Neighbourhood Environments and Lifestyle Behaviours in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: Early prevention strategies are needed to mitigate the high risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Residential neighbourhood features can promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and reduce cardiovascular risk, but less is known about their role in lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D, and no studies used comparisons to healthy controls. METHODS: We examined associations between residential neighbourhood features and lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with T1D and healthy controls. Data were analyzed from the CARdiovascular Disease risk factors in pEdiatric type 1 diAbetes (CARDEA) study, a cross-sectional investigation of 100 adolescents with T1D (14 to 18 years) from a pediatric diabetes clinic in Montréal, Canada, and 97 healthy controls. Outcomes included physical activity and sedentary behaviour (accelerometry), screen time and sleep duration (questionnaires), and dietary habits (24-hour recalls). Cluster analysis of selected neighbourhood indicators computed for participants' postal codes resulted in 2 neighbourhood types: central urban and peri-urban. Central urban neighbourhoods were characterized by very high population density, high active living index, numerous points of interest, higher social deprivation, higher residential mobility, and lower median household income compared with peri-urban neighbourhoods. Associations of neighbourhood type with lifestyle behaviours were estimated with multiple linear regressions and interactions by T1D status were tested. RESULTS: Living in central urban neighbourhoods was associated with greater daily minutes of moderate-to-vigourous physical activity (beta = 8.61, 95% confidence interval 1.79 to 15.44) compared with living in peri-urban neighbourhoods. No associations were observed for other lifestyle behaviours, and no statistically significant interactions were found between neighbourhood type and T1D status. CONCLUSION: Features that characterize central urban built environments appear to promote physical activity in adolescents, regardless of T1D status.

[The cultural diversity of professionals in migrant care]. / La diversité culturelle des professionnels au profit des soins aux personnes migrantes.

A qualitative study was carried out with five professionals in a pediatric intensive care unit in 2022. Semi-structured interviews were used to find out how they felt about patients from their own culture, and about the role of their mother tongue in hospital care. Caregivers find it difficult to bring their own culture to the fore when caring for their patients. A description of the obstacles they encounter, as well as the advantages, is included.

[Measuring the intensity of restraint during care in children: Validation of the Pric scale]. / Mesurer l'intensité de la contention lors des soins chez les enfants : validation de l'échelle Pric.

Restraint is used relatively often during pediatric care. However, no scale has yet been validated to assess its intensity. The study presented here did this for the Procedural Restraint Intensity in Children tool in metrological terms (with some limitations). In the absence of a reference scale in this area, the reliability of this tool was studied under experimental conditions. It is nevertheless the first scale with metrological validation, measuring the intensity of physical constraint. Other work is underway to validate it in real clinical situations.

[How do parents perceive their child's restraint during emergency care?] / Comment les parents perçoivent-ils la contention de leur enfant lors d'un soin aux urgences ?

Restraint during care in pediatrics is a professional practice that is beginning to be studied. However, few studies explore this phenomenon from the point of view of the parents of children who are firmly restrained during care. Guided by the caregiver's perspective, care remains a priority for them. Some perceive the violence of the situation, while others focus on the benevolence of the professionals. In all cases, this practice implies the need for professionals to support the parents and children concerned, in order to safeguard the best interests of the young patient.

Pre-expanded thin DIEP free flap in pediatric upper extremity reconstruction for burn sequelae: A case report.

Deep burns sequelae involving the upper limb are challenging even for experienced surgeons, mainly because local reconstructive options and donor sites are often compromised. The use of free flaps for this type of reconstruction remains difficult due to the small recipient vessel diameter and tendency to vasospasm. Moreover, pediatric cases bring the challenge to another level. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl presenting major retractile sequelae of the upper left limb, including complete wrist immobilization combining wrist hyper-extension, ulnar deviation deformity, and a ulno-carpal dislocation. She was referred to our department where a two-stage reconstruction was performed using a pre-expanded free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap. The first surgery consisted of placing two kidney-shaped expanders in a subfascial plane in the hypogastric region. Four months later, after a bi-weekly expansion, an excision of the scar tissue, and the DIEP flap transfer were completed. At the 12-month follow-up evaluation, both aesthetic and functional results were satisfactory, with a good contour and regained mobility of the wrist.

Dried Blood Spot Test for Glycated Hemoglobin Measurement in Pediatric Diabetes Care.

BACKGROUND: The dried blood spot (DBS) card is a novel collection method for measuring glycated hemoglobin (A1C) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The potential benefits of DBS specimens compared with traditional phlebotomy include a reduction in required total blood volume, reduced procedural pain, and an ability for self-initiated collection. DBS cards for A1C measurement have been validated in the adult population, but there is a paucity of pediatric data. METHODS: The aim of this study was to validate the use of A1C measurement by DBS cards in comparison to venous A1C and to identify potential barriers to implementing this novel approach. Venous and DBS card A1C samples were collected simultaneously from 62 patients at their local laboratory and transported to the central provincial lab for analysis. Correlation analyses compared venous and DBS A1C with data rescaling performed to account for the DBS-venous interassay difference. RESULTS: Mean venous A1C was 7.49% and DBS A1C was 7.26%, with an interassay difference of 0.23%. Data showed a strong, positive correlation between A1C collection methods (r=0.86, p<0.001); this was further strengthened at lower A1C values (A1C <7.5%, r=0.87, p<0.0001). A stronger relationship emerged when the data were rescaled to account for the DBS-venous interassay difference (r=0.8935, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Given the potential feasibility, practicality, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and performance characteristics of the DBS A1C, especially at lower A1C values hovering around the diagnostic threshold for diabetes, this study provides supporting evidence for consideration of the use of DBS A1C testing in pediatric diabetes care.

[Consideration of parents when caring for children in acute situations]. / La considération des parents lors de la prise en charge de l'enfant en situation aiguë.

A child's illness and hospitalization have repercussions for parents and siblings. Caregivers have a duty not only to care for their young patient, but also to welcome the family, whose dynamics are disrupted. Beyond the somatic and technical aspects, the challenge lies in caring for each member of the family, particularly the parents. The complexities of supporting parents when dealing with a child in an emergency situation will be explored through the testimony of a nursery nurse.

[Siblings in a pediatric intensive care unit]. / L'accueil des fratries dans un service de réanimation pédiatrique.

Welcoming visitors has long had difficulty finding its place in intensive care units, including pediatric units. This article describes the reflective approach adopted by a working group in the pediatric intensive care unit at the regional university hospital in Tours, with the aim of fully integrating the reception of siblings into the child's hospitalized care project. The momentum generated by this reflection has gradually enabled the family environment to be restructured around the child in care, reinvigorating a breath of life that extends far beyond the purely biological.

[The benefits of a psychologist working alongside caregivers in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units]. / De l'intérêt d'un psychologue aux côtés des soignants en réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique.

Neonatal and pediatric intensive care units take care of patients in very critical condition. Professionals in these departments are faced with extreme clinical conditions and a heavy burden of care. The heavy burden of care and the constant confrontation with illness and death have prompted some departments to create psychologist posts dedicated to the nursing staff. By providing a space for thought and reflection, these psychologists act as psychic containers and emotional receptacles for the teams. By working on the otherness of caregivers, the psychologist takes care of those who care.

[Multidisciplinary reflections on parental support in congenital cardiac resuscitation]. / Réflexions pluridisciplinaires autour de l'accompagnement parental en réanimation cardiaque congénitale.

Half of all children with congenital heart disease develop specific neurodevelopmental disorders. As these are influenced as much by factors intrinsic to the pathology as by the environmental and family support that the young patient receives from birth, the team at the congenital heart disease unit at Bordeaux's university hospital has devised an individualized global pathway for these families to support the neurodevelopment of these toddlers from the antenatal period onwards.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Glycemic Management in Children and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: In Canada, few studies have addressed health inequalities in type 1 diabetes (T1D) outcomes. In this study, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and glycemic management in children with T1D and determine whether technology use (insulin pumps or continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]), diabetes-related physician visits, and depressive symptoms modified the association. METHODS: This work was a retrospective cohort study using the Montréal Children's Hospital Pediatric Diabetes Database of children 0 to 18 years old, diagnosed with T1D for ≥1 year, and with a hospital visit between November 2019 and October 2020. Main exposure was SES measured by the Material and Social Deprivation Index (least, moderately, or most deprived). We determined the association between SES and mean glycated hemoglobin (A1C; main outcome) in the year after the index visit using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, technology use, diabetes-related physician visits, and depressive symptoms (subgroup). We examined interaction terms for technology use, diabetes-related physician visits, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The study cohort included 306 children (mean age 13.6 years, mean A1C 8.5%). Children in the most-deprived compared with least-deprived quintiles had higher mean A1C; effect modification was significant with CGM only. Children not using CGM in the most-deprived compared with least-deprived quintiles had higher mean A1C (0.52%; 95% confidence interval, 0.14% to 0.86%), whereas the association was not significant for children using CGM. CONCLUSIONS: Lower SES was associated with higher A1C; these disparities were not observed among CGM users. Further research is required to determine strategies to promote CGM access among children of lower SES in the Canadian health-care context.

Application of the concept of fast-track surgery in pediatric ophthalmic surgery.

PURPOSE: To explore the effects of the fast-track surgery (FTS) approach during the perioperative period of ophthalmic surgery in pediatric patients. METHODS: A bidirectional cohort design was applied in this study. The traditional nursing mode was followed in relation to 40 pediatric patients admitted for ophthalmic surgery in March 2018 (control group), whereas the FTS mode was followed with regard to 40 pediatric patients admitted for ophthalmic surgery in April 2018 (observation group). The effects of the FTS mode were determined by comparing the postoperative pain score, restlessness score, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting between the two groups. RESULTS: The pain and restlessness scores of the patients at 4hours after surgery in the observation group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the observation group was also slightly lower than that in the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: A perioperative FTS-based nursing mode can effectively alleviate the postoperative pain and restlessness of pediatric patients without increasing their stress response.

[The announcement of treatment resistance in pediatric oncology: Understanding parents' experiences and influencing factors with a mixed methodology]. / L'annonce de résistance au traitement en oncologie pédiatrique : une étude avec une méthodologie mixte pour comprendre l'expérience des parents et les facteurs qui l'influencent.

OBJECTIVE: The announcement of a resistance to treatment in pediatric oncology occurs within the framework of an established parent-pediatrician relationship. The aim of this study was to understand the parents' experience of this announcement and the relational and communicational factors likely to impact it. METHOD: A mixed-methods study was conducted in a pediatric oncology department with 15 parents of a child with treatment-resistant cancer, with an average age of 40.8years. The parents completed three questionnaires to assess their anxiety and depression (HADS) and their information needs (EORTC - QLQ Info 25 and PTPQ). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and a content analysis was performed. RESULTS: The majority of parents have "suspected" or "proven" anxiety and/or depressive disorders. The experience of this announcement was influenced by the quality of the parent-pediatrician relationship, the perceived quality of the management, the anticipation of the announcement, the context of the announcement, and the experience of previous announcements. The parents interviewed were very satisfied with the informational exchanges. This satisfaction was underpinned by honest communication and by the responsiveness and availability of the pediatricians. DISCUSSION: The establishment of a relationship of trust between the family and the pediatrician throughout the course of care plays a major role in the parents' experience of the announcement of resistance to treatment.

[Painful anisocoria in a five-year-old child: A rare diagnosis which must not be missed]. / Anisocorie douloureuse chez un enfant de cinq ans : un diagnostic rare à ne pas méconnaître.

Congenital ectropion uveae (CEU) is a rare anomaly of the embryonic development of the anterior segment of the eye. We report the case of a 5-year-old child with an undiagnosed CEU who was treated urgently for an acute angle closure attack. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 5-year-old child was referred urgently for evaluation of anisocoria with mydriasis of the right eye and severe headache. Brain imaging with contrast injection was initially performed in the pediatric emergency department and ruled out central nervous system pathology. The initial examination of the right eye revealed an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 37mmHg, corneal edema, congenital ectropion uveae, mydriasis with pupillary block, a closed angle on gonioscopy, and a clear lens. The examination of the left eye was unremarkable, with no visible CEU. The initial management consisted of medical treatment with topical glaucoma drops and miotics and acetazolamide at 10mg/kg/d. Re-evaluation under general anesthesia showed persistent mydriasis and no resolution of the pupillary block. Filtering surgery was performed in the absence of a complete response to medical treatment, allowing control of IOP without drops and complete regression of the corneal edema. DISCUSSION: CEU is a rare malformation, and pressure complications represent an insignificant proportion of pediatric glaucoma cases. The acute presentation of acute angle closure in this potentially blinding short-term setting, however, makes detection and management difficult in very young children in a great deal of pain. Only one similar case has been reported in the pediatric literature. CONCLUSION: Acute angle closure complicating CEU is exceptional and difficult to diagnose in a pediatric context. Parents of children with this predisposing condition should be informed of the need to consult urgently when clinical signs of elevated intraocular pressure appear.

[Clinical monitoring of children with in utero exposure to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers]. / Toxicité fœtale et néonatale des inhibiteurs de l'enzyme de conversion et des sartans : quelle surveillance pour les enfants exposés in utero ?

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are widely used to reduce high blood pressure or in other conditions such as congestive heart failure and prevention of diabetic nephropathy. To date, no teratogenic effect has been attributed to them, but in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, their foetotoxicity is broadly documented: transient oligohydramnios or anamnios, associated to possible neonatal anuria and permanent renal damage, which can lead to intrauterine or neonatal death. Long-term effects among children with in utero exposure are poorly known, but the regression of an oligohydramnios might not always be associated with normal renal function after birth or later in life. This justifies seeking the advice of a pediatric nephrologistto consider the most appropriate monitoring for the child at birth and in the following weeks, and possibly beyond, even in case of normal prenatal ultrasound.

DC: 0-5 system in clinical assessment with specialty pediatric populations.

Early childhood mental health (ECMH) programs provide an opportunity to provide specialized mental health services to vulnerable young children and connect them with necessary evidence-based early intervention. However, there is a paucity of descriptive and explorative studies of the clinic protocols in the literature. Even within published work, there is a lack of standardization in clinical models and diagnostic systems limiting comparison and extrapolation. This paper describes how the DC: 0-5 framework guides the development of the model for an ECMH clinic embedded in the context of academic pediatrics. It also highlights the opportunity the DC 0-5 presents for developing the standardized protocols and a mechanism for standardized data collection in clinical settings. The paper demonstrates the utility of using the DC 0-5 in protocol development, assessment and data collection the mental health assessments of 87 children ages 0-6 were reviewed to gather information on history, presenting problems, parent-child relationship, and mental health diagnoses. This paper and associated data underscore the utility and necessity of ECMH clinics while identifying challenges in the field.

Los programas de salud mental en la temprana niñez ofrecen una oportunidad para proveer servicios de salud mental especializados a niños pequeños vulnerables y ponerlos en contacto con la necesaria intervención temprana que se base en la evidencia. Sin embargo, hay escasez de estudios descriptivos y de exploración de los protocolos clínicos en la información impresa. Aun dentro de los trabajos publicados, se da una falta de estandarización en los modelos clínicos y sistemas de diagnóstico, lo cual limita la comparación y la extrapolación. Este ensayo describe cómo el marco de trabajo DC: 0-5 guía el desarrollo del modelo para una clínica de salud mental en la temprana niñez enmarcado dentro del contexto de la pediatría académica. También resalta la oportunidad que DC 0 a 5 presenta para desarrollar los protocolos estandarizados y un mecanismo para la recolección de datos estandarizados en escenarios clínicos. El ensayo demuestra la utilidad de usar el DC 0 a 5 en el desarrollo de protocolos, evaluación y recolección de datos. Se revisaron las evaluaciones de salud mental de 87 niños de edad 0-6 para obtener información acerca del historial, la presentación de problemas, la relación progenitor-niño y la diagnosis de salud mental. Este ensayo y la información asociada subraya la utilidad y necesidad de las clínicas de salud mental en la temprana niñez, al tiempo que identifica los retos en el campo.

Les programmes de santé mentale de la petite enfance offrent une chance d'offrir des services spécialisés de santé mentale à des jeunes enfants vulnérables et de les connecter à une intervention précoce ayant des preuves à l'appui. Cependant, dans les recherches, il existe très peu d'études descriptives et exploratoires des protocoles cliniques. Même au sein du travail qui est publié, nous observons un manque de standardisation dans les modèles cliniques et dans les systèmes diagnostiques, limitant la comparaison et l'extrapolation. Cet article décrit comment la structure DC: 0-5 guide le développement du modèle pour une clinique de santé mentale de la petite enfance ancrée dans le contexte de la pédiatrie académique. L'article met également en lumière l'opportunité que présente la DC 0 à 5 pour le développement de protocoles standardisés et un mécanisme pour une collecte de données standardisée dans des contextes cliniques. Nous démontrons l'utilité de l'utilisation de la DC 0 à 5 dans le développement du protocole, l'évaluation et la collecte de données. Les évaluations de santé mentale de 87 enfants âgés de 0-6 ont été passées en revue afin de récolter des données sur l'histoire, ce qui présente des problèmes, la relation parent-enfant, et les diagnostics de santé mentale. Cet article et les données qui y sont liées soulignent l'utilité et la nécessité des cliniques de santé mentale de la petite enfance tout en identifiant les défis qui se présentent dans ce domaine.

[When pediatric resuscitation and anesthesia teams simulate together]. / Quand des équipes de réanimation et d'anesthésie pédiatrique simulent ensemble.

At the Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital Center, a high-fidelity simulation training project was born from the collaboration of the intensive care and pediatric anesthesia teams. The objective of these sessions was to improve practices by developing the technical and non-technical skills of the teams. Fifteen days were organized from 2018 to 2022, training 170 healthcare professionals. The results highlighted excellent satisfaction and helped improve professional practices.

A rare case of pediatric ptosis: Coexistence of giant intracranial arachnoid cyst and facial asymmetry.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial arachnoid cysts are cystic congenital malformations, filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originating from the arachnoid membrane. Generally, giant arachnoid cysts present with symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus or cognitive disorders, endocrinological problems, growth retardation, seizures, headache, and nonspecific symptoms such as dizziness. They can be detected by imaging when they become symptomatic or incidentally in childhood and adulthood. Our case was referred to our clinic because of ptosis and facial asymmetry found on examination. Subsequently, a intracranial giant arachnoid cyst was found incidentally on cranial computed tomography (CT). CASE: In an 18-month-old male infant admitted with ptosis, left frontal bulging and a dystopic globe with ptosis of the left upper lid were noted. The left half of the facial region and the left nostril also appeared to be asymmetrically elongated downward relative to the right. Fundus examination revealed an optic disc coloboma in the left eye. On general physical examination, he was unable to walk. A giant fronto-temporo-parietal arachnoid cyst with the cerebral parenchyma shifted 2cm to the right of the midline was observed on cranial CT. After a cysto-peritoneal shunt was performed, the physical appearance of our patient returned to normal. CONCLUSION: Ptosis cases accompanied by abnormalities such as optic disc coloboma and facial asymmetry should be evaluated for possible midline defects and intracranial pathologies prior to eyelid surgery.

Presence of cataract in patients treated for retinoblastoma at the national institute of pediatrics in Mexico (2011-2021).

PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to describe the presence of secondary cataract in patients with retinoblastoma treated at the National Institute of Pediatrics of Mexico (INP) over the past 10 years. METHODS: This was a single center observational, retrospective and descriptive study. We included all eyes diagnosed with retinoblastoma and cataract between June 2011 and June 2021. RESULTS: In total, 833 records of patients diagnosed with Retinoblastoma at the National Institute of Pediatrics during the period between June 2011 and June 2021 were reviewed. Out of all of them, only 14 developed cataract (1.6%). The median age at retinoblastoma diagnosis was 10.5 months (Rank: 6-13 months), and the median age at cataract diagnosis was 51.5 months (Rank: 25-73 months). The majority (13, 92.9%) of the patients had bilateral involvement. 42% of the eyes were Stage D according to the international classification of retinoblastoma. Cryotherapy was applied in 57.1%, intravitreal chemotherapy in 85.7%, radiation therapy in 42.6%, and only 7.1% of cases were treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cataract in patients with retinoblastoma is a rare but important entity impacting the development of vision in children and detection of intraocular tumors. These probably occur late as a result of the multiple treatments to which the children have been subjected, without being able to determine in this study which is the risk factor most associated with the development of this pathology.

Integrated Occupational Therapy Camp for Children with Regulation/Sensory Processing Differences: Preliminary Evaluation.

Background. Integration of occupational therapy into a camp environment may support participation for children with neurodevelopmental differences, but evidence is limited. Purpose. This study examines the effects of participation of children with regulation/sensory processing differences at one such integrated camp on parent-established functional goals. Method. We used a pre-test/post-test repeated measures cohort design. Individualized goals were established with parents three months before camp using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) (n = 82, child ages 4-13). Parents re-rated goals immediately before, one month after, and three months after camp. Findings. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed improvement in occupational performance over the week of camp significantly exceeded change within the three months prior. Improvements remained stable three months post-camp. Implications. Integrating occupational therapy within a camp setting is beneficial for children with neurodevelopmental differences. The COPM can be integrated into a camp setting to document meaningful change in individualized parent-established goals.