incapacidade que profissionais vivenciam na comunicação com pessoas com deficiência auditiva. Conclusão: é necessário investir na qualificação dos profissionais de saúde em LIBRAS tornando a comunicação mais eficaz, contribuindo para a melhoria da prática assistencial.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify studies in the scientific literature on the communication between health professionals and hearing impaired people during care provision. Method: an integrative review carried out in February 2021 in 14 databases and with manual search, without time frame, in Portuguese, English, Spanish and through the Hearing Impaired People and Health Professionals descriptors and their variations, without context delimitation. The results were analyzed by organizing them into thematic groups according to their frequency. Results: a total of 16 studies were selected, with the following results standing out: use of writing and mimicry as main communication strategies; non-qualification of the professionals for effective communication, with the use of LIBRAS as the least used means; and feelings of insecurity, blockage and disability experienced by the professionals in communicating with hearing impaired people. Conclusion: it is necessary to invest in health professionals' qualification in LIBRAS, making communication more effective and contributing to improvements in the care practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar estudios en la literatura científica sobre la comunicación entre los profesionales de la salud y las personas con deficiencia auditiva en la prestación de cuidados. Método: revisión integradora realizada en febrero de 2021, en 14 bases de datos y búsqueda manual, sin recorte temporal, en portugués, inglés y español, a través de los descriptores Personas con discapacidad auditiva y Profesionales de la Salud y sus variantes, sin delimitación de contexto. El análisis de los resultados se realizó organizándolos en grupos temáticos en función de la frecuencia. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 16 estudios, se destacaron los resultados: uso de la escritura y la mímica como principales estrategias de comunicación; falta de cualificación de los profesionales para lograr una comunicación efectiva, el LIBRAS es la forma menos utilizada; y, sentimiento de inseguridad, bloqueo, incapacidad que experimentan los profesionales en la comunicación con personas con deficiencia auditiva. Conclusión: es necesario invertir en la capacitación de los profesionales de la salud en LIBRAS para que haya una comunicación más efectiva que contribuya a mejorar la práctica asistencial.

Enxerto de tecido mole ceratinizado com ancoragem externa em região interforaminal em mandíbula / Keratinized soft tissue graft with external anchorage in the interforaminal region in the mandible

A reabilitação do paciente com reabsorção severa do rebordo mandibular é uma questão desafiadora na prática cirúrgica devido aos problemas presentes em relação a retenção e estabilidade da prótese. Como consequência apresenta um vestíbulo lingual e vestibular raso, inserções musculares mais próximas ou no nível da crista do rebordo juntamente com a falta de mucosa aderida queratinizada, cujo são considerados fatores de risco para o sucesso em longo prazo dos implantes dentários. Para a eliminação dessas interferências é indicado a cirurgia, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever uma abordagem cirúrgica modificada de enxerto de mucosa palatina acompanhada de uma vestibuloplastia e sulcoplastia lingual simultâneo ao reposicionamento dos ductos das glândulas sublinguais, para aumentar a profundidade do vestíbulo lingual/bucal raso, corrigindo o posicionamento dos ductos das glândulas sublinguais e ganho de tecido queratinizado ao redor dos implantes dentários previamente instalados. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada foi uma revisão da literatura pertinente atualizada e descrição de um relato de caso clínico de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 60 anos de idade, que se submeteu a cirurgia de enxerto de mucosa palatina, seguida de uma vestibuloplastia e sulcoplastia lingual simultaneamente ao reposicionamento dos ductos das glândulas sublinguais, com ancoragem externa em região interforaminal em mandíbula. Finalizando o tratamento com a entrega das próteses sobre os implantes do tipo protocolo em região inferior e nova prótese total removível superior. Concluiu-se ser o enxerto de mucosa palatina com ancoragem externa em região interforaminal, simultâneos a vestibuloplastia e sulcoplastia lingual se mostra como uma abordagem efetiva para aumentar a profundidade vestibular e lingual, com ganho de tecido queratinizado ao redor dos implantes, em rebordo mandibular gravemente reabsorvido. Além disso, proporciona o reposicionamento dos ductos das glândulas sublinguais.

The rehabilitation of the patient with severe resorption of the mandibular ridge is a challenging issue in surgical practice due to the present problems regarding retention and stability of the prosthesis. As it consequently presents a shallow lingual and buccal vestibule, muscle insertions closer to or at the level of the crest of the ridge together with the lack of adherent keratinized mucosa, which are considered risk factors for the long-term success of dental implants. For the elimination of these interferences, surgery is indicated, the objective of this study is to describe a modified surgical approach of grafting of the palatal mucosa accompanied by a vestibuloplasty and lingual sulcoplasty simultaneously with the repositioning of the ducts of the sublingual glands, to increase the depth of the lingual/buccal vestibule shallow, correcting the positioning of the ducts of the sublingual glands and gain of keratinized tissue around the previously installed dental implants. To this end, the methodology adopted was a review of the relevant updated literature and description of a clinical case report of a female patient, 60 years old, who underwent palatine mucosal graft surgery, followed by a vestibuloplasty and lingual sulcoplasty simultaneously with the repositioning of the ducts of the sublingual glands, with external anchorage in the interforaminal region of the mandible. Finishing the treatment with the delivery of the prostheses on the protocol-type implants in the lower region and a new upper removable total prosthesis. It was concluded that the graft of the palatal mucosa with external anchorage in the interforaminal region, simultaneous to vestibuloplasty and lingual sulcoplasty, is an effective approach to increase buccal and lingual depth, with gain of keratinized tissue around the implants, in severely affected mandibular ridges. reabsorbed. In addition, it provides repositioning of the ducts of the sublingual glands.

Aplicação da ultrassonografia no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de língua / Application of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of tongue cancer

O câncer oral é um problema de saúde pública global e a taxa de sobrevivência para pacientes com câncer de língua tem permanecido relativamente inalterada e insatisfatória, alcançando somente cerca de 50% após cinco anos de acompanhamento. A cirurgia associada ou não à radioterapia permanece como a abordagem terapêutica predominante, com o estadiamento clínico sendo um parâmetro essencial para a estratificação de risco de óbito para os pacientes acometidos. No entanto, a avaliação precisa de características clínicas e microscópicas com potencial de determinação prognóstica é desafiadora, e as técnicas de imagem, como a ultrassonografia, tem sido propostas como importantes auxiliares, apesar de sua eficácia na análise de diferentes características da neoplasia permanecer um campo de amplo debate na literatura. Assim, esta revisão de escopo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência e aplicabilidade da ultrassonografia no manejo clínico do câncer de língua. Utilizou-se uma estratégia de busca aplicada a diferentes bases de dados eletrônicas, como Scopus, Web of Science e Pubmed/MEDLINE, além do Google Scholar como base de literatura cinzenta. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram construídos e aplicados para selecionar os estudos mais relevantes para o objetivo do estudo. Ao término do processo de seleção de artigos, um total de 47 estudos foi incluído na presente revisão e investigou-se o uso da ultrassonografia em diferentes momentos clínicos de manejo do câncer de língua, incluindo pré-, trans- e pós-operatório. Os resultados demonstraram que a ultrassonografia foi utilizada e se mostrou confiável para avaliar a espessura e a extensão de profundidade microscópica do tumor, para a identificação de metástases linfonodais, para determinar o status das margens cirúrgicas tumorais e para monitorar o tratamento no contexto pós-operatório. Além disso, a técnica Doppler de ultrassom proporcionou informações valiosas sobre o fluxo sanguíneo na artéria lingual profunda, auxiliando na identificação de áreas com maior neovascularização. Portanto, este estudo ressaltou a importância da ultrassonografia no manejo clínico do câncer de língua, fornecendo dados confiáveis sobre importantes parametros prognósticos, sendo uma ferramenta útil que pode melhorar o índice de sobrevida dos pacientes.

Oral cancer is a global public health problem and the survival rate for patients with tongue cancer has remained relatively unchanged and unsatisfactory, reaching only about 50% after five years of follow-up. Surgery with or without radiotherapy remains the predominant therapeutic approach, with clinical staging being an essential parameter for stratifying the risk of death for affected patients. However, the accurate assessment of clinical and microscopic features with potential for prognostic determination is challenging, and imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography, have been proposed as important aids, although their effectiveness in the analysis of different characteristics of the neoplasm remains a field of wide debate in the literature. Thus, this scope review aimed to evaluate the efficiency and applicability of ultrasound in the clinical management of tongue cancer. A search strategy was applied to different electronic databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed/MEDLINE, in addition to Google Scholar as a gray literature base. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were constructed and applied to select the most relevant studies for the purpose of the study. At the end of the article selection process, a total of 47 studies were included in this review and investigated the use of ultrasound in different clinical moments of tongue cancer management, including pre-, trans- and postoperative. The results demonstrated that ultrasonography was used and proved to be reliable for assessing the thickness and microscopic depth of the tumor, for identifying lymph node metastases, for determining the status of tumor surgical margins, and for monitoring treatment in the postoperative context. In addition, the Doppler ultrasound technique provided valuable information about blood flow in the deep lingual artery, helping to identify areas with increased neovascularization. Therefore, this study highlighted the importance of ultrasound in the clinical management of tongue cancer, providing reliable data on important prognostic parameters, being a useful tool that can improve the survival rate of patients.

Exploring students' performance using lingua franca in science education: a study of grade ten students in Capiz, Philippines.

Background: Currently global competitiveness is the main thrust of the country's education department, raising the quality of education in the Philippines has become a priority for government officials, who see it as one way to address other teaching and learning challenges. Hence, this quasi-experimental research aimed to determine the influence of lingua franca-based and English-based instruction on the science performance of Grade ten students. Methods: The respondents of this study were forty-six Grade ten students out of the total population of fifty-three. Out of the forty-six respondents, twenty-three students were assigned to the experimental group and were taught using lingua franca-based instruction, and the remaining twenty-three were taught using English-based instruction. A researcher-made test was prepared and underwent validity and reliability tests. Mean was used to determine the science performance of the students, t-Test was used to test the significant difference between the students' science performance before and after teaching using lingua franca-based instruction and English-based instruction, and Cohen's d was used to compare two means in determining the effect size. Results: It was found that both groups exhibited fairly satisfactory science performance in the pre-test, and in the post-test, the control group reveals satisfactory Science performance while the experimental group shows very satisfactory science performance. No significant difference was determined between the pre-tests of both groups and significant differences were determined between the pre-test and post-test of both groups, and in the post-test of both groups, a large size effect was obtained in using the lingua franca-based medium of instruction on the science performance of the students. Conclusions: Hence, the practice of Lingua Franca-based instruction exhibits positive and desirable results in improving the performance of the students.