Maternal and paternal effects on hyperuricaemia: a cross-sectional study from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

OBJECTIVE: As the heritability of hyperuricaemia remains largely unexplained, we analysed the association between parental and offspring hyperuricaemia at the phenotype level. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included data on 2373 offspring and both-parent pairs from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression and generalised estimating equation analysis were used to evaluate the association between offspring and parental hyperuricaemia adjusting for metabolic risk factors and alcohol intake. RESULTS: Both maternal and paternal hyperuricaemia were associated with offspring hyperuricaemia among teenagers, but from the age of 20 years, a strong association was observed between offspring and paternal, rather than, maternal hyperuricaemia, and this could not be explained by metabolic risk factors such as obesity. However, there was a positive interaction between offspring alcohol intake and parental hyperuricaemia, and there was a stronger association between terciles of offspring alcohol intake and hyperuricaemia in the presence of parental hyperuricaemia: T1 (reference), T2 odds ratio (OR) 1.1 (0.3-4.6), and T3 OR 3.3 (1.4-7.9) (P for trend .017) vs. T1 (reference), T2 OR 0.7 (0.3-1.9), and T3 OR 1.1 (0.6-2.2) (P for trend .974). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a gene-environment interaction, especially with respect to alcohol intake for hyperuricaemia in Korean adults.

Effect of soy on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are currently the commonest cause of death worldwide. Different strategies for their primary prevention have been planned, taking into account the main known risk factors, which include an atherogenic lipid profile and visceral fat excess. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized, parallel, single-center study with a nutritional intervention duration of 12 weeks. Whole soy foods corresponding to 30 g/day soy protein were given in substitution of animal foods containing the same protein amount. RESULTS: Soy nutritional intervention resulted in a reduction in the number of MetS features in 13/26 subjects. Moreover, in the soy group we observed a significant improvement of median percentage changes for body weight (-1.5 %) and BMI (-1.5 %), as well as for atherogenic lipid markers, namely TC (-4.85 %), LDL-C (-5.25 %), non-HDL-C (-7.14 %) and apoB (-14.8 %). Since the majority of the studied variables were strongly correlated, three factors were identified which explained the majority (52 %) of the total variance in the whole data set. Among them, factor 1, which loaded lipid and adipose variables, explained the 22 % of total variance, showing a statistically significant difference between treatment arms (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of whole soy foods (corresponding to 30 g/day protein) in a lipid-lowering diet significantly improved a relevant set of biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk.