RESUMO
The phytochemical profiles of the ethyl acetate (EAFCA) and n-butanol (BFCA) fractions of the aerial parts of Cistus albidus L., were characterised by a developed LC-ESI-MS/MS method, using 53 fingerprint phytochemicals, revealing the presence of 26 and 22 compounds, respectively with quinic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, gentisic acid, tannic acid, ellagic acid, quercitrin, astragalin as the major compounds of the EAFCA, in very higher amounts than in the BFCA. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using six methods (DPPHâ¢, ABTSâ¢+, GORâ¢, CUPRAC, FRAP and Phenanthroline). In agreement with its highest polyphenolic content (430.12 ± 1.02 µg GAE/mg of extract) and largest amounts of identified polyphenolics, the EAFCA exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than the BFCA. Additionally, the EAFCA showed the highest acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (IC50 of 25.1 ± 2.58 µg/mL). Moreover, both EAFCA and BFCA demonstrated high photoprotective activity, with sun protection factor (SPF) values of 36.49 and 36.52, respectively.
RESUMO
RESUMO Euphorbia tirucalli Linneau, conhecida popularmente como "avelós", "cachorro pelado" ou "pau-pelado", é utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de câncer, antibiótico e antivirótico. As plantas medicinais são, frequentemente, utilizadas com o intuito de substituir ou auxiliar as terapias convencionais no tratamento de várias doenças, inclusive para evitar os malefícios causados por radiações ultravioletas. Com isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial fotoprotetor e a triagem fitoquímica do extrato etanólico das partes aéreas de avelós. A atividade fotoprotetora foi avaliada por meio de ensaios in vitro segundo o método adaptado de Mansur, utilizando extrato etanólico das partes aéreas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o estudo fitoquímico evidenciou a presença de açúcares redutores, alcaloides, fenóis, flavonoides, taninos, saponinas, esteroides e triterpenóides na fração etanólica. O extrato apresentou capacidade antioxidante (EC50) de 16,98 ± 0,35 µg.mL-1, teor de compostos fenólicos de 96,18 ± 1,33 mg EqAG/g e flavonoides de 63,57 ± 2,74 mg EqC/g que podem favorecer a atividade fotoprotetora. Avaliando o fator de proteção solar, pode-se observar que todas as concentrações testadas (0,01 a 0,1 µg.mL-1) apresentaram potencial de fotoproteção da radiação ultravioleta com variação de FPS de 6,05 a 19,84, respectivamente. Esses resultados sugerem que o extrato etanólico de Euphorbia tirucalli Linneau apresenta possível efeito fotoprotetor
ABSTRACT Euphorbia tirucalli Linneau, popularly known as "avelos", "naked cock" or "naked dog", is used in popular medicinein order to treat cancer, antibiotic and antiviral diseases. Herbal medicines are often employed in order to assist or replace conventional therapies for the treatment of several diseases, including the prevention of the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the photoprotective potential and phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of avelos. The photoprotective activity was assessed by in vitrotrials according to the method adapted from Mansur, using the ethanol extract of the aerial parts. The results showed that the phytochemical study revealed the presence of reducing sugars, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids in ethanolic fraction. The extract showed antioxidant activity (EC50) of 16,98 ± 0,35 µg.mL-1, phenolic contents of 96,18 ± 1,33 mg EqAG/g and 63,57 ± 2,74 flavonoids from mg EqC/g that can advantage the photoprotective activity. Assessing the sun protection factor, it can be observed that all the tested concentrations (0,01 to 0,1 µg.mL-1) showed potential for photoprotection from ultraviolet radiation with a range of 6,05 to 19,84 FPS, respectively. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Euphorbia tirucalli Linneau presents possible photoprotective effect