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1.
Iran J Parasitol ; 19(2): 203-213, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39011534

RESUMO

Background: Leishmaniasis is highly prevalent worldwide, and while conventional medicine offers numerous treatment methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis, Iranian traditional medicine suggests various remedies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an herbal combination containing Indigofera argentea leaves, Pistacia atlantica resin, and Salvia hispanica seeds in patients with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: This study was conducted at the Leishmaniasis Department of Chabahar Health Center in southeastern Iran in 2021. It was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial involving 68 patients enrolled after clinical diagnosis, examination of smear samples using Giemsa staining, and PCR confirmation. The volunteers were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Both groups received 'Glucantime ® as the primary medication weekly until complete healing or up to 12 weeks. Glucantime ® was administered intralesionally at a dosage of 0.1 cc on the wound's margin, with repeat injections at 1 cm intervals along the wound edge when necessary. In addition to the main drug, the intervention group received the herbal product topically twice daily until wound healing or for up to 4 weeks, while the control group received a placebo in the same manner. Results: 82.35% of patients in the intervention group and 20.58% in the control group achieved complete healing within four weeks. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The herbal product demonstrated effectiveness in treating patients with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.

2.
Iran J Pharm Res ; 23(1): e142203, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39005733

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, including deficits in memory and other cognitive functions. Oxidative stress and free radical damage play significant roles in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Pistacia atlantica gum (administered at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for 14 days) in a rat model of AD induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3). Behavioral changes were assessed using open field, passive avoidance, and elevated plus maze tests. Additionally, nitrite levels, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and immunostaining were evaluated. Administration of P. atlantica gum significantly increased step-through latency in the passive avoidance test (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), enhanced mobility in the open field test (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (P < 0.001) compared to the AlCl3 group. Treatment with the gum partially normalized the elevated levels of NF-κB and the decreased levels of BDNF caused by AlCl3 exposure. Our findings suggest that P. atlantica gum administration may alleviate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in AD rats.

3.
Brain Behav ; 14(6): e3539, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38849974

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Maternal hypoxia disrupts neural development and subsequently leads to cerebral palsy and epilepsy in newborns. Hypoxia plays a role in neurodegeneration by increasing oxidative stress. Pistacia atlantica is known as an important antioxidant, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been shown in various studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves (MEPaLs) on the oxidative parameters in the serum of rats affected by maternal hypoxia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, eight pregnant rats were used. The newborns were divided into four groups, including the control and the hypoxia groups, which are affected by maternal hypoxia, hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg, and hypoxia + MEPaL 150 mg/kg. MEPaL was injected (i.p) for 21 days into the neonatal rats after the lactation period. Hypoxia was induced by keeping pregnant rats in a hypoxic chamber with 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen intensity for 3 h on the 20th day of pregnancy. Behavioral changes were measured using open-field and rotarod tests. Finally, biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), GSSG, TAS, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the experimental groups. RESULTS: Behavioral results showed that the anxiety behavior in the hypoxia group increased, but the motor activity (moved distance and movement speed) decreased. Moreover, the amount of time spent maintaining balance on the rotarod rod was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The concentration of NO in the group of hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg showed a significant decrease, and MEPaL 100, and 150 mg/kg + hypoxia also increased the concentration of GSH and decreased GSSG. In addition, MEPaL100 and 150 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the ratio of GSH to GSSG and decreased OSI and total oxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress increased in the rats affected by maternal hypoxia and may be the main mechanism for motor activity impairment and balance disturbance, whereas MELaL improved motor performance by decreasing oxidative stress.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais , Animais , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Ratos Wistar , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa/sangue , Masculino , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/sangue
4.
J Tradit Complement Med ; 14(3): 335-342, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38707920

RESUMO

Background and aim: Baneh (Pistacia atlantica) is a plant species that is commonly consumed as food and has a long-standing traditional use as a sexual enhancer. Despite its widespread use, a limited amount of academic and scientific literature is available regarding its potential impact on the reproductive system. The present research aimed to study the effect of a diet enriched with Baneh on the female rats' reproductive system. Experimental procedure: Three groups of rats (n = 8) were subjected to the intended diet for six weeks. Subsequently, their histomorphometric parameters, sex hormone levels, as well as the expression of oxytocin (OXT) and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) genes were measured. The rats' serum vitamin D, zinc, and lipid profiles were also evaluated. Results and conclusion: Results revealed that compared to the normal food, the diet containing 20 % Baneh significantly increased the progesterone and estradiol levels three and two times, respectively. It decreased the total body weight while increasing the ratio of ovary weight to the body weight. Furthermore, the Baneh-enriched diet raised HDL, zinc, and vitamin D levels, though it reduced the LDL and TG levels by 15 µg/dl and 24 µg/dl, respectively, and the concentration of ovary malondialdehyde decreased by 50 % in the treated group. Also, the diet increased the follicle graph, corpus luteum, the thickness of the epithelium, the number of endometrial glands, and the expression of both OXT and OXTR genes. Our findings suggested that P. atlantica could considerably improve the female sex hormone levels and their reproductive system.

5.
Trials ; 24(1): 473, 2023 Jul 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37488571

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is regarded as a complex metabolic disorder. Recently, the role of dietary antioxidants in the underlying pathogenesis and complications of MetS has come into focus. Pistacia atlantica oil is known as a high antioxidant oil which might improve the antioxidant status of dietary oils and also oxidative stress markers. On the other hand, tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is an approved food-grade synthetic antioxidant that acts both as an inducer and inhibitor of carcinogenesis. The current trial will explore the possible effect of a blend of Pistacia atlantica seed-canola oils, corn-canola oils with TBHQ, and corn-canola oil without TBHQ on oxidative stress markers in patients with MetS. METHODS: We will conduct a single-center, triple-blind, three-way randomized cross-over clinical trial (RCT) among 72 patients with MetS. After a 1-month run-in period, eligible participants will consume the intervention oils as their regularly consumed oils in a random order. Each intervention period will last 8 weeks separated by 4-week washout periods. Anthropometric indices, body composition, physical activity, blood pressure, and 24-h dietary food recall measurements will be assessed at the beginning and the end of each intervention period. The primary outcome will be oxidative stress markers including serum total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and the enzyme activity of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The secondary outcomes will be changes in MetS components including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and anthropometric measurements. DISCUSSION: Pistacia atlantica seed oil is high in antioxidants. An intervention with this oil could offer an option for oxidative stress prevention among patients with metabolic syndrome. The present clinical trial will be the first one assessing the impact of Pistacia atlantica oil on human oxidative stress markers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical trials IRCT20130223012571N8 . Registered on 4 March 2022.


Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica , Pistacia , Humanos , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Óleo de Milho , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo , Pistacia/metabolismo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Óleo de Brassica napus/farmacologia , Zea mays/metabolismo , Estudos Cross-Over
6.
Phytother Res ; 37(9): 3698-3711, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37428094

RESUMO

To determine the pharmaceutical applications, we assessed the evidence from preclinical studies about the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant potential of Pistacia atlantica (PA) as a natural source for prevention and treatment of diabetes. A comprehensive literature search of the articles published until March 12, 2022 was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases, using relevant keywords. This meta-analysis included 12 articles that examined the blood glucose (BG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size. Findings indicated that PA supplementation significantly decreased BG, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, and MDA, and increased insulin and SOD in diabetic animals compared with control group (p < .05). However, PA supplementation had no significant effects on HDL-C (p > .05). The subgroup analysis also confirmed the beneficial effect of PA supplementation with longer duration (>4 weeks) and higher doses (≥100 mg/kg/day) as well as in the extract type. The studies have heterogeneity associated with methodological diversity and there were some concerns about the risk of bias, especially about randomization and blind outcome assessment. This meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activity of PA in animals. Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Resistência à Insulina , Pistacia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Glicemia/análise , Insulina , Superóxido Dismutase , Triglicerídeos , Colesterol
7.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants ; 29(2): 209-219, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36875728

RESUMO

In this study, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and antimicrobial property of P. atlantica Desf. subsp. atlantica leaf-bud extract have been investigated. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined in vivo by reducing carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice, while the antiradical function was evaluated using DPPH, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduction power assays. The extract induced a significant reduction of the edema, from 1 to 6 h in a dose-dependent manner (150, 200 and 300 mg/kg). Histological observations of the inflamed tissues also confirmed this. An effective antioxidant activity of the plant samples was demonstrated, showing an EC50 = 0.183 ± 0.005 mg/mL for the DPPH test, a value of 28.776 ± 2.541 mg AAE/g for the TAC and an EC50 = 0.136 ± 0.003 mg/mL for reducing power. The leaf-bud extract also revealed a good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes (mean diameter of inhibition zones of 13.2 and 17.0 mm, respectively), while a slight antifungal effect was observed. The plant preparation was then documented to inhibit tyrosinase activity, with an EC50 value of 0.098 ± 0.00 mg/mL in a dose-dependent manner. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that dimethyl-allyl caffeic acid and rutin were the most abundant molecules. The current data documented that P. atlantica leaf-bud extract has strong biological properties and constitutes a potential source of pharmacological molecules.

8.
Molecules ; 28(1)2023 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36615545

RESUMO

Pistacia Atlantica in folk medicine is used by Algerian traditional healers for treating a wide variety of diseases and conditions including dyspepsia, digestive problems, peptic ulcers, and, in particular, inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity (using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS+, and reducing power methods), enzyme inhibitory activity (towards α-amylase and urease), antibacterial activity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica collected from different parts of the Djelfa region of Algeria. According to the findings, various aqueous extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities in all tests, but showed that they have a weak inhibitory effect against all tested bacterial strains. Twenty-one minerals comprising both macro- and microelements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U, and Zn) were determined using the technique of neutron activation analysis (INAA). The result indicates that the concentration of the mineral element is close to the minimal FAO recommendation. In addition, the result revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities. The data generated can be a valuable source of information for the pharmaceutical industry and medical research. These results suggest that the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica have an appropriate potential to be utilized across a wide range of contexts as an agent with multifunctional uses, as well as a natural remedy for other physiological diseases.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Pistacia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Pistacia/química , Urease , Extratos Vegetais/química , Frutas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/análise , Minerais/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Amilases
9.
Curr Comput Aided Drug Des ; 19(3): 176-191, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36336813

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to identify new selective inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, monoacylglycerol lipase, beta-secretase, and Asparagine endopeptidase, the targets enzymes in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of P. atlantica Desf. methanol extracts against AChE were determined using Ellman's method. The molecular docking study is achieved using Autodock Vina. The structures of the molecules 3-methoxycarpachromene, masticadienonic acid, 7-ethoxycoumarin, 3',5,7- trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone and 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol-3-O-rutinoside and the five enzymes were obtained from the PubChem database and Protein databank. ADMET parameters were checked to confirm their pharmacokinetics using swiss-ADME and ADMET-SAR servers. RESULTS: P. atlantica Desf. methanol extracts showed a notable inhibitory effect against AChE (IC50 = 0.26 ± 0.004 mg/ml). The molecular docking results of 3-methoxycarpachromene, masticadienonic acid, 7-ethoxycoumarin, 3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone and 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol-3-Orutinoside with the five enzymes show significant affinities of these molecules towards Alzheimer disease targets, where they could form several interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the studied enzymes. The shortest hydrogen bond is 1.7 A° between masticadienonic acid and Arg128 of the active site of BACE, while the lowest free energy is -11.2 of the complex 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol-3-O-rutinoside -HuBchE. To the best of our knowledge, these molecules' potential anti-Alzheimer disease effect is studied in this paper for the first time. CONCLUSION: The docking studies of this work show that 3-methoxycarpachromene and masticadienonic acid, 7-ethoxycoumarin, 3',5,7-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone and 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol- 3-O-rutinoside have good affinities towards the enzymes involved in Alzheimer pathology, which confirm the ability of these molecules to inhibit the studied enzymes namely: HuAChE, HuBChE, BACE, MAGL, and AEP. These molecules might become drug candidates to prevent Alzheimer's disease.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Pistacia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Butirilcolinesterase , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Metanol , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química
10.
J Tradit Complement Med ; 12(4): 345-353, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35747351

RESUMO

Background and aim: Alongside the advancement of various modern treatments, attention has recently been focused on finding alternative infertility treatments based on diet and herbal medicine. Pistacia atlantica (wild pistachio; Baneh) is a plant species traditionally known as a libido booster and sexual enhancer. Experimental procedure: The study aim was to evaluate the effects of a P. atlantica-enriched diet on the functions of the reproductive system of male rats. Results and conclusion: Results revealed that the diet containing 20% P. atlantica doubled testosterone levels in the treatment group compared to the control. It decreased the total bodyweight, while significantly increased the ratios of the seminal vesicles, testis, and epididymis to the bodyweight of rats. The sperm count in the treatment group was 4.8 × 106/mL, which was significantly more than the control group (4.2 × 106/mL). Furthermore, the utilization of P. atlantica significantly raised HDL levels, though it reduced the LDL and TG levels and the concentration of testis MDA. Concerning other factors, the 20% of P. atlantica considerably increased the serum level of Zinc and vitamin D. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the diet increased the testicular capsule thickness, whereas it did not cause any significant change in the diameter of the seminiferous tubule, the number of Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells. Additionally, the repopulation index, tubular differentiation index, and spermiogenesis index increased in the treatment group. Molecular analysis showed that the prescribed diet increased the expression of both oxytocin (OXT) and its receptor (OXTR) genes, improving the reproductive system function.

11.
Curr Comput Aided Drug Des ; 18(4): 307-317, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35713136

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Through this study, the Chemical composition realized by UHPLC-DADESI- MSn allowed the detection of different phenolic compound groups from Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves extracts. We studied the inhibition of main protease (CL3 Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the SARS-CoV-2 by the identified molecules through molecular docking. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to identify compounds from Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves extracts, which might have anti-viral effects. METHODS: Chemical composition was realized by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, and the inhibition of the main protease (CL3 Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the SARS-CoV-2 was studied using molecular docking with Autodock Vina software. ADMET analysis was carried out. RESULTS: The identified compounds are quinic acid, digallic acid, galloylquinic acid, gallic acid, trigallic acid, digalloylquinic acids, trigalloylquinic acids and methyl gallate; digallic and quinic acids are the best inhibitors. Digallic acid had binding affinity energy (BAE) of -8.2 kcal/mol, and Ki of 1µM for the CL3 Mpro, Ki of 0.62 mM for the RdRp. Quinic acid showed Ki of 4.6 mM, recorded for both enzymes. Through ADMET analysis, we have found that the two molecules are good drug candidates. CONCLUSION: This is the first time that a group of identified compounds from Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves are studied for their potential activity against the novel virus by inhibiting two key enzymes in its life cycle, and no further studies have been published in this context.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Pistacia , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Pistacia/química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Ácido Quínico/farmacologia , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA , SARS-CoV-2 , Folhas de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
12.
Front Pharmacol ; 13: 826261, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35281888

RESUMO

In this study, the antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic effects potential of Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves were evaluated by in vitro methods. The effects of the leaves of the plant on pancreatic lipase, pancreatic cholesterol esterase, and PTP1B enzymes were investigated for the first time and it was observed that leaf methanol extract (IC50: 123.67 ± 0.40 µg/ml) and n-hexane sub-extract (IC50: 61.03 ± 0.11 µg/ml) had much stronger effects on pancreatic cholesterol esterase enzyme than simvastatin (IC50: 142.30 ± 5.67 µg/ml). The methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves exerted strong inhibitory effect on the enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) effective on carbohydrate digestion. It was thought that the methanol extract could provide significant benefits against oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus since it showed antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power) as strong as reference compounds (ascorbic acid and quercetin). Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of rutin (0.328 ± 0.000 g/100 g dry extract), methyl gallate (5.245 ± 0.014 g/100 g dry extract), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (0.231 ± 0.000 g/100 g dry extract), and gallic acid (0.528 ± 0.127 g/100 g dry extract) in methanol extract were performed by RP-HPLC. The phytochemical content of the active sub-fraction obtained from the leaf methanol extract by activity-guided fractionation and column chromatography studies was characterized by LC-QTOF-MS. The presence of trigalloylglucose, digalloylglucose, and methyl gallate in the G6 coded sub-fraction obtained by chromatographic techniques from the ethyl acetate sub-extract, which has the highest inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, was determined by LC-QTOF-MS. In addition to the G5 coded subfraction, a strong α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity was also observed in the G6 coded sub-fraction, and methyl gallate, methyl digallate, 2″-O-galloyl-quercetin-3-O-hexoside, and myricetin-3-O-hexoside were identified in this sub-fraction. This study displayed that the methanol extract of P. atlantica leaves could be a potential source for bioactive compounds with antidiabetic effects by showing inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion.

13.
ARYA Atheroscler ; 18(4): 1-6, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36817347

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that various factors affect the onset and its progression, including free radicals, hypertension, diabetes, genetic changes, hypercholesterolemia, and even some microorganisms such as herpes viruses and chlamydia. Therefore, compounds that can be effective in any of the above cases may be considered as a useful therapeutic agent in the process of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Pistacia atlantica gum hydro-alcoholic extract on macrophage phagocytosis ability and development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rats. METHODS: The statistical population of the present study consisted of 25 rats that were randomly divided into 5 groups (one control group under standard diet, 4 treatment groups under high-fat diet). After consumption of high-fat food for 45 days, the treatment groups orally received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Pistacia atlantica gum hydro-alcoholic extract for 30 days. Then, peritoneal macrophages were isolated and blood samples were collected to measure the level of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). P ˂ 0.05 was considered significant in all evaluations. RESULTS: The level of cholesterol (503.66 ± 17.15), TG (436.66 ± 16.80), LDL-C (343.66 ± 11.59), HDL-C (54.33 ± 7.02), and NBT (0.64 ± 0.02) decreased in the treatment groups. Besides, exactly in a concentration-dependent manner, plant extract significantly reduced the level of respiratory potential level in macrophages. CONCLUSION: Hydro-alcoholic extract of Pistacia atlantica gum could effectively decrease hypercholesterolemia and increase phagocytic ability of macrophages. Therefore, it can be suggested for more investigation as a blockage of atherosclerosis.

14.
Daru ; 30(1): 1-10, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34791616

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Biological activities of Pistacia atlantica have been investigated for few decades. The fruit oil of the plant has been used for treatment of wounds, inflammation, and other ailments in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM). OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the chemical composition of Pistacia atlantica fruit oil and to study wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of oil-absorbed bacterial cellulose in an in vivo burn wound model. METHOD: Bacterial cellulose membrane was prepared from Kombucha culture and Fourier-transform infrared was used to characterize the bacterial cellulose. Cold press technique was used to obtain Pistacia atlantica fruit oil and the chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. Bacterial cellulose membrane was impregnated with the Pistacia atlantica fruit oil. Pistacia atlantica hydrogel was prepared using specific Carbopol. Burn wound model was used to evaluate in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of the wound dressings containing either silver sulfadiazine as positive control, Pistacia atlantica hydrogel or bacterial cellulose membrane coated with the Pistacia atlantica fruit oil. Blank dressing was used as negative control. RESULTS: FT-IR analysis showed that the structure of the bacterial cellulose corresponded with the standard FT-IR spectrum. The major components of Pistacia atlantica fruit oil constituted linoleic acid (38.1%), oleic acid (36.9%) and stearic acid (3.8%). Histological analysis showed that bacterial cellulose coated with fruit oil significantly decreased the number of neutrophils as a measure of inflammation compared to either negative control or positive control (p < 0.05). Wound closure occurred faster in the treated group with fruit oil-coated bacterial cellulose compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results showed that bacterial cellulose coated with Pistacia atlantica fruit oil can be a potential bio-safe dressing for wound management.


Assuntos
Queimaduras , Pistacia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Celulose/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Hidrogéis , Inflamação , Pistacia/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Cicatrização
15.
Pharm Dev Technol ; 27(1): 63-71, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34939892

RESUMO

Pistacia atlantica has an anti-cancer effect due to its essential oil which is the major constituent of P. atlantica. Unfortunately, this essential oil evaporates easily and makes it less effective. The current research, therefore, aimed to improve the anti-cancer effect of P. atlantica essential oil (PAEO) in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The chemical components of PAEO were assessed by gas chromatography. PAEO-SLNs were prepared by the probe-ultrasonication method, and their particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were determined. Encapsulation Efficiency (EE%) and Loading Capacity (LC%) of formulations was also calculated. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the morphology of optimal formulation (PAEO-SLN4). Furthermore, the anticancer effects of PAEO-SLN4 against MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated by cellular assays. The results showed that the type of surfactant and loading of the essential oil had a significant effect on size distribution, zeta potential and the polydispersity index. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and loading capacity for PAEO-SLN4 were 97.3% and 9.6%, respectively. The cellular assay demonstrates that PAEO-SLN4 could lead MDA-MB-231 cells to apoptosis. The findings also revealed that PAEO-SLN4 can stimulate apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells more than the placebo and free PAEO thereby indicating PAEO-SLN4 to be beneficial in breast cancer treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Nanopartículas , Óleos Voláteis , Pistacia , Apoptose , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Lipossomos , Nanopartículas/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Tamanho da Partícula
16.
Phytother Res ; 35(9): 5125-5132, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34378260

RESUMO

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of disability and aging is the major risk factor. One of the low-risk herbal medicines for reducing pain and inflammation in persian medicine is Pistacia atlantica gum. A triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy of P. atlantica gum ointment on knee osteoarthritis in elderly people. A total of 60 patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The intervention group used 4% P. atlantica ointment and the control group used placebo, topically applied three times a day, for 8 weeks. The patients were evaluated before and after the intervention using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale. There were significant differences (p < .001) between two the groups in terms of joint stiffness and pain as well as function. Within groups, regarding the effect size (EF) in joint stiffness was 2.82 and 0.74 in the Pistacia and placebo groups, respectively. Regarding pain, the effect size of the intervention and placebo groups were 3.90 and 0.99, respectively. In addition, regarding function, the effect size of the intervention and the placebo groups were 4.33 and 1.17, respectively. Therefore, it seems that topical P. atlantica is significantly better than the placebo in the old patients with knee osteoarthritis.


Assuntos
Osteoartrite do Joelho , Pistacia , Gomas Vegetais/farmacologia , Idoso , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Osteoartrite do Joelho/tratamento farmacológico , Medição da Dor , Pistacia/química , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Ultrastruct Pathol ; 45(2): 102-111, 2021 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33688798

RESUMO

Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Atlas Pistachio) is an Anacardiaceae tree traditionally used in Tunisia for the treatment of ophthalmic, stomatitis, and digestive tract diseases. In the present study, the Pistacia atlantica Desf. roots extract (PR) was phytochemically analyzed, for the first time, by LC-ESI-MS for phenolic and flavonoid contents, in vitro tested for its potential antioxidant activity based on the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the reduced power essays (FRAP), and in vivo tested for its ability to shield against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. The LC-ESI-MS analysis proved the identification of 12 compounds, including Quinic, Gallic, and Protocatechuic, as major phenolic acids and high levels of flavonoids, such as Catechin, Epicatechin, and Cirsiliol. PR also exhibited a mild in vitro antioxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. In vivo pretreatment of ethanol-ulcerated mice with PR doses 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w) significantly reduced (P< .05) gastric lesions at a rate of 20.10% and a rate of 40.90%, respectively, when compared with 60.70% rate of sucralfate (50 mg/kg b.w) evidenced by a dose-dependent manner increase in the gastric mucosa enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPx) antioxidant levels, the decline of the lipid peroxidation, and the preservation of normal gastric superficial epithelium. The underlying mechanism of PR antiulcerogenic activity could be due to a synergistic effect of phenolic acids and flavonoid contents which enhances the gastric antioxidant defense system.Abbreviations: BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene, b.w: body weight, CAT: catalase, DPPH:1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DW: dry weight, EtOH: ethanol, FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power, GAE: gallic acid equivalents, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, QE: quercetin equivalents, LC-ESI-MS: Liquid chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, MDA: malondialdehyde, PR: Pistacia root, TBA: thiobarbituric acid reagent, TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TCA: trichloroacetic acid, SOD: Superoxide dismutase.


Assuntos
Pistacia , Úlcera Gástrica , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle
18.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 176: 394-403, 2021 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33548319

RESUMO

This study reports an efficient and fast procedure for the purification of laccase (PaL) obtained from the resin of Pistacia atlantica Desf. It was purified by one-step affinity chromatography and showed the specific activity of 393 U/mg with 81.9-fold purification. The molecular weight of PaL was estimated to be approximately 60 kDa using gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE. Moreover, it depicted diphenolase activity and high affinity towards 2,6-dimethoxy phenol (Km = 10.01 ± 0.5 mM) and syringaldazine (Km = 6.57 ± 0.2 mM) comparing with plant-origin polyphenol oxidases reported in the literature. It should be noted that PaL possessed optimal activity at pH 7.5 and 45 °C. It also remained stable under different conditions of pH (6.5-8.0), temperature (25-45 °C), and when it was exposed to several metal ions. The MTT and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that the enzyme treatment significantly affected growth of HeLa, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231 cells with LC50 values of 4.83 ± 0.02, 61 ± 0.31, and 26.83 ± 0.11 µM after 72 h, respectively. NOVELTY STATEMENT: This is the first attempt to isolate and characterize a new oxidoreductase from the resin of Pistacia atlantica Desf., native species of Iran, to recruit it in cytotoxicity researches. In the purification process by an efficient affinity column (SBA-NH2-GA), the enzyme was eluted promptly with a satisfied yield. The purified laccase exerted higher affinity to diphenolic compounds and pH-thermal stability compared to other plant-derived polyphenol oxidases. The purified enzyme was found to show anti-oxidant capacity and significantly inhibited the growth of cancerous cells in vitro. PaL showed more cytotoxic activity towards HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells by induction of apoptosis. The cytotoxic activity of the laccase was measured by flow cytometry.


Assuntos
Citotoxinas , Lacase , Pistacia/química , Proteínas de Plantas , Resinas Vegetais/química , Catálise , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Células HeLa , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Lacase/química , Lacase/isolamento & purificação , Lacase/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia
19.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 265: 113329, 2021 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32889035

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Pistacia atlantica (wild pistachio) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, and growing from the Mediterranean basin to central Asia, especially in Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Saudi Arabia where it is extensively used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to relieving upper abdominal discomfort and pain, dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. OBJECTIVE: Despite the diverse biological activities of P. atlantica, there is no current review summarizing medicinal properties of its subspecies, including cabulica, kurdica and mutica. Thus, this paper aims to explore the current understanding of the chemical, pharmacological, and biochemical properties of the extracts and the main active constituents found in each subspecies of this plant. METHODS: Peer-reviewed articles, using "Pistacia atlantica" as search term (″all fields″), were retrieved from Scifinder, Pubmed, Science direct, Wiley, Springer, ACS, Scielo, Web of Science and other web search instruments (Google Scholar, Yahoo search). Papers published until July 2020 are considered. In addition, various books were consulted that contained botanical and ethnopharmacological information. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers in English and French. RESULTS: Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, including volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, tocopherols and phytosterols. P. atlantica contains also minerals and trace elements, like iron, lead, copper, potassium, sodium and calcium; fatty acids, like oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acid; fat-soluble vitamins, such as α, ß, γ and δ tocopherols; phytosterols, like betasitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and Δ5-avenasterol. Crude extracts and isolated compounds from P. atlantica show a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, wound healing, anticancer, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, urease inhibition, antihypertension, nipple fissure healing, antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities. However, there are no reports summarizing the P. atlantica bioactivity, its therapeutic value, and the roles played by each of the numerous phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION: Many traditional uses of P. atlantica and its subspecies have now been confirmed by pharmacologic research. Systematic phytochemical investigation of the P. atlantica subspecies and the pharmacological properties, especially the mechanisms of action and toxicology, to illustrate their ethnomedicinal use, to explore the therapeutic potential and support further health-care product development, will undoubtedly be the focus of further research. Therefore, detailed and extensive studies and clinical evaluation of P. atlantica subspecies should be carried out in future for the safety approval of therapeutic applications.


Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional , Pistacia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Etnobotânica , Etnofarmacologia , Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/química
20.
JBRA Assist Reprod ; 25(1): 28-33, 2021 02 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32569454

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with numerous complications, including gonadal dysfunction. There are specific traditional medicine remedies for DM, including medicinal herbs. Our study aimed to evaluate the role of Pistacia atlantica's extract in the protection against ovary damage by streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM in rats. METHODS: We ran this experimental study on 40 adult female Wistar rats. We divided the animals into five groups, control (A); DM (STZ by 60 mg/kg- intraperitoneally) (B); DM + hexane extract of P. atlantica (200 mg/kg -orally) (C); P. atlantica extract (D) and DM + glibenclamide (200 mg/kg -orally) (F). The experiment continued for four weeks, and we administered the extract daily. After slaughtering the rats, we removed the ovaries. We assessed parameters, such as blood glucose and levels of oxidative stress markers as well as histological ovary structure. RESULTS: Blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the number of atretic follicles were elevated; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the number of corpora lutea were significantly decreased in the untreated diabetic rats. These changes returned to normal or diminished with P. atlantica extract and glibenclamide in the treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: The extract of P. atlantica has antihyperglycemic and antioxidative properties, and it decreased ovarian complications in experimental diabetes mellitus.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Pistacia , Animais , Ovário , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estreptozocina/toxicidade
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