Simultaneous Deep Endometriosis Affecting Abdominal Wall and Vermiform Appendix / Endometriosis Simultánea de Pared Abdominal y Apéndice Vermicular

SUMMARY: Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects between 8 % and 44 % of women of reproductive age. Occasionally it presents as a sensitive mass in the abdominal wall, in relation to a surgical scar. On the other hand, in the most severe stage of endometriosis, intestinal involvement is common, and endometriotic disease of the appendix may be present even in appendices with macroscopically normal appearance. Simultaneous affectation of both locations is very rare. Nevertheless, treatment of choice is the excision of both lesions with safety margins. The aim of this manuscript was to report a case of simultaneous deep endometriosis affecting the total abdominal wall and vermiform appendix, resected in a single surgical procedure, which subsequently required abdominal wall repair with mesh plasty. Since desmoid tumors and endometriosis share similar clinical signs and unspecific imaging exams, both options should be considered in case of abdominal wall mass in female patients of childbearing age, especially if they have a history of uterine-related surgery.

La endometriosis se define como la presencia de glándulas endometriales y estroma fuera del útero. Es una afección crónica que afecta entre el 8 % y el 44 % de las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Ocasionalmente se presenta como una masa sensible en la pared abdominal, en relación con una cicatriz quirúrgica. Por otro lado, en su estadio más grave de la endometriosis, la afectación intestinal es común y puede afectar al apéndice, pudiendo estar presente incluso en apéndices de apariencia macroscópicamente normal. La afectación de ambas localizaciones simultáneamente es muy infrecuente. Sin embargo, el tratamiento de ambas lesiones es su exéresis quirúrgica con márgenes de seguridad. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue reportar un caso de endometriosis profunda simultánea que afectaba la pared abdominal total y el apéndice vermiforme, las que fueron resecadas en un solo tiempo quirúrgico, incluyendo posteriormente reparación de la pared abdominal con uso de malla. Dado que los tumores desmoides y la endometriosis comparten signos clínicos similares y exámenes de imágenes inespecíficos, se deben considerar ambas opciones en caso de masas en la pared abdominal de mujeres en edad fértil, especialmente si tienen antecedentes de cirugía relacionada con el útero.

Cicatrización por segunda intención de heridas quirúrgicas obstétricas y ginecológicas complicadas con absceso de pared abdominal / Secondary intent healing of Obstetric and Gynecologic surgical wounds complicated by abdominal wall abscess

Objetivo: Evaluar la cicatrización por segunda intención en las heridas quirúrgicas obstétricas y ginecológicas complicadas con absceso de pared abdominal. Métodos: Estudio de tipo prospectivo, descriptivo, analítico y observacional, se estudiaron 38 pacientes con absceso de pared abdominal posterior a cesárea o cirugía ginecológica en quienes se implementó la cicatrización por segunda intención de la herida. Los datos obtenidos se expresaron como valores absolutos, en porcentajes y como media + desviación estándar. Se aplicó ANOVA para analizar los factores que influyeron en el tiempo de cierre de la herida, considerando un valor de p < 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: En cuanto a las características generales promedio se encontró edad 29,66 ± 10,65 años, peso 72,18 ± 14,21 kg, talla 1,62 ± 0,05 metros, e índice de masa corporal 27,62 ± 4,58 Kg/m2. Para los factores de riesgo, cirugías abdominales previas 44,74 %, infección urinaria 21,05 %, flujo vaginal 28,95 %, ruptura prematura de membranas 18,42 %, hipertensión arterial 39,47 %, diabetes 5,26 %, obesidad 31,58 % y tabaquismo 10,53 %. El germen más frecuente fue Staphylococcus aureus (35,14 %). El 52,63 % ameritó cambio de antibiótico. Se utilizaron apósitos en 55,26 %. El cierre de la herida tardó en promedio 31,30 ± 8,40 días. Las pacientes estuvieron 12,61 ± 5,78 días en hospitalización. Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales, la utilización de apósitos no acelera el tiempo de cicatrización de las heridas(AU)

Objective: Objective: To evaluate healing by secondary intention in obstetric and gynecological surgical wounds complicated by abdominal wall abscess. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, analytical, and observational study was conducted in 38 patients with abdominal wall abscess after cesarean section or gynecological surgery in whom healing by second intention of the wound was implemented. The data obtained were expressed as absolute values, in percentages and as mean + standard deviation. ANOVA was applied to analyze the factors that influenced wound closure time, considering a p-value < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Regarding the average general characteristics, age was 29.66 ± 10.65 years, weight 72.18 ± 14.21 kg, height 1.62 ± 0.05 meters, and body mass index 27.62 ± 4.58 Kg/m2. For risk factors, previous abdominal surgeries 44.74%, urinary tract infection 21.05%, vaginal discharge 28.95%, premature rupture of membranes 18.42%, hypertension 39.47%, diabetes 5.26%, obesity 31.58% and smoking 10.53%. The most frequent germ was Staphylococcus aureus (35.14%). A total of 52.63% required a change of antibiotic. Dressings were used in 55.26 %. It took an average of 31.30 ± 8.40 days to close the wound. Patients spent 12.61 ± 5.78 days in hospitalization. Conclusions: Good aesthetic and functional results were obtained; the use of dressings does not accelerate the wound healing time(AU)

Hernia de la línea arcuata, una patología poco difundida

La hernia de la línea arcuata (HLA), es una entidad claramente reconocida, sin embargo, existen escasas publicaciones al respecto. Corresponde a un defecto en la vaina posterior del músculo recto del abdomen, separándose la línea arcuata del musculo, formando un bolsillo, lo que corresponde a un defecto inter-parietal y no una verdadera hernia. Probablemente este subdiagnosticado y sub reportado. Su relevancia es que puede constituir una parte relevante de las consultas en servicio de urgencia por dolor abdominal sin etiología demostrada1. El diagnóstico debe sospecharse ante la presencia de dolor abdominal de tipo orgánico, sin otra etiología demostrada. Se confirma con imágenes, especialmente la tomografía computada. El tratamiento, apoyándose en lo reportado en la literatura, sugiere que la vía laparoscópica sería de elección. A continuación, analizamos la anatomía de la linea arcuata, la presentación clínica de esta afección, sus hallazgos imagenológicos, quirúrgicos, y las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento que se han propuesto en la literatura.

The arcuate line hernia is a clearly recognized entity, but of which little is mentioned. It corresponds to a defect in the posterior wall of the rectus abdominis, separating the arcuate line of the muscle, forming a pocket, which corresponds to an interparietal defect and not a true hernia. It is probably underdiagnosed and underreported. Its relevance is that it can constitute a significant part of the consultations in the emergency department for abdominal pain without proven etiology. The diagnosis should be suspected in the presence of organic abdominal pain, with no other proven etiology. It is confirmed with images, especially computed tomography. The treatment, based on what has been reported in the literature, suggests that the laparoscopic approach should be the choice. We analyze the anatomy of the arcuate line, its clinical presentation, imaging and surgical findings, and the different treatment alternatives that have been proposed in the literature.

Siguiendo la trayectoria de la abdominoplastia TULUA ­ Revelación de su evolución e impacto global / Tracing the Trajectory of TULUA Abdominoplasty ­ Unveiling its Evolution and Global Impact

La técnica de abdominoplastia TULUA, fue concebida por el Dr. Francisco Villegas en Colombia, su acrónimo en inglés refleja sus principios fundamentales: plicatura Transversal, Sin despegamiento, Liposucción sin restricción que incluye la línea media y flancos, Neo umbilicoplastia, ubicación baja de cicatriz y libre posición del ombligo. A lo largo de los últimos 12 años, la técnica TULUA ha ganado espacio en América Latina, Norteamérica, la zona árabe e India. Destacando su relevancia, se ha propuesto la publicación de un libro monográfico, programado para 2024, que abarcará desde los principios fundamentales hasta las experiencias internacionales con la técnica. Las indicaciones de la abdominoplastia TULUA han evolucionado, incluyendo casos estéticos, secundarios, hernias, cicatrices previas, pérdida masiva de peso, alta definición, aumento muscular y combinaciones con otras plicaturas. Ha sido aplicada con éxito en cierre del abdomen donante de reconstrucción mamaria. A través de investigaciones especializadas y revisiones de pares, la TULUA ha sido reconocida por su aplicabilidad y beneficios, especialmente en la realización segura de liposucción en abdominoplastias. Se sugieren estudios adicionales para evaluar los resultados y posibles complicaciones, abriendo oportunidades para una mayor comprensión y refinamiento. El futuro de la abdominoplastia TULUA parece prometedor, anticipando trabajos prospectivos, indicaciones adicionales y un enfoque gradual para cirujanos en formación. En última instancia, la técnica se presenta como una adición al repertorio de procedimientos estéticos abdominales, contribuyendo al avance de la cirugía abdominal estética.

The TULUA abdominoplasty technique, conceived by Dr. Francisco Villegas in Colombia, its acronym in English reflects its fundamental principles: Transverse plication, no Undermined flap above the umbilicus, Liposuction without restrictions including midline and flanks, Neo umbilicoplasty, low scar placement, and free umbilical positioning. Over the past 12 years, the TULUA technique has gained acceptance in Latin America, North America, the Arab region, and India. Highlighting its relevance, the publication of a monographic book has been proposed, its launch is scheduled for 2024, covering from fundamental principles to international experiences with the technique. Indications for TULUA abdominoplasty have evolved, including aesthetic cases, secondary cases, hernias, previous scars, massive weight loss, high definition, muscle augmentation, and combinations with other plications. It has been successfully applied in closing the donor abdomen for breast reconstruction. Through specialized research and peer reviews, TULUA has been recognized for its applicability and benefits, especially in safely performing liposuction during abdominoplasties. Additional studies are suggested to evaluate results and potential complications, opening opportunities for greater understanding and refinement. The future of TULUA abdominoplasty appears promising, anticipating prospective works, additional indications, and a gradual approach for surgeons in training. Ultimately, the technique presents itself as an addition to the repertoire of abdominal aesthetic procedures, contributing to the advancement of aesthetic abdominal surgery.

The evolution of incisional hernia repair in Spain. A comparative analysis of results from the EVEREG registry.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the EVEREG registry in evaluating the evolution of surgical treatment for incisional hernia and its outcomes in Spain by comparing data from 2 study periods. METHODS: A retrospective comparative analysis of hernia surgeries performed between 2011 and 2015 (first period) and between 2017 and 2022 (second period) was conducted using data collected from the EVEREG registry. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in the second cohort, including: a decrease in minimally invasive procedures (11.7% vs 8.2%; P < .001), an increase in emergency surgeries for males (31.7% vs 41.2%; P = .017), an increase in trocar hernia repairs (16% vs 26.2%; P < .0001), a reduction in suture repairs (2.8% vs 1.5%; P < .0001), and an increase in retromuscular techniques (36.4% vs 52.4%; P < .001) in open surgery with mesh. In elective surgery, there was a decrease in the average length of stay (4.9 vs 3.8 days; P < .0001), the percentage of complications (27.9% vs 24.0%; P < .0001), reoperations (3.5% vs 1.4%; P < .0001), and mortality (0.6% vs 0.2%; P = .002). Long-term outcomes included a decrease in recurrences after 12 months (20.7% vs 14.5%; P < .0001) and in chronic pain (13.7% vs 2.5%; P < .0001) and chronic infections (9.1% vs 14.5%; P < .0001) after 6 months. CONCLUSION: In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in the outcomes of incisional hernia treatment. The registry serves as a fundamental tool for assessing the evolution of hernia treatment and enables the identification of key areas for improvement and the evaluation of treatment outcomes.

Abdominal wall surgery units accreditation. The Spanish model.

The Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC) deems it essential to define and regulate the acquisition of high-specialization competencies within General Surgery and Gastrointestinal Surgery and proposes the Regulation for the accreditation of specialized surgical units. The AEC aims to define specialized surgical units as those functional elements of the health system that meet the defined requirements regarding their provision, solvency, and specialization in care, teaching, and research. In this paper we present the proposed accreditation model for Abdominal Wall Surgery Units, as well as the results of a survey conducted to assess the status of such units in our country. The model presented represents one of the pioneering initiatives worldwide concerning the accreditation of Abdominal Wall Surgery Units.

Alteraciones de la pared abdominal: onfalocele / Abdominal wall defects: omphalocele

Introducción: los defectos de la pared son malformaciones congénitas con herniación de algunos órganos de la cavidad abdominal, como es el onfalocele. La prevalencia calculada es 1/10.000 nacimientos en países occidentales, en Colombia se desconoce. El diagnóstico es pre o posnatal requiriendo una serie de exámenes clínicos sistémicos, evaluación diagnóstica secundaria y búsqueda de anomalías asociadas; el tratamiento ha mejorado las tasas de supervivencia entre 70 y 95%. Objetivo: dar a conocer la patología y correlacionar los hallazgos genéticos, ambientales, clínicos y exámenes complementarios para el diagnóstico oportuno, derivando así al paciente a un tratamiento óptimo con disminución de la mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: revisión actualizada de la literatura utilizando buscadores Pubmed, UpToDate y ClinicalKey con énfasis en revisiones sistemáticas, casos clínicos y principales guías clínicas internacionales. Después se envió al jefe del departamento de cirugía pediátrica y a la división de publicaciones para su conocimiento, revisión y aprobación. Resultados: se analizaron 17 artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años, seleccionando los más relevantes y con evidencia clínica actual. Discusión y conclusiones: los estudios recientes han evidenciado nuevos hallazgos que han mejorado la supervivencia y reducido la mortalidad en los últimos 50 años.

Introduction: abdominal wall defects are congenital malformations associated with herniated abdominal organs, such as omphalocele. Its estimated prevalence is 1 per 10.000 live births in western countries. In Colombia the prevalence of omphalocele remains unknown. Omphalocele may be pre or postnatally diagnosed. A series of systemic clinical exams, secondary diagnostic evaluation and assessment for accompanying anomalies, are necessary. Treatment has improved survival rate to 70 and 95%. Objective: to increase awareness of this anomaly and correlate genetic, environmental and clinical findings and complementary exams to enable the early diagnosis and referral of these patients to receive optimal treatment which will reduce mortality. Materials and methods: updated literature review using Pubmed, UpToDate and ClinicalKey search engines, focused on systematic reviews, clinical cases and main international clinical practice guidelines. Found data was submitted to the head of the pediatric surgery department and to the publications division for their information, review and approval Results: 17 articles published in the last 5 years including the most relevant which contained current clinical evidence, were selected. Discussion and conclusions: recent studies have evidenced new findings that have improved survival and reduced mortality in the last 50 years.

Are abbreviations and acronyms to describe hernia repair techniques overused and helpful? A proposal for rationalisation.

Surgeons use abbreviations and acronyms frequently to describe surgical techniques. Recent advances and innovations in repair of abdominal wall hernias, have given rise to a plenitude of novel acronyms. For each small deviation of an existing technique authors have proposed a novel acronym. Since an acronym is most of times not self-explaining it is often hard to understand literature, lectures, symposia programs and discussions in social media. Regularly, we discover different acronyms used for the same procedure and sometimes the same or similar acronyms are used for different techniques. A clear and non-ambivalent description of surgical techniques in the literature is most valuable to summarize scientific evidence in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We would like to propose a more rational use of abbreviations to describe hernia repair techniques based on the type of access, type of hernia, mesh position, type of mesh used and type of mesh fixation.

Hernia inguinoescrotal gigante: un caso infrecuente

Introducción: Las hernias de la pared abdominal afectan entre el 10% al 15% de la población mundial, siendo hasta el 60% de estas hernias inguinales. Las hernias inguinales gigantes son poco comunes, pero con una gran carga de enfermedad para el paciente. Caso Clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 51 años, con antecedente de diabetes mellitus tipo II, proveniente de zona rural aislada, por cuatro días de evolución consistente en quemadura escrotal por metal caliente, relacionada a una hernia inguinoescrotal derecha gigante. Es llevado a intervención quirúrgica por cirugía general y urología. Por adecuada evolución clínica se da de alta al 5° día posoperatorio. Discusión: Las hernias inguinales gigantes son raras y frecuentemente se presentan en pacientes de bajo estrato socioeconómico, procedencia rural y cierto grado de negligencia. El reto del equipo quirúrgico consiste en lidiar con los posibles efectos adversos de la reducción del contenido herniario en un abdomen con diversos grados de pérdida del dominio. Se puede requerir resección o debulking del contenido abdominal o la expansión de la cavidad abdominal mediante frenectomía, neumoperitoneo progresivo perioperatorio o la creación de hernias ventrales mediante maniobras avanzadas. La reparación con malla libre de tensión disminuye el riesgo de recurrencia. Conclusión: La hernia inguinal gigante es una patología rara. El cirujano general está llamado a conocer el abanico de opciones que existen en caso de enfrentarse a estos pacientes, lo cual ayuda a reducir la elevada morbimortalidad y altas tasas de recurrencia.

Introduction: Abdominal wall hernias affect between 10% to 15% of the world population and up to 60% of these are inguinal hernias. Giant inguinal hernias are rare, but have high burden of disease for the patients. Clinical Case: We present the case of a 51-year-old patient, with a history of type II diabetes mellitus, from an isolated rural area, with four days of a scrotal burn by hot metal, related to a giant right inguinoscrotal hernia. He is taken to surgical intervention by general surgery and urology. Due to adequate clinical evolution, he was discharged on the 5th postoperative day. Discussion: Giant inguinal hernias are rare and frequently occur in patients of low socioeconomic status, rural origin and a certain degree of neglect. The challenge for the surgical team consist in dealing with the potential adverse effects of reducing hernia contents in an abdomen with varying degrees of loss of normal capacity. Resection or debulking of the abdominal contents or expansion of the abdominal cavity by frenectomy, perioperative progressive pneumoperitoneum, or the creation of ventral hernias by advanced maneuvers may be required. Tension-free mesh repair decreases the risk of recurrence. Conclusion: Giant inguinal hernia is a rare pathology. The general surgeon is called to know the range of options that exist in the event of facing these patients, which helps to reduce the high morbidity and mortality and high rates of recurrence.

Experiencia del tratamiento de la hernia incisional en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia / Experience of the treatment of incisional hernia in a third level hospital in Colombia

Introducción. El manejo de las hernias se ha instaurado como un problema quirúrgico común, estimándose su aumento en los próximos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el curso clínico, los aspectos del tratamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones en pacientes intervenidos por hernia incisional. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron las características de una cohorte de pacientes llevados a corrección quirúrgica de hernia incisional en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, un centro de alta complejidad en Neiva, Colombia, entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados en programa Microsoft Excel® y analizados en SPSSTM, versión 21. Resultados. Se realizaron 133 correcciones de hernias incisionales, 69,9 % en mujeres y la mayoría ubicadas en la línea media (84,2 %). La edad media de los pacientes al momento de la intervención fue de 52 años ±14,6. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron obesidad, hipertensión y diabetes. La causa más frecuente de la hernia fue traumática (61,7 %). La frecuencia de complicaciones fue superior al 50 %, en su mayoría menores; se encontró asociación con obesidad para la presencia de seroma. La mortalidad fue del 2,3 %. Conclusión.La hernia incisional es un problema de salud pública. Consideramos que la obesidad y el uso de malla pueden ser factores de riesgo asociados con la presentación de complicaciones postoperatorias, así como el aumento de los gastos relacionados con días de hospitalización

Introduction. Hernias management has become a common surgical problem, with an estimated increase in the coming years. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course, aspects of surgical treatment and factors associated with the presence of complications in patients operated on for incisional hernia. Methods. Descriptive study, in which the characteristics of a cohort of patients taken to surgical correction of incisional hernia at the Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, a high complexity medical center located in Neiva, Colombia, between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed, whose data were collected in Microsoft Excel® software and analyzed in SPSSTM, version 21. Results. One-hundred-thirty-three incisional hernia corrections were performed. The mean age at the intervention was 52 years ±14.6. The most frequent comorbidities were weight disorders, hypertension and diabetes. Only one laparoscopy was performed, the first etiology of the hernia was traumatic (61.7%) and midline (84.2%). The frequency of complications was greater than 50%, mostly minors. An association with obesity was found for the presence of seroma. Mortality was 2.3%. Conclusion. Incisional hernia is a public health problem. We consider that obesity and the use of mesh are a risk factor associated with the presentation of postoperative complications as well as the increase in costs related to days of hospitalization

Caracterización de un grupo de pacientes sometidos a herniorrafia lateral con malla retromuscular en un centro de tercer nivel de 2015 a 2019 / Characterization of a group of patients who underwent lateral herniorrhaphy with retromuscular mesh in a third level center from 2015 to 2019

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características de la población y determinar las principales complicaciones de los pacientes que son llevados a cirugía por hernia lateral en el abdomen. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo, que incluyó a los pacientes sometidos a herniorrafia lateral, entre 2015 y 2019 en un centro de tercer nivel. La información se obtuvo del registro de historias clínicas. Las variables analizadas se clasificaron según las características sociodemográficas de los pacientes, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se hizo una caracterización de acuerdo con los resultados encontrados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 51 pacientes con hernia lateral, 29 de ellos mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 59 años y de índice de masa corporal de 28 kg/m2. El 60 % tenía comorbilidades de base, siendo la hipertensión arterial la más frecuente. La mayoría se clasificaron como ASA II. En cuanto a la localización, la L3 fue la más común (37,2 %). Se presentaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas en el 27,4 % de los pacientes, siendo las más frecuentes seromas, hematomas e infecciones de sitio operatorio. Ningún paciente requirió reintervención para el manejo de las complicaciones. Conclusión. Conocer la población y determinar cuáles son las principales complicaciones postquirúrgicas de un procedimiento permite tomar medidas para disminuir su frecuencia, pero en este caso, se necesitan estudios adicionales para determinar cuáles son los mayores factores asociados a las complicaciones

Introduction. To describe the characteristics of the population and to determine the main complications of patients who undergo surgery for lateral hernia. Methods. We performed a retrospective observational study, including patients who underwent lateral herniorrhaphy between 2015 and 2019 in a third-level medical center, obtaining information through the registration of medical records. The analyzed variables were classified according to the patients' clinical, surgical and sociodemographic characteristics, performing a characterization according to the results found. Results. Fifty-one patients due to lateral hernia were included, 29 of them were women, with a mean age of 59 years and a body mass index of 28 Kg/m2. Of those, 60% presented basic comorbidities, being arterial hypertension the most frequent. Most were classified as ASA II. Regarding the location, the L3 was the most commonly presented hernia, referring to 37.2%. Postoperative complications occurred in 27.4% of the patients, with seromas being the most frequent, followed by hematomas and surgical site infections. No patient required reintervention for the management of complications. Conclusion. By knowing the population and determining which are the main complications, measures can be taken to reduce their incidence. Additional studies are needed to determine which are the main factors associated with complications

Parálisis abdominal unilateral posterior a herpes zóster. Reporte de caso / Unilateral abdominal paralysis following herpes zoster. Case report

Resumen Introducción: el virus de la varicela zoster (VVZ) es un alfa herpesvirus, que causa la varicela y el herpes zóster (HZ). El HZ se manifiesta por la reactivación del VVZ, que persiste de forma latente en los ganglios de las raíces sensoriales dorsales o craneales después de la infección primaria. El HZ causa un rash extremadamente doloroso y con lesiones vesiculares y pruriginosas autolimitadas. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 71 años de edad con cuadro clínico de 20 días de evolución consistente en dolor intenso de tipo urente, localizado en los dermatomas T11-T12 del lado derecho, intensidad 8/10 en escala subjetiva del dolor y asociado con lesiones vesiculares, eritematosas y muy pruriginosas. Además, el paciente presentaba distensión del flanco abdominal derecho. La electromiografía informó una lesión parcial del 50% de los nervios intercostales derechos, con fenómeno de denervación parcial. Conclusiones: la parálisis abdominal postherpética es una complicación rara del HZ y requiere su reconocimiento para emitir un diagnóstico correcto y evitar intervenciones innecesarias.

Abstract Introduction: varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an alpha herpesvirus, which causes chickenpox and herpes zoster (HZ). HZ is manifested by reactivation of VZV, which persists latently in dorsal or cranial sensory root ganglia after primary infection. HZ causes an extremely painful rash with self-limited vesicular and itchy lesions. Case presentation: a 71-year-old male patient with a clinical picture of 20 days of evolution consisting of intense burning pain, located in the T11-T12 dermatomes on the right side, intensity 8/10 on the subjective pain scale and associated with vesicular, erythematous and very itchy lesions. Moreover, the patient presented distension of the right abdominal flank. Electromyography reported a partial lesion of 50% of the right intercostal nerves, with a phenomenon of partial denervation. Conclusions: postherpetic abdominal paralysis is a rare complication of HZ and requires its recognition to issue a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary interventions.

Pulsed radiofrequency in a paediatric patient with disabling ACNES.

Chronic abdominal pain is a highly prevalent entity in the paediatric population and represents a diagnostic challenge for professionals. It is frequently underdiagnosed, and must be treated by a multidisciplinary team after a detailed clinical evaluation has been performed to rule out other pathologies. Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES) occurs when the anterior cutaneous abdominal nerves become pinched or trapped, causing intense, unilateral, circumscribed abdominal pain. Patients often present a positive Pinch test or Carnett's sign. A stepwise therapeutic approach should be used, reserving the most invasive techniques for patients with refractory ACNES. Among the many different treatments available, local anaesthesia infiltration has shown a high success rate, and surgery should only be performed in the most refractory cases. We report the case of an 11-year old girl with a 6-month history of ACNES that severely affected her quality of life, who responded well to pulsed radiofrequency ablation.

National survey of colorectal surgery units on abdominal wall closure.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to assess the current status and knowledge of the Spanish colorectal surgeons on the wall closure. METHODS: A single answer questionnaire of 25 closed questions was conducted using specific software for online surveys that was distributed to a cohort of colorectal surgeons. RESULTS: 53 surgeons replied to the survey. The vast majority prefer a closure of the midlaparotomy with a very slow absorbing monofilament (67.92%) continuous suture (96.23%) in a single plane (81.13%). Mass stitches, retention systems, and loop sutures continue to be used. The most commonly used suture gauge was USP 1 (United States Pharmacopeia) (58.49%). The most commonly used needle is with a cylindrical body and a trocar tip. Only 50%, routinely perform wall closure after placement of a trocar equal to or greater than 10 mm. Almost everyone knows the 4:1 rule and thinks it should be applied, but the small bites technique is not performed. 50% would never place a prophylactic prosthesis. The closure is usually performed by the same surgeon who has performed the entire procedure. One out of five confesses not knowing the rate of incisional hernias in his unit. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of consensus and basic knowledge regarding the technical aspects of closure and the prevention of the appearance of incisional hernias. The use of slow absorbing monofilament continuous suture in a single plane seems well accepted.

Incidence and risk factors for incisional hernia after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

INTRODUCTION: Incisional hernia (IH) is common after open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Recent studies reported incidence rates higher than previously stated. The aim of this study was to quantify the IH incidence after open AAA surgery. The secondary outcome was to identify the risk factors associated with the development of an IH. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of all consecutive patients who underwent an open repair of AAA, from January 2010 to June 2018, at our institution. Patients were free of abdominal wall hernias at the moment of inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from electronic records: baseline characteristics, surgical factors, and postoperative events. Computed tomography (CT) scans performed during follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 157 patients were analysed. The IH incidence after open repair of AAA was 46.5% (73 patients). The median time for IH development was 24.43 months (IQR: 10.40-45.27), while the median follow-up time was 37.20 months (IQR: 20.53-64.12). The risk factors linked to IH were: active (HR: 4.535; 95% CI: 1.369-15.022) or previous smoking habit (HR: 4.652; 95% CI: 1.430-15.131), chronic kidney disease (HR: 2.007; 95% CI: 1.162-3.467) and previous abdominal surgery (HR: 1.653; 95% CI: 1.014-2.695). CONCLUSION: The incisional hernia after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair affected a high proportion of the intervened patients. Previous abdominal surgery, chronic kidney disease, and smoking habit were independent factors for the development of an incisional hernia.

Mucormicosis periostomal posoperatoria, a propósito de un caso / Mucormycosis periostomal: case report

Resumen Introducción: La mucormicosis en una enfermedad infrecuente y oportunista que afecta, principalmente, a pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Pocas veces se han reportado casos de afectación periostomal. Clínicamente puede ser confundida con otras patologías, pudiendo tener una evolución fulminante, por lo que un adecuado y pronto diagnóstico son necesarios para una instauración precoz del tratamiento. Caso Clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 62 años inmunocomprometida, que tras complicaciones quirúrgicas evoluciona con mucormicosis periostomal de la pared abdominal. A pesar de un tratamiento quirúrgico con múltiples resecciones de tejido asociado a antifúngico local y sistémico, la paciente fallece, concordante a la letalidad expresada en la literatura.

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a rare and opportunistic disease that mainly affects immunocompromised patients. Few cases of peristomal involvement have been reported. Clinically it can be confused with other pathologies and may have a fulminant evolution, so an adequate and prompt diagnosis is necessary for an early establishment of treatment. Clinical Case: We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompromised patient who, after surgical complications, evolves with periostomal mucormycosis of the abdominal wall. Despite surgical treatment with multiple tissue resections, associated with local and systemic antifungal agents, the patient died, consistent with the lethality expressed in the literature.

Endometriosis de la pared abdominal en relación con cicatriz de operación cesárea: serie de casos / Abdominal wall endometriosis in relation to cesarean section scar: number of cases

RESUMEN: La endometriosis (E), se define como presencia de glándulas endometriales y estroma fuera del útero. Ocasionalmente se presenta como masa sensible en la pared abdominal (PA), en relación con una cicatriz quirúrgica (EPA). Aunque el tratamiento es quirúrgico, existe poca información respecto de la morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO) y la recurrencia de la EPA. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar MPO y recurrencia en pacientes resecadas quirúrgicamente por EPA. Serie de casos de pacientes con EPA, sometidos a cirugía de forma consecutiva, en Clínica RedSalud Mayor, entre 2011 y 2021. Las variables resultados MPO y recurrencia. Otras variables de interés fueron: tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Las pacientes fueron seguidas de forma clínica. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se intervinieron 14 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 33 años. La medianas del tiempo quirúrgico y estancia hospitalaria; fueron 55 min y 2,5 días respectivamente. La MPO fue 14,2 % (2 casos). Con una mediana de seguimiento de 31 meses, no se verificó recurrencia. Aunque la EPA es poco común, estas lesiones deben sospecharse en mujeres en edad reproductiva con masa palpable en relación con una cicatriz de cirugía ginecológica u obstétrica. Los resultados obtenidos, en términos de MPO y recurrencia, fueron similares a series internacionales.

SUMMARY: Endometriosis (E) is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and endometrial stroma outside the uterus. Occasionally it presents as a sensitive mass in the abdominal wall (AW), in relation to a surgical scar (AWE). Although the treatment is surgical, there is scarce information regarding postoperative morbidity (POM) and recurrence of AWE. The aim of this study was to determine POM and recurrence in patients surgically resected by AWE. Case series of patients with AWE, consecutively submitted to surgery, at RedSalud Mayor Clinic, between 2011 and 2021. Outcome variables were POM and recurrence. Other variables of interest were surgical time, hospital stay and mortality. Patients were followed-up clinically. Descriptive statistics were used, applying central tendency and dispersion measures. 14 patients were intervened, with a median age of 33 years. Median of surgical time and hospital stay were 55 min and 2,5 days respectively. POM was 14.2 % (2 cases). With a median follow-up of 31 months no recurrence was verified. Although AWE is uncommon, these lesions should be suspected in women in fertile age with a palpable mass associated with a scar from gynecologic or obstetric surgery. The results obtained, in terms of POM and recurrence, were like international series.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la fibromatosis agresiva en relación con cesárea previa / Surgical treatment of aggressive fibromatosis in relation to previous cesarean section

Introducción. Los tumores desmoides son lesiones de los tejidos blandos, histológicamente benignas, poco frecuentes y con gran agresividad local y carencia de potencial metastásico. Se relacionan estrechamente con antecedentes traumáticos o quirúrgicos, como la cesárea, y su tratamiento generalmente es quirúrgico. Métodos. Presentamos una serie de tres pacientes intervenidas en nuestro centro durante el año 2020. Se revisan sus antecedentes y se describe su tratamiento. Resultados. En todas nuestras pacientes se encontró algún antecedente quirúrgico, dos cesáreas y una resección de un disgerminoma. El tratamiento empleado fue la resección quirúrgica con márgenes libres y reparación del defecto mediante malla. Conclusiones. El tumor desmoide es una patología poco frecuente, su diagnóstico se realiza mediante exámenes imagenológicos y se confirma con el estudio histológico; es importante hacer el diagnóstico diferencial con el sarcoma. La cirugía radical sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección, aunque algunos autores proponen el tratamiento conservador.

Introduction. Desmoid tumors are soft tissue lesions, histologically benign, rare and with great local aggressiveness and lack of metastatic potential. They are closely related to traumatic or surgical history such as caesarean section. Their treatment is generally surgical. Methods. We present a case series of three patients operated on in our center during the year 2020. Their history is reviewed and their type of treatment is presented. Results. In all our patients, surgical history was found (two caesarean sections and one resection of a dysgerminoma). The treatment used was surgical resection with free margins and mesh repair of the defect. Conclusions. Desmoid tumor is a rare pathology; its diagnosis is made by imaging studies, and confirmed by histology. It is important to make a differential diagnosis with sarcoma. Radical surgery remains the treatment of choice, although some authors propose conservative treatment.

Negative pressure therapy in abdominal wall surgery.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is widely known in surgical practice. The initial indications for NPWT were chronic wounds, especially diabetic foot, vascular and decubitus ulcers, and infected traumatic wounds. Nowadays, the use has been widely increased. Although in the field of abdominal wall surgery, it has mainly been used in the treatment of surgical wound complications after hernia repair, other indications have been added after years of experience in the management of NPWT. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze and review the main indications of NPWT in abdominal wall surgery, as well as the advantages obtained with its application.