Effect of kesse, koseret, and tosign extract treatments on the oxidative stability of oil during the repeated frying of potato chips.

Fried food safety and quality are crucial concerns for consumers and the food industry due to the deterioration of oil quality and the loss of sensory properties during repeated frying. The current study investigated the use of leaf extracts from endemic dietary herbs: kesse (Lippia adoensis var. adoensis), koseret (Lippia adoensis var. koseret), and tosign (Thymus schimperi Ronninger) to enhance oil quality during the repeated frying of potato chips. The analysis of various parameters, including free fatty acids (FFA), iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), viscosity, and color (L*, a*, and b*), was conducted after every 5th frying cycle to assess oil quality. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) decreases in deterioration markers for oils treated with herb extracts compared to the control oils. Specifically, after 20 frying cycles, oils treated with the dietary herb extracts exhibited lower percentage of FFA (0.63-1.05), IV (51.7-46.7), PV (6.69-7.68), and TBARS (50.27-56.08) compared to the control. The herb-treated oils also maintained lower FFA, PV, and TBARS values throughout the frying cycles and reduced viscosity, while IV gradually decreased. Furthermore, the L* value decreased gradually, and a* and b* values increased as the number of frying cycles increased. The herb extracts provided better protection against degradation compounds compared to BHT-treated and control oils, which was attributed to their lower FFA and PV. Sensory analysis indicated that potato chips fried in kesse extract-treated oil were the most preferred, followed by those treated with tosign extract. These findings highlight the potential application of herb extracts to increasing oil stability during repeated frying cycles, which add value at the interface between culinary excellence and health perspectives. Natural antioxidants from endemic herbs can maintain oil quality, reduce harmful compounds, and enhance the sensory properties of fried foods, making them a promising alternative to synthetic antioxidants.

Online identification of potential antioxidant components and evaluation of DNA oxidative damage protection ability in Prunus persica flowers.

A high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-visible detector-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-total antioxidant capacity determination (HPLC-UVD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS-TACD) new online technique was developed for efficient screening of potential antioxidant active components in Prunus persica flowers (PPF) from 4 origins. Through this online system, 46 compounds were initially identified, while 20 compounds with DPPH binding activity and 21 compounds with FRAP binding activity were detected. The antioxidant activities of 9 compounds obtained from the screening were then validated in DNA oxidative damage protection study. The results showed that this online system can cope well with the complexity of the samples. This also provides technical basis for rapid screening of antioxidant resources of PPF. In short, this study made the chemical composition of PPF more abundant and its potential antioxidant active compounds more explicit, which provided new ideas for the detection and development of natural antioxidants and provided scientific basis for PPF as functional food.

Combined pulsed electric field-ultrasound assisted extraction of yarrow phenolic-rich ingredients and their nanoliposomal encapsulation for improving the oxidative stability of sesame oil.

In this research, yarrow phenolic-rich extract was produced using pulsed electric field (PEF)-ultrasound assisted technology. The highest extraction efficiency (5.99 %) was obtained at 6.25 kV/cm of PEF and the sonication time of 60 min. As the PEF intensity and sonication time rose, the total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric-reducing power (RP) of the extracts increased. The PEF intensity of 2.70 kV/cm and sonication time of 45.83 min were the optimum extraction conditions resulting in the highest extraction efficiency, TPC, and RP. Then, this optimum extract was loaded into nanoliposomes. At higher extract levels, the encapsulation efficiency lowered, while the particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of the nanoliposomal samples elevated. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the successful encapsulation of yarrow extract into nanoliposomal carriers; the sample containing the extract had the highest enthalpy (3600 J/g) and nanoliposomes loaded with yarrow antioxidant extract (0.11 mL/mg) was the optimum sample. Finally, the sesame oil containing 500 ppm free and nanoliposome extract, as well as the sample with 200 ppm BHT were evaluated for oxidative stability. The highest oxidation stability (14.21 h) belonged to the oil containing nanoliposomal yarrow phenolic extract.

Thermal Stability of Highly Filled Cellulosic Biocomposites Based on Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer.

The effect of plant-based fillers on thermal resistance in highly filled biocomposites based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was studied. Wood flour and microcrystalline cellulose were used as fillers. It was shown that the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose into EVA did not affect the thermal stability of the polymer matrix. In contrast, the introduction of wood flour into EVA led to a significant increase in the thermal stability of the entire biocomposite. Oxidation induction time increased from 0 (pure EVA) to 73 min (EVA + wood flour biocomposites). The low-molecular weight phenolic compounds contained in wood flour are likely able to diffuse into the polymer matrix, exerting a stabilizing effect. The discovered stabilizing effect is a positive development for expanding the possibilities of technological processing of biocomposites, including multiple processing.

The Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that causes liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is also an independent risk factor for non-communicable diseases. In 2020, a proposal was made to refer to it as "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)", with concise diagnostic criteria. Given its widespread occurrence, its treatment is crucial. Increased levels of oxidative stress cause this disease. This review aims to evaluate various studies on antioxidant therapies for patients with MAFLD. A comprehensive search for relevant research was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases, resulting in the identification of 87 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In total, 31.1% of human studies used natural antioxidants, 53.3% used synthetic antioxidants, and 15.5% used both natural and synthetic antioxidants. In human-based studies, natural antioxidants showed 100% efficacy in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants showed effective results in only 91% of the investigations. In animal-based research, natural antioxidants were fully effective in the treatment of MAFLD, while synthetic antioxidants demonstrated effectiveness in only 87.8% of the evaluations. In conclusion, antioxidants in their natural form are more helpful for patients with MAFLD, and preserving the correct balance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants is a useful way to monitor antioxidant treatment.

The Interplay of Protein Aggregation, Genetics, and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Role for Natural Antioxidants and Immunotherapeutics.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that comprises amyloid-beta protein (Aß) as a main component of neuritic plaques. Its deposition is considered a trigger for AD pathogenesis, progression, and the clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment. Some distinct pathological features of AD include phosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathological consequences tend to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the dysregulation of various signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The relationship between the Aß cascade and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis is like a "chicken and egg" story, with the etiology of the disease regarding these two factors remaining a question of "which comes first." However, in this review, we have tried our best to clarify the interconnection between these two mechanisms and to show the precise cause-and-effect relationship. Based on the above hallmarks of AD, several therapeutic strategies using natural antioxidants, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are employed as anti-Aß therapy to decrease ROS, Aß burden, chronic neuroinflammation, and synaptic failure. These natural antioxidants and immunotherapeutics have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects and symptomatic relief in various in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in clinical trials for AD. However, none of them have received final approval to enter the drug market for mitigating AD. In this review, we extensively elaborate on the pitfalls, assurances, and important crosstalk between oxidative stress and Aß concerning current anti-Aß therapy. Additionally, we discuss future strategies for the development of more Aß-targeted approaches and the optimization of AD treatment and mitigation.

UV-A treatment of phenolic extracts impacts colour, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.

BACKGROUND: The unintended co-extraction of chlorophylls during the recovery of polyphenols from plant sources yields green-coloured phenolic extracts with limited use in colour-sensitive foods. This study aimed at decolourizing the ethanolic extracts of sugar beet leaves using a UV-A treatment (390 nm). RESULTS: Exposure of the phenolic extracts to 30 UV-A LEDs at 8.64 J m-2 radiation dose decreased the total chlorophyll content by 69.23% and reduced the greenness parameter (-a*) significantly (P < 0.05) from 27.33 ± 0.32 to 8.64 ± 0.16. Additionally, UV-A treatment increased the content of most individual phenolic compounds (e.g. gallic acid, ferulic acid, etc.) significantly, resulting in an increase in the overall phenolic content in the extracts from 900.56 ± 14.11 µg g-1 fresh weight (FW) to a maximum of 975.09 ± 9.62 µg g-1 FW at 0.67 J m-2. However, rutin content had a significant decrease at the highest radiation dose (8.64 J m-2). The soluble sugar content (i.e. glucose and fructose) increased simultaneously with phenolic compounds after the UV-A treatment. Although the UV treatment reduced the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, it had no significant effect on the ferrous chelating activity and the extract's ability to delay lipid oxidation in corn oil. The antioxidant activity index of the treated extract was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene, a synthetic antioxidant. CONCLUSION: Key findings of this study include successful decolourization of the extract, decomposition of bound polyphenols to their free form, and maintaining the antioxidant activity of the extract in the oil system after UV-A exposure. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Tapping into Nature's Arsenal: Harnessing the Potential of Natural Antioxidants for Human Health and Disease Prevention.

Numerous natural antioxidants commonly found in our daily diet have demonstrated significant benefits for human health and various diseases by counteracting the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Their chemical properties enable a range of biological actions, including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anticancer effects. Despite promising outcomes from preclinical studies, ongoing debate persists regarding their reproducibility in human clinical models. This controversy largely stems from a lack of understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds, coupled with the predominant focus on monotherapies in research, neglecting potential synergistic effects arising from combining different antioxidants. This study aims to provide an updated overview of natural antioxidants, operating under the hypothesis that a multitherapeutic approach surpasses monotherapy in efficacy. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of integrating these antioxidants into the daily diet, as they have the potential to prevent the onset and progression of various diseases. To reinforce this perspective, clinical findings pertaining to the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and conditions associated with ischemia and reperfusion phenomena, including myocardial infarction, postoperative atrial fibrillation, and stroke, are presented as key references.

Amazon Fruits as Healthy Ingredients in Muscle Food Products: A Review.

When looking for new ingredients to process red meat, poultry, and fish products, it is essential to consider using vegetable resources that can replace traditional ingredients such as animal fat and synthetic antioxidants that may harm health. The Amazon, home to hundreds of edible fruit species, can be a viable alternative for new ingredients in processing muscle food products. These fruits have gained interest for their use as natural antioxidants, fat replacers, colorants, and extenders. Some of the fruits that have been tested include açai, guarana, annatto, cocoa bean shell, sacha inchi oil, and peach palm. Studies have shown that these fruits can be used as dehydrated products or as liquid or powder extracts in doses between 250 and 500 mg/kg as antioxidants. Fat replacers can be added directly as flour or used to prepare emulsion gels, reducing up to 50% of animal fat without any detrimental effects. However, oxidation problems of the gels suggest that further investigation is needed by incorporating adequate antioxidant levels. In low doses, Amazon fruit byproducts such as colorants and extenders have been shown to have positive technological and sensory effects on muscle food products. While evidence suggests that these fruits have beneficial health effects, their in vitro and in vivo nutritional effects should be evaluated in muscle food products containing these fruits. This evaluation needs to be intended to identify safe doses, delay the formation of key oxidation compounds that directly affect health, and investigate other factors related to health.

Phenolic composition and encapsulation of Brazilian grape seed extracts: evaluating color stabilizing capacity in grape juices.

The color of grape juice is an important acceptance attribute by consumers, but it suffers losses during storage. The use of commercial antioxidants has limitations because the concept of a "100% natural drink" of Brazilian legislation. This work characterized Brazilian grape seeds, and the cultivar extract with the greatest potential was encapsulated in arabic-gum (encapsulated extract-EE) to evaluate the color stabilizing capacity. The EE used in the grape juice was compared with the commercial antioxidants sulphite and enological tannin during storage (150 days). The BRS Magna and BRS Violeta grape seeds had the highest phenolic content, and the EE showed high catechin (4108 mg/kg), epicatechin (1161 mg/kg) and procyanidin-B2 (905 mg/kg) values. Sulfite was found to be the best color stabilizer. The use of EE (0.5 g/L) in grape juice improved color stability and anthocyanin stability. It was demonstrated that encapsulated grape seed extract has color stabilizing potential and that Brazilian grape seeds are a raw material of high technological value. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05956-8.

Donkey Gelatin and Keratin Nanofibers Loaded with Antioxidant Agents for Wound Healing Dressings.

Acute and chronic wounds present a significant healthcare challenge, requiring innovative solutions for effective treatment. The exploitation of natural by-products with advanced cell regeneration potential and plant-based materials, which possess bioactive properties, is an innovative topic in wound management. This study investigates the potential of donkey gelatin and keratin for blending with natural bioactive extracts such as sumac, curcumin, and oak acorn to fabricate antioxidant and antimicrobial nanofibers with accelerated wound healing processes. The fabricated nanofibers possess good in vitro biocompatibility, except for the sumac-based donkey nanofibers, where cell viability significantly dropped to 56.25% (p < 0.05 compared to non-treated cells). The nanofiber dimensions showed structural similarities to human extracellular matrix components, providing an ideal microenvironment for tissue regeneration. The donkey nanofiber-based sumac and curcumin extracts presented a higher dissolution in the first 10 min (74% and 72%). Curcumin extract showed similar antimicrobial and antifungal performances to rivanol, while acorn and sumac extracts demonstrated similar values to each other. In vitro tests performed on murine fibroblast cells demonstrated high migration rates of 89% and 85% after 24 h in the case of acorn and curcumin nanofibers, respectively, underscoring the potential of these nanofibers as versatile platforms for advanced wound care applications.

Assessment of Chitosan/Gelatin Blend Enriched with Natural Antioxidants for Antioxidant Packaging of Fish Oil.

In this research, bio-based films were developed using polyelectrolyte complexes derived from chitosan and gelatin for packaging fish oil. To further enhance the antioxidant functionality, the films were enriched with gallic acid and orange essential oils, either individually or in combination. Initially, the films were characterized for their physico-chemical, optical, surface, and barrier properties. Subsequently, the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the films were assessed. Finally, the films were tested as antioxidant cover lids for packaging fish oil, which was then stored at ambient temperature for 30 days, with periodical monitoring of oil oxidation parameters. This study revealed that the inclusion of gallic acid-induced possible crosslinking effects, as evidenced by changes in moisture content, solubility, and liquid absorption. Additionally, shifts in the FTIR spectral bands suggested the binding of gallic acid and/or phenols in orange essential oils to CSGEL polymer chains, with noticeable alterations in film coloration. Notably, films containing gallic acid exhibited enhanced UV barrier properties crucial for preserving UV-degradable food compounds. Moreover, formulations with gallic acid demonstrated decreased water vapor permeability, while samples containing orange essential oils had lower CO2 permeability levels. Importantly, formulations containing both gallic acid and essential oils showed a synergistic effect and a significant antioxidant capacity, with remarkable DPPH inhibition rates of up to 88%. During the 30-day storage period, fish oil experienced progressive oxidation, as indicated by an increase in the K232 value in control samples. However, films incorporating gallic acid or orange essential oils as active antioxidants, even used as indirect food contact, effectively delayed the oxidation, highlighting their protective benefits. This study underscores the potential of sustainable bio-based films as natural antioxidant packaging for edible fish oil or fresh fish, offering a promising tool for enhancing food preservation while reducing its waste.

Natural Antioxidants: An Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease at the Early Stage.

The critical role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recognized by researchers recently, and natural antioxidants have been demonstrated to have anti-AD activity in animal models, such as Ginkgo biloba extract, soy isoflavones, lycopene, and so on. This paper summarized these natural antioxidants and points out that natural antioxidants always have multiple advantages which are help to deal with AD, such as clearing free radicals, regulating signal transduction, protecting mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity. Based on the available data, we have created a relatively complete pathway map of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AD-related targets and concluded that oxidative stress caused by ROS is the core of AD pathogenesis. In the prospect, we introduced the concept of a combined therapeutic strategy, termed "Antioxidant-Promoting Synaptic Remodeling," highlighting the integration of antioxidant interventions with synaptic remodeling approaches as a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration.

Screening and Characterization of Antioxidant Film Applicable to Walnut Kernels from Juglans sigillata.

Walnuts play a positive role in human health due to their large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, whereas lipid oxidation can easily occur during storage. Herein, three natural antioxidants (epicatechin, sesamol, and myricetin) were added to the composite film cross-linked with chitosan and soy protein peptide, and the antioxidant film appropriate for the preservation of walnut kernels from Juglans sigillata was screened to improve the storage quality of walnuts. The results showed that three antioxidant films could all enhance the storage performance of walnut kernels, with sesamol being the best. The characterization of antioxidant film cross-linked with chitosan and soy protein peptide containing sesamol (C/S-ses film) revealed that the composite film improved the slow release and stability of sesamol; in addition, the presence of sesamol could effectively reduce the light transmittance and water vapor permeability of the composite film, together with significantly enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, resulting in an effective prolongation of the storage period of walnut kernels. These findings indicated that C/S-ses possess excellent potential for retarding the oxidative rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids and will provide an effective strategy for the preservation of walnut kernels.

Performance, HSP70 expression, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative DNA damage biomarkers, metabolic hormones, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens fed mistletoe leaf powder supplemented diets under tropical high ambient temperatures.

The study investigated the impact of Mistletoe Leaf Powder (MLP) supplementation on some parameters in heat-stressed broiler chickens. The standard baseline diets, comprising four different formulations, were provided during the starter and finisher stages. Chickens were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary groups: a negative control (CON) with no supplementation, a positive control (VTC) with 200 mg/kg vitamin C, and 2 experimental treatment groups with 2500 mg/kg (MLP2) and 5000 mg/kg (MLP5) MLP supplementation. The Body Weight Gain (BWG) in MLP2 and MLP5 treatment groups was comparable (P > 0.05) to those in VTC, while the CON group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower BWG. Feed consumption was significantly (P < 0.05) lower broiler chickens in the CON group compared to those VTC, MLP2, and MLP5. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were lower in broiler chickens belonging to VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 groups compared to those in CON, and MLP2 showed no difference (P > 0.05) from MLP5 and VTC. Serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in birds belonging to MLP5, MLP2, and VTC groups compared to CON. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in birds of VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 compared to the CON, with VTC showing the least concentration. Serum insulin levels were higher (P < 0.05) in MLP5 compared to those in CON, while serum triiodothyronine and leptin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in CON compared to birds in VTC, MLP2, and MLP5. Microbiota analysis revealed that the Coliform bacteria population was higher (P < 0.05) in birds belonging to CON compared to those in VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 groups, whereas lactic acid-producing bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in birds of CON and highest in MLP2 and MLP5 groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MLP at 5000 mg/kg enhanced performance, oxidative status, influenced metabolic hormones, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens raised under high ambient temperature.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction and concentration of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba sabará (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) peel by nanofiltration membrane.

Jabuticaba peel, rich in antioxidants, offering health benefits. In this study, the extraction of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba peel using ultrasound-assisted (UA) and their subsequent concentration by nanofiltration (NF) employing a polyamide 200 Da membrane was evaluated. The UA extractions were conducted using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) 22 methodology, with independent variables extraction time (11.55 to 138 min) and temperature (16.87 to 53.3 °C), and fixed variables mass to ethanol solution concentration at pH 1.0 (1:25 g/mL), granulometry (1 mm), and ultrasonic power (52.8 W). The maximum concentrations obtained were 700.94 mg CE/100 g for anthocyanins, 945.21 mg QE/100 g for flavonoids, 133.19 mg GAE/g for phenols, and an antioxidant activity IC50 of 24.36 µg/mL. Key phenolic compounds identified included cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, and various acids like syringic and gallic. NF successfully concentrated these compounds, enhancing their yield by up to 45%. UA and NF integrate for sustainable extraction.

Characterization and antioxidant activity of peel extracts from three varieties of citrus sinensis.

High volume of postharvest materials including peels from citrus fruits is periodically generated, which contributes to environmental pollution. Investigating the chemical composition cum antioxidant property of these 'wastes' would be instructive in achieving value addition in the food and pharmaceutical value chain. On this premise, this study carried out phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of three (3) commonly cultivated citrus varieties namely Citrus sinensis 'valencia', Citrus sinensis 'washinton' and Citrus sinensis 'thompson navel'. The peels were extracted using ethanol and hexane in a Soxhlet extractor and thereafter subjected to phytochemical and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide scavenging and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays to evaluate their antioxidant potentials. Results show that Citrus sinensis peel extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, diterpenes, tannins and glycosides. GC/MS analysis identified about 48 compounds in each extract; with the predominant bioactive compounds being limonene (16.5%), ascorbic acid (17.7%), stearic acid (26.3%), linalool (4.7%), linoleic acid (16.18%), palmitic acid (15.23%), pentadecyclic acid (1.1%). Ethanol and hexane extracts of Valencia exhibited higher FRAP (9.09 ± 0.13) and CUPRAC (2.04 ± 0.06) values while the ethanol extract of Ibadan sweet demonstrated greater hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (1.39 ± 0.00). Citrus peels are rich in bioactive compounds with excellent antioxidant activity and may serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants for food products or pharmaceutical formulations.

Stability study and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of polyphenols in fish feed ingredients.

The perception of polyphenols as a safe, healthy, and sustainable solution for replacing synthetic antioxidants has been an important factor for their rapid growing in the global food market. Therefore, it is essential to use reliable methods for their quantification in commercial products intended for animal or human consumption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of some solvents used for the extraction of selected polyphenols, explore their stability under different experimental conditions, and validate a liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method for their quantification in commercial fish feed ingredients by using the standard addition method. The regression models for gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol, catechin, oleuropein, carnosol and carnosic acid were linear in the range 0-30 µg/mL, limit of detection and quantification around 0.03 and 0.1 µg/mL, respectively, and accuracy within ± 15 % of the nominal concentrations. The method was successfully applied to the determination of specific polyphenols in commercial fish feed ingredients supplemented with polyphenols from olive and rosemary extracts.

The proteomic evidence on protein oxidation in pea protein concentrate-based low-moisture extrudates and its inhibition by antioxidants derived from plant extracts.

This study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of golden chlorella (GoC) and grape pomace (GrP) extracts both in vitro and in pea protein-based extrudates. We hypothesized that GoC/GrP would limit oxidation of proteins in the extrudates compared with commercial antioxidants. The results showed that GoC extract was effective in metal chelation and GrP extract possessed excellent radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Protein oxidation inevitably occurred after low-moisture extrusion in terms of elevated level of protein carbonyls and the gradual loss of thiols. LC-MS/MS revealed that the monoxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal adduction were the major oxidative modifications, and legumin was the most susceptible globulin for oxidation. The GoC/GrP extracts effectively retarded the oxidation progress in extrudates by lower intensity of oxidized peptides, whereas protein electrophoretic profiles remained unaffected. This study highlighted the great potential of GoC/GrP as natural antioxidants in plant-based foods.

Screening and classification of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) genotypes based on horticultural characteristics.

BACKGROUND: During the pandemic, the interest in colorful wild small fruits increased due to their positive effects on health. Also it has become very important to offer species with high nutritional value as fresh or processed products for human consumption due to increasing world population and decreasing arable land. In this context, we characterized the horticultural characteristics of 11 rosehip genotypes grown from seeds. RESULTS: Citric acid was determined as the main organic acid in all the genotypes investigated. The mean values of the organic acids obtained from all the genotypes were found to be as follows: citric acid (7177 mg L-1), malic acid (3669 mg L-1), tartaric acid (1834 mg L-1), oxalic acid (1258 mg L-1), carboxylic acid (631.9 mg L-1), shikimic acid (157.8 mg L-1), ascorbic acid (155 mg L-1), and acetic acid (20.9 mg L-1). Ellagic acid was the dominant phenolic compound (90.1 mg L-1 - 96.2 mg L-1) in all genotypes. The average values obtained from all genotypes for total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were 37 261 mg GAE L-1, 526.2 mg quercetin L-1, and 93.6%, respectively. These characteristics had the lowest coefficients of variation, which indicated that all genotypes were similar regarding high biochemical with antioxidant effect. In addition, fruit width, fruit length, and fruit weight varied between 13.0 and 17.3 mm, 20.7 and 25.5 mm, and 1.4 and 2.7 g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The genotypes were categorized according to different purposes, such as suitability for wine production, making vinegar, etc. While the pomological characteristics were strongly positively correlated among themselves, they were generally found to be negatively correlated with the phytochemical characteristics. Categorizing genotypes according to different usage purposes can improve the agricultural and industrial application of rosehip and enhance their breeding efficacy.