Management of a Partially Treated Case of Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Hard Palate and Maxillary Sinus.

Osteomyelitis affects bones, including both cortex and medulla. It influences the mandible more frequently than the maxilla. Probable etiologic factors include foci of infection or trauma; however, the hematogenous spread of infection from a distant site is also a causative factor. Staphylococcus is the common organism involved in the causation. Clinical symptoms include signs of inflammation, pus drainage, fistulous or sinus tracts, wound disintegration, erythema, and raised local temperatures. Laboratory diagnosis with the evaluation of white blood cell count, rate of erythrocyte sedimentation, and C-reactive protein proves vitally significant. Radiographic evaluation reveals sequestra and bone destruction in the affected region. Histopathology of the lesion is confirmatory for the final diagnosis, which helps in the formulation of an appropriate management strategy. The treatment regimen usually focuses on thorough debridement of the necrotic material and an antibiotic regimen. This case report describes a male patient aged 45 years presenting with a palatal ulcer, severe halitosis, and speech difficulty. He has suffered from type II diabetes mellitus for four years. A radiological examination was carried out. Treatment was performed with surgical debridement of necrotic maxillary bone and curettage of bilateral maxillary and ethmoid sinuses under general anesthesia. Results of histopathological evaluation of the curetted material from the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses revealed osteomyelitis of the maxilla.

Palatal perforation caused by Alternaria alternata infection in an immunocompetent adolescent.

Opportunistic oral mucosal fungal infection caused by Alternaria alternata is extremely rare. Herein, we present a rare palatal perforation as a result of oral infection caused by A. alternata in an immunocompetent adolescent. An 18-year-old boy, who had previously been healthy, was admitted to our institution with persistent pain in the palate for the past 12 months. Upon impression of palatal bone resorption based on computed tomography imaging and chronic granulomatous inflammation based on biopsy (hematoxylin-eosin staining), the patient was examined for commonly relevant causes such as potential tumor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. All test results were inconclusive. After a thorough diagnostic investigation, an unusual fungal infection, A. alternata infection, was confirmed by next-generation sequencing and biopsy (periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunofluorescence staining). The patient underwent surgical debridement and was subjected to voriconazole treatment postoperatively for over a period of 5 months. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of considering A. alternata as a potential pathogenic factor in an etiological palatal perforation.

Dental care using an oral appliance to support hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, with palatal perforation.

PATIENT: A 33-year-old man diagnosed with extranodal natural killer cell/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL-NT) inducing palatal perforation was referred to the perioperative oral care support center of Tohoku University Hospital for dental care to support cancer treatment including chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Dental review during chemotherapy revealed mucositis suspected to be caused by mucosal trauma from altered jaw function (chewing and speech) due to palatal perforation. Although the patient was already in the cleanroom, an oral appliance as well as conservative care as recommended in oral management guidelines for HSCT were used to prevent worsening of oral mucositis at subsequent HSCT including High-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation. After HSCT, a prosthodontist fitted a palatal obturator made by a dental technician and an oral surgeon reviewed the necrotic bone and removed the sequestra according to the changes in the palate. This approach involving a multidisciplinary team including a hematologist improved the impaired oral function and minimized oral complications. DISCUSSION: ENKTCL-NT and its treatment have a significant impact on patients' oral status. Hence, it is important to provide customized dental care based on previously endorsed guidelines according to the type of disease, treatment requirements, and oral and systemic status. CONCLUSION: This report indicated the importance of dental care with a customized plan before, during, and after HSCT for ENKTCL-NT with multidisciplinary supportive care for cancer patients to improve the impaired oral function and to minimize oral complications.

Soft palate perforation from Glidescope® intubation: A case report.

We highlight a potential major complication from GlideScope intubation-perforation of the soft palate. With increasing use of video laryngoscopy, precautions must be taken to ensure that its continued use does not increase airway complications.

Perforación de la bóveda palatina por consumo de cocaína: reporte de un caso / Perforation of the palatine dome for cocaine consumption: report of a case

El abuso del consumo de cocaína puede ocasionar problemas físicos y mentales graves. Dicha droga puede ser utilizada de varias formas y sus efectos sobre la cavidad oral varían según la vía de administración, causando desde erosiones en las piezas dentarias, abrasiones cervicales, caries, enfermedad periodontal, disfunción temporomandibular, xerostomía, ulceraciones hasta la perforación del paladar duro y/o blando. Se describirá el caso clínico de un paciente cocainómano que concurrió al servicio de odontología del Hospital San Martin de La Plata, presentando dos perforaciones en el paladar duro debido al consumo crónico, y el tratamiento de urgencia correspondiente mediante una placa obturatríz que favorece la deglución y el habla del paciente (AU)

Abuse of cocaine use can cause serious physical and mental problems. is drug can be used in several ways and its effects on the oral cavity vary according to the route of administration, causing from erosions in the teeth, cervical abrasions, caries, periodontal disease, temporomandibular dysfunction, xerostomia, ulcerations to the perforation of the hard palate and / or soft.The clinical case of a cocaine patient who attended the dentistry service of the San Martin de La Plata Hospital will be described, presenting two perforations in the hard palate due to chronic consumption, and the corresponding emergency treatment by means of an obturator plate that favors swallowing and He speaks of the patient (AU)

Causative Factors for Complications in Transpalatal Advancement.

INTRODUCTION: Transpalatal advancement (TPA) is a procedure that is used when modern variants of uvulopharyn-gopalatoplasty are unable to provide enough anterior traction. Although successful in reduction of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) parameters, it also comes with procedure-specific risks. Formation of an oro-nasal fistula (ONF) is a complication that results in significant morbidity and a protracted treatment course. METHODS: After approval from the University of Wollongong Health Research Ethics Committee, a retrospective chart review of all cases undergoing TPA performed by a single surgeon over a 10-year period from 2008 to 2018 was performed. Patients underwent pre- and postoperative level 1 or 2 polysomnography. Factors potentially contributing to palatal complications, as well as pre- and postoperative polysomnographic parameters, subjective sleep questionnaires, and body mass index (BMI) were statistically analyzed where a P value <.05 was considered a significant result. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were included. Overall palatal complication rate was 25.4% (15/59), with the most common being transient velo-palatal insufficiency (VPI) (8/59, 13.6%). ONF developed in 4/59 (6.8%) of patients. None of the analyzed contributing factors for palatal complications were statistically significant, except the presence of a high-arched palate and development of ONF. All analyzed sleep parameters, as well as BMI, were significantly different when comparing pre- to postoperative results. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that TPA has a role in current sleep surgery paradigms and can significantly improve both objective and subjective outcome measures of OSA. Surgeons contemplating TPA on patients with high-arched hard palates should do so with caution.

Palatal Perforation: A Rare Complication of Postanesthetic Necrosis.

The everyday practice of dentistry relies heavily on achieving adequate local anesthesia. Even though the safety record of local anesthetic agents is high, complications do occur. Palate is a favorable site for soft-tissue lesions. Various factors such as direct effects of the drug, blanching of the tissues during injection, relatively poor blood supply, and reactivation of the latent forms of herpes can all promote to tissue ischemia and a lesion in the palate. Among various complications, anesthetic necrotic ulcer is a rare and uncommon condition occurring mostly in the hard palate possibly after a local anesthetic infiltration. The ulceration is often deep and shows spontaneous but delayed healing. If proper treatment is not instituted on time, the necrosis can reach deep into the bone causing sequestrum formation and ultimately leading to palatal perforation. Here, we report a case of palatal perforation in a male patient followed by surgical interventions and follow-up.

Prosthetic Management of Hard Palate Perforation in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Palatal perforation is an uncommon complication seen in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. This may impact basic functions, such as speech, swallowing, chewing, affecting the quality of life (QOL). Prosthetic rehabilitation of the palatal perforation with obturator can optimally restore function, thereby improving and enhancing the QOL of these patients.

Palate perforation differentiates cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions from granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Cocaine abuse occasionally causes extensive destruction of the osteocartilaginous structures of the nose, sinuses and palate, which mimics the clinical picture of other diseases associated with necrotising midfacial lesions. The differentiation of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL) and limited granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) may be difficult, particularly if patients do not readily admit substance abuse. We studied 10 patients with CIMDL and palate perforation referred to our Unit between 2002 and 2015. All cases underwent nasal endoscopy, sinus CT or MRI and ANCA test. In 8 patients, a nasal biopsy was performed. The PubMed database was searched to review all cases of palate perforation described in patients affected by CIMDL or GPA. All 10 cases presented with septal perforation and inferior turbinate destruction. We found hard palate perforation in 7 patients, soft palate perforation in 2 patients, and perforation of both in one patient. ANCA testing was negative in 8 patients and positive in 2, with C-ANCA and P-ANCA specificity, respectively. A review of the English literature identified palate perforation in 5 patients with GPA and in 73 patients with CIMDL. The presence of palate perforation in patients with MDL may represent a clinical marker that strongly favors CIMDL over GPA.

Palatal Perforation as a Rare Complication of Nasal Septoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Nasal septoplasty is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures by otolaryngologists or plastic surgeons and is generally performed to improve the quality of life. Although nasal surgeries are generally safe and effective procedures, various complications have been described in the literature. METHODS: In this article, we present a rare case of fracture of a part of the hard palate resulting in palatal perforation after nasal septoplasty surgery early diagnosed and successfully treated. RESULTS: Patient follow-up 1 year after oronasal closure revealed complete healing of the hard palate without the presence of fistula. CONCLUSIONS: Palatal perforation during septoplasty is extremely rare and, even though it is not a life-threatening complication, has potentially annoying effects; according to its size, it can result in nasal speech, oral health problems, and nasal regurgitation of liquids and is sometimes related with reconstructive challenging problems. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the A5 online Instructions to Authors. www.springer.com/00266 .

Squamous cell carcinoma on a syphilitic gumma: A unique presentation.

Gumma is a characteristic lesion of tertiary syphilis that is rare nowadays, but still rarer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from it. A 74-year-old male presented with throat pain and nasal twang with a past history of genital ulcer. Examination revealed a well-defined ulcer with a perforation of 1.5 cm over the hard palate with induration and nodularity at the margins. This patient also had leukoplakia over the ventral aspect of the tongue. His treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay was positive, and biopsy revealed well-differentiated SCC from the lesion over the palate and leukoplakia with dysplasia from the lesion over the tongue. Patient is on treatment from radiotherapy. To conclude, this is a unique presentation of syphilitic gumma with palatal perforation with SCC and syphilitic leukoplakia with Ca in situ over tongue. Thus, serology for syphilis should be done in all patients with SCC of the oral cavity.

[A cause of palatal necrosis not to ignore]. / Une cause de nécrose palatine à ne pas méconnaître.

We report a case of pseudotumoral nasal septum and hard palate perforation in a 42-years-old man. The diagnosis retained after differential diagnosis exclusion was necrotic midfacial lesion due to chronic inhalation of cocaine. This condition can mimic vasculitis, primary tumors and granulomatous infections. Differential diagnosis and pathophysiology of this condition will be discussed in this anatomo-clinical case.

Surgical and prosthetic management of suction cup induced palatal perforation: case report.

Construction of complete dentures with adequate retention is a complex procedure. Various techniques have been tried to improve the retention of dentures. Use of suction cup in maxillary denture is one of the techniques to improve retention. Suction cup provides retention and stability by inducing negative pressure on the mucosal surface. Palatal Suction cups which provide high retention are not being recommended because of their pathological effects on the palatal tissues. Here a case report of complete denture with suction cup induced palatal perforation which was surgically treated is presented.

Palatal perforation secondary to tuberculosis: a case report.

Palatal perforation though rarely seen in adults but may have infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or traumatic cause. We present here a case of palatal perforation due to tuberculosis which was managed successfully using greater palatine artery pedicled flap closure at our centre.

Rhinolith: An unusual presentation.

A case of rhinolith in a 60 years old male prsenting with palatal performation is, presented alongwith a brief discussion on the pathogenesis and treatment.