Evidence of validity of a Jealousy Scale in Peruvian youth and adults: An item response theory approach / Evidencia de validez de una Escala de Celos en jóvenes y adultos peruanos: un enfoque de teoría de respuesta al ítem

Abstract Introduction/Objective: In romantic relationships, jealousy can influence how individuals feel emotionally and interact with their partners. This study analysed the metric properties of the Brief Jealousy Scale (BJS) in young adults from Peru using current methods. Method: A total of 297 individuals were selected to participate in the study. They averaged 26.52 years of age (with a variation of 7.75 years), and 74.10% were women. The study used a technique called Item Response Theory (IRT) with a two-parameter model to confirm the structure and reliability of the BJS. Result: The BJS demonstrated high reliability and fit through goodness-of-fit indices. DIF analysis indicated slight gender biases in some items, reflecting differences in the perception of jealousy between men and women. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance and usefulness of the Jealousy Scale in relationships, as it helps to understand relationship dynamics and guides interventions. Future studies should address issues such as participant selection and study design and examine whether the scale can be used in different cultures.

Resumen Introducción/Objetivo: En las relaciones de pareja, los celos pueden influir en cómo se sienten emocionalmente y en cómo interactúan las personas con su pareja. Este estudio analizó las propiedades métricas de la Escala Breve de Celos en jóvenes y adultos de Perú utilizando métodos actuales. Método: Se seleccionaron 297 personas para participar en el estudio. Tenían en promedio 26.52 años (con una variación de 7.75 años) y el 74.10 % eran mujeres. El estudio utilizó una técnica llamada teoría de respuesta al ítem (IRT) con un modelo de dos parámetros para confirmar la estructura y fiabilidad del BJS. Resultados: El BJS demostró una gran confiabilidad y ajuste a través de índices de bondad de ajuste. El análisis DIF indicó ligeros sesgos de género en algunos ítems, lo que refleja diferencias en la percepción de los celos entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: El estudio resalta la importancia y utilidad de la Escala de Celos en las relaciones, ya que ayuda a entender cómo funcionan y a saber cómo intervenir. En el futuro, los estudios deben ocuparse de problemas como la selección de participantes y el tipo de estudio realizado, y examinar si la escala se puede usar en diferentes culturas.

A new neuropsychological tool for simultaneous reading and executive functions assessment: initial psychometric properties.

Introduction: The development of reading and complex executive functions is fundamental for achieving social, academic, and professional success. So far, there is no single neuropsychological instrument that comprehensively assesses the domains of inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and reading comprehension. To assess executive functions related to reading, the "Assessment of Reading and Executive Functions" (AREF) was developed. In this study, we show initial evidence of validity and reliability for four subtests - Graphophonological-Semantic Flexibility, Inhibitory Control, Flexibility, and Working Memory. Methods: A total of 93 students from 4th to 9th grade, aged 8-14, in public (n = 61) and private (n = 32) schools were evaluated. Tasks from the AREF instrument, as well as measures of reading comprehension, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and intelligence, were administered. Correlations between AREF scores and the other measures were performed to assess external construct validity. Performance differences between school groups on AREF subtests were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests, and the internal consistency of the instrument's tasks was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The scores of the AREF subtests demonstrated significant positive correlations with reading measures (ranging from 0.339 to 0.367) and executive functions (ranging from 0.209 to 0.396). Significant differences were found in the performance of some AREF tasks when comparing individuals from public and private schools, as well as between 4th and 5th graders compared to students in higher grades. The internal consistency of the tasks was low for Graphophonological-Semantic Flexibility (Cronbach's α = 0.566), moderate for Inhibitory Control and Flexibility (Cronbach's α = 0.768), and high for Working Memory (Cronbach's α = 0.881). Discussion: The results provide initial evidence of construct validity and reliability for the AREF subtests. It is expected that this new neuropsychological test will contribute to the assessment of reading skills and executive functions, assisting in guiding clinical and educational interventions for individuals with and without neurodevelopmental disorders.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the media health literacy questionnaire (MeHLit-SV).

Introduction: Media health literacy emerges as a response to the vast array of informational disorders prevalent in media communications. Given the absence of a measurement tool for this type of literacy in Spanish-speaking communities, the aim of the present study is to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Media Health Literacy (MeHLit) questionnaire into Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of nursing students. Methods: The Spanish version of the MeHLit questionnaire (MeHLit-SV) was obtained through a process involving translation, back-translation, evaluation of the proposed items by a group of 22 experts, and a pilot study with 80 Spanish nursing students. Content validity was assessed using each item's content validity index (CVI) and Aiken's V (VdA), while internal consistency was evaluated through Cronbach's Alpha. Results: Following the translation and adaptation process, the final version of the MeHLit-SV comprised 21 items organized into five dimensions. The CVI values exceeded 0.82 for all items, and the overall content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.9. Furthermore, the results of Aiken's V surpassed the threshold considered acceptable (0.70). After piloting, the questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.936. Conclusion: The findings of this research support the reliability and validity of the MeHLit-SV for use among nursing students to measure their level of media health literacy. This questionnaire, with satisfactory psychometric properties and ease of administration, is an useful tool for assessing whether individuals possess the necessary skills to accurately analyze health information they encounter on a daily basis.

Delineating Care Recipient Burden Constructs: Development and Validation of the CARE-2B Scale for Care Recipient Self-Perceived Burden and Proxy Assessment of Caregiver Burden.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Care Recipient Self-Perceived Burden (CR-SPB) to Caregivers is an important but overlooked aspect within the caregiver-care recipient relationship. This study aimed to 1) develop and validate the CARE-2B (Care Recipient's Two Burden) Scale, assessing both CR-SPB and their proxy assessment of caregiver burden (Proxy-CB); 2) examine whether the CR-SPB and Proxy-CB differ from caregiver burden's own assessment and other health and social care constructs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected from 504 caregiver-care recipient dyads in the US using an online panel between August 2022 and February 2023. Care recipients completed the CARE-2B Scale, which includes two subscales: their self-perceived burden (CR-SPB) and their proxy assessment of caregiver burden (Proxy-CB). Care recipients also completed measures related to health, well-being: SPB-scale, EQ-5D-5L, and EQ-HWB. Caregivers completed CarerQoL and ASCOT-Carer. Psychometric analysis included exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory (IRT), and construct validity. RESULTS: CR-SPB correlated strongly with the SPB-Scale (r=0.73), while Proxy-CB correlated more strongly with caregiver-reported burden (r=0.61). Both CR-SPB and Proxy-CB items demonstrated good discrimination and information coverage in IRT analysis. EFA further supported the distinctiveness of CR-SPB and Proxy-CB, with CR-SPB items loading on a separate factor from caregiver burden and health constructs, while Proxy-CB aligned with caregiver-reported burden. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The CARE-2B Scale innovatively assesses both CR-SPB and Proxy-CB from the care recipient's perspective, providing new insights into the caregiving relationship. This dual-perspective measure has implications for enhancing care strategies for individuals with chronic conditions or disabilities and their caregivers.

Tests employed in the psychometric validation of the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS) in T2DM patients; a systematic review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Psychological Insulin Resistance (PIR) and negative perceptions regarding insulin treatment are noteworthy challenges in T2DM management, which hinder the timely initiation of insulin treatment. To get past these obstacles a reliable tool is required to evaluate patients' perspectives on insulin administration. Our study aims to conduct a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the validity and reliability of different validation tests used in the psychometric validation of the ITAS in T2DM patients. METHODS: A literature search was carried out, using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. Only those studies assessing content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability (Cronbach' α), and items-total correlation were retrieved. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies illustrated the validity and reliability of ITAS in T2DM patients. Content validity results of S-CVI was 0.97, and I-CVI was 0.8-1.00. Construct validity with factor loading was greater than the threshold value of 0.3. The concurrent validity of ITAS vs. PAID, WHO-5, and SPI was 0.35 (P < 0.05), -0.14 (P < 0.05), and 0.80 (P < 0.001) respectively. The mean difference between insulin and non-insulin group was significant (P < 0.001) showing reliable discriminant validity. Reported results of Cronbach's α for the main scale (0.79-0.89), subscale-1 (0.72-0.9), and subscale-2 (0.61-0.89) showed "good to excellent" internal consistency reliability of ITAS. Item-total correlation results for the main scale, subscale-1, and subscale-2 were (0.40-0.82), (0.31-0.74) and (0.34-0.58) respectively. Test-retest reliability of ITAS was 0.571-0.87. CONCLUSIONS: Study findings confirm the robustness of various validation tests utilized in the psychometric validation of ITAS in T2DM patients. ITAS is a well-validated and reliable tool for determining the perspectives, PIR, and changes in patients' perception over time and it can be used to overcome hurdles in the timely initiation of insulin treatment in T2DM patients.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Background: The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a patient-reported screening instrument that can be used to identify and assess central sensitization (CS)/Central Sensitization Syndrome (CSS)-related symptoms. Objective: The aim was to translate the CSI into Arabic (CSI-Ar) and to subsequently validate its psychometric properties. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: The CSI was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Arabic, and validated following international standardized guidelines. This study included patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (n = 264) and healthy control participants (n = 56). Patients completed the CSI-Ar, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and 5-level EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). Patients completed the CSI-Ar twice to assess test-retest reliability. To evaluate discriminative validity, healthy controls participants completed the CSI-Ar. Statistical analyses were conducted to test the internal consistency, reliability, and structural, construct and discriminant validity of CSI-Ar. Results: The CSI-Ar showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.919) and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.874). The CSI-Ar scale had significant correlations (P < 0.001) with all PCS subscales and total score (Spearman's rho = 0.459-0.563, P < 0.001), all DASS-21 subscales and total score (Spearman's rho = 0.599-0.685, P < 0.001), the TSK (Spearman's rho = 0.395, P < 0.001), and the EQ-5D (Spearman's rho = -0.396, P < 0.001). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed a statistically significant difference between the patient group and the healthy control group (P < 0.001), with the healthy controls displaying a lower average CSI-Ar score (12.27 ± 11.50) when compared to the patient group (27.97 ± 16.08). Factor analysis indicated that the CSI-Ar is a unidimensional tool. Conclusion: The CSI-Ar is a reliable and valid screening tool that can be used to assess CS/CSS-related symptoms in Arabic-speaking people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Psychometric properties of the Death Reflection Scale - Indian version.

Contemplation of mortality often helps people to become more mindful of their living, cherishing relationships, experiences and opportunities. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the validity of the Death Reflection Scale within the Indians. A non-clinical sample of 381 participants age ranges from 19 to 90 years participated in this study. The Death Reflection Scale is a widely recognized tool to gauge positive aspects on reflecting about mortality. The scale's validity and reliability throughout the German population was demonstrated to be appropriate and relevant. Given the shared cultural similarities among diverse Eastern ethnicities, this validation offers the potential for application across various countries. However, it is crucial to research its validity and reliability using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the Indian population. The validity of the scale was confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), yielding a CFI of 0.951. The Goodness Fit Index of 0.929 and RMSEA of 0.07 indicating a reasonably good fit. The scale's discriminant, convergent, and factorial validity were all proven by the results, which also showed its reliability (α =0.92). These results imply that the Death Reflection Scale's Indian validation satisfies the fundamental requirements for psychological evaluations, proving its appropriateness for use in scholarly research.•Quantitative method used in validating the questionnaire.•Cultural validation has been done to ensure cultural relevance and appropriateness.•Reliability and consistency have been established.

Development and psychometric validation of an age-friendly health system assessment tool in the Iranian context.

Evaluating health system interventions for elderly care necessitates a context-specific, credible and dependable instrument. This research was dedicated to creating and validating a tool to assess the health system's age-friendliness. The study unfolded in two pivotal stages: the generation of items utilizing a hybrid model and the psychometric appraisal of the tool, encompassing both validity and reliability assessments. From an initial pool of 522 items derived from a systematic scoping review and qualitative analysis, a concise assessment tool emerged, featuring 52 items across 6 domains: governance, information, resources, service delivery, community engagement and outcomes. The 52-item tool offers a straightforward, substantiated and robust means to gauge age-friendliness, pinpoint health system deficiencies and facilitate strategic planning on the basis of its insights.

The Development of a Comprehensive Dimensions Scale for Assessing Clinical Teachers' Occupational Well-Being.

Objective: In Taiwanese clinical and healthcare environments, there is a dearth of appropriate and effective tools to evaluate clinical teachers' occupational well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a culturally adapted scale, a Taiwanese version of the Clinical Teachers' Occupational Well-Being Dimensions Scale (CTOWDS), to accurately measure the occupational well-being of clinical teachers in Taiwan. Methods: Following a comprehensive literature review and expert panel discussions, the study developed the CTOWDS and conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 346 participants using SPSS to identify its underlying dimensional structure and psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then performed with 255 participants using AMOS to validate the EFA results. The study also assessed internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validities, and goodness-of-fit indexes to ensure that the scale was valid and reliable in the Taiwanese cultural setting. Results: The EFA refined the scale from 51 to 29 items across five dimensions: personal qualities (11 items), academic research and career development pressure (6 items), teaching experience (4 items), learning experience (4 items), and teaching and communication pressure (4 items). These five dimensions explained 65.279% of the total variance. The CFA confirmed the five dimensions and 29 items, with good convergent and discriminant validities, goodness-of-fit indexes, and Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.70. Conclusion: The findings affirm the utility of the developed CTOWDS as a reliable and culturally relevant instrument for assessing the occupational well-being of clinical teachers.

Development and Validation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of the Impact of Chronic Hand Eczema on Health-Related Quality of Life: the Hand Eczema Impact Scale (HEIS).

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Hand Eczema (CHE) is an inflammatory skin disease that causes significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The Hand Eczema Impact Scale (HEIS) is a new patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure designed to assess the impact of CHE on key domains of HRQoL. This study aimed to develop and evaluate content and psychometric validity of the HEIS. METHODS: The HEIS was initially developed on the basis of a literature review and concept elicitation interviews. Qualitative cognitive debriefing interviews (n = 20) were conducted with patients with CHE to assess relevance and understanding of items, response options, and recall period. Psychometric properties (item performance, dimensionality, reliability, validity, responsiveness, and estimation of meaningful change thresholds) were then assessed using data (n = 258) from a phase 2b trial (NCT03683719). RESULTS: Cognitive debriefing confirmed all items were understood and relevant to patients. Inter-item correlations (all > 0.50) and confirmatory factor analysis (factor loadings ≥ 0.80) supported unidimensionality of the HEIS score, and mostly provided support for the HEIS Proximal Daily Activity Limitations (PDAL) score, with only one item loading below the prespecified threshold. Item properties and previous qualitative work supported retaining this item in the total score but removed from the HEIS PDAL domain. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.89) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient ≥ 0.79) results were very strong. Strong correlations with concurrent measures (0.66-0.87) and significant differences between severity groups (p < 0.001) supported construct validity. Large effect sizes for mean change scores in participants that improved and significant differences between groups indicated ability to detect change. Anchor-based analyses supported within-individual responder definitions of ≥ 1.3 points for improvements in both HEIS score and HEIS PDAL score (covering three items) and of ≥ 1.5 points for HEIS embarrassment with the appearance of hands (Emb) score (covering two items). CONCLUSIONS: The 9-item HEIS is the first CHE-specific PRO measure developed and validated according to regulatory guidance for assessment of the impact of CHE on key domains of HRQoL. This article provides evidence of strong content and psychometric validity and shows improvements of ≥ 1.3 points in HEIS score and HEIS PDAL score, and improvements of ≥ 1.5 points in HEIS Emb score represent clinically meaningful, important changes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03683719.

Development and validation of the chemotherapy adherence assessment scale (CAAS).

BACKGROUND: Adherence to chemotherapy regimens is crucial for achieving optimal treatment outcomes in cancer patients. However, measuring adherence remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive self-report tool for assessing chemotherapy adherence. METHODS: The Chemotherapy Adherence Assessment Scale (CAAS) was developed through a multi-stage process involving literature review, expert input, and pilot testing. Face validation was conducted with 23 subject experts, and content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The CAAS was pilot-tested on 28 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Psychometric properties were evaluated through internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). RESULTS: Face validation revealed 85% agreement among experts regarding grammar, clarity, and content. The CVI was 0.81 for individual items and 0.83 for the overall scale, indicating good content validity. Cronbach's alpha was 0.789, demonstrating strong internal consistency. The EFA yielded a robust five-factor structure, explaining 94.63% of the total variance. Most items exhibited strong factor loadings (>0.7) and high communalities (>0.7), supporting the construct validity of the CAAS. CONCLUSIONS: The CAAS demonstrated robust psychometric properties, including good content validity, high internal consistency, and a well-defined factor structure capturing key dimensions of chemotherapy adherence. The CAAS represents a valuable contribution to adherence assessment in oncology settings, with potential applications in clinical practice and adherence interventions.

Adaptation and Validation of the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire (PBQ) for Chinese Population.

Despite the increasing prevalence of pet ownership in Chinese societies, standardized tools to assess grief from pet loss remain lacking. Research predominantly focuses on Western populations, creating a gap in understanding pet bereavement in Chinese cultural settings. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire (PBQ-C) for a Chinese context to create a culturally appropriate assessment tool. A total of 246 participants with companion animal loss experiences were recruited through the university of the research team. They were invited to complete an online survey including the PBQ-C, the Depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG). Both Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the PBQ-C and the findings supported a three-factor structure-grief, anger, and guilt-aligned with the original PBQ, with three items reassigned to different factors. Despite these adjustments, the PBQ-C demonstrated strong internal consistency, reflecting the reliability of the questionnaire in measuring the same construct across its items; split-half reliability, indicating its ability to produce consistent results when divided into two parts; and concurrent validity, showing that the PBQ-C correlates well with other established measures of grief. The validated PBQ-C provides a culturally sensitive tool for assessing pet bereavement in Chinese society that can promote research and counselling support for this under-researched and under-recognized type of loss of human-animal relationships.

The scale of myths of romantic love: Evidence of validity and reliability of a brief scale in Peru.

The study aimed to provide validity evidence and reliability of the Scale of Myths of Romantic Love (SMRL) in Peru among young and adult individuals. Focusing on how romantic love myths affect relationship satisfaction and their ties to interpersonal violence, sexism, and gender inequality, the methodology involved 308 participants, mainly females (75%), using the SMRL and Relationship Assessment Scale. Bayesian Confirmatory Factor Analysis (BCFA) assessed the scale's structure and reliability, complemented by descriptive statistics and correlation analyses to examine the myths' impact on intimate relationships. Results showed the SMRL's two-dimensional structure, confirming its robust psychometric properties and satisfactory internal consistency. Descriptive findings revealed a skeptical view of traditional romantic myths among participants, indicating the scale's good reliability and successful adaptation to the Peruvian context. This validation highlights how debunking romantic love myths can improve relationship dynamics and satisfaction and addresses their wider societal effects.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Psychometric Validation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Sexual Health (EORTC QLQ-SH22) Scale, Moroccan Arabic Version.

BACKGROUND: The Sexual Health Scale (QLQ-SH22) is the only cancer-specific measure of sexual health. It has never been translated into Arabic. In order to envisage effective healthcare strategies that improve sexual quality of life, the validation of the Moroccan version of this scale is a crucial step in exploring the influence of cancer and its treatment on patients in the Moroccan context. In this regard, this study aimed to validate a Moroccan Arabic version among patients with cancer. METHOD: A total of 280 Moroccan patients with cancer participated in this study from August 2022 to April 2023. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the QLQ-SH22 was performed following the EORTC guidelines. Psychometric validation was explored using the reliability of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). RESULTS: The analysis revealed a greater internal consistency for both sexual satisfaction (α = 0.83) and sexual pain (α = 0.86). The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated an excellent level of test-retest reliability (from 0.925 to 0.993). The CFA demonstrated high-performing model fit indices (χ2/df = 1.17, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.035, GFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, IFI = 0.99, NFI = 0.94). The concurrent validity between the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-SH22 confirmed a strong correlation between the fatigue scales in both questionnaires (r = 0.69). This version showed good discrimination between known groups. CONCLUSIONS: The QLQ-SH22 Moroccan Arabic version has demonstrated a high level of reliability and validity, and therefore it is now ready for use.

Validation of the Three-Factor Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth in a Chinese Adolescent Sample.

Purpose: This study focused on the validation of the Three-Factor Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth(RFQY) within a sample of Chinese adolescents. Patients and Methods: All the items of the RFQY were translated into Chinese language through the process of translation and back translation. A total of 532 adolescents aged between 12-20 years completed the Chinese version of RFQY, McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD), Basic Empathy Scale (BES), and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Results: Twenty items meeting psychometric standards were retained in the Chinese version of the RFQY. The indices for confirmatory factor analysis, including χ2/df (2.354), SRMR (0.053), GFI (0.930), CFI (0.921), TLI (0.910), and RMSEA (0.050), all conformed to the requirements of psychometrics. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the three factors, "uncertainty/confusion", "interest/curiosity", and "excessive certainty", were 0.820, 0.673, and 0.839, respectively, with test-retest reliability scores of 0.751, 0.643, and 0.764. A significant positive correlation was found between uncertainty/confusion and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD), particularly in adolescents with high BPD traits. Excessive certainty was positively correlated with unstable interpersonal relationships, while the interest/curiosity factor shows no significant correlation with BPD symptoms. The uncertainty/confusion factor demonstrates a complex relationship with empathy, correlating positively with affective empathy but negatively with cognitive empathy. The uncertainty/confusion factor shows a significant positive correlation with alexithymia, while the factor of excessive certainty demonstrates the opposite effect. Additionally, a significant negative correlation exists between the interest/curiosity factor and the externally oriented thinking. Conclusion: This study validates the Chinese version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQY), demonstrating its reliability and validity in assessing reflective functioning among Chinese adolescents. This enhances the understanding of reflective functioning and its role in adolescent mental health.

Development and Validation of a Malay Version Questionnaire to Evaluate Remote Health Monitoring of COVID-19 via Telehealth Applications: Navigating Telehealth Evolution.

Introduction The rapid adoption of telehealth services due to the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity for effective tools to evaluate patient experiences. This study developed and validated the Telehealth Usability, Acceptability, and Satisfaction Questionnaire (TUASQ) for virtual COVID-19 Assessment Centres (CACs) in Malaysia, aiming to comprehensively measure usability, acceptability, and satisfaction. Methodology The TUASQ was developed in two phases. Initially, the questionnaire development phase included item generation guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Health Belief Model (HBM), with feedback from a panel of six experts. Items were refined through Content Validity Index (CVI) - Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) ≥ 0.82, Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) ≥ 0.82, and Content Validity Ratio (CVR ≥ 0.78); and Face Validity Index (FVI) by 10 respondents - Item-Level Face Validity Index (I-FVI) ≥ 0.82 and Scale-Level Face Validity Index (S-FVI ≥ 0.82). The psychometric validation phase involved a cross-sectional study of 705 respondents, recruited through convenience sampling from March to July 2024, to perform Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), followed by reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha, Composite Reliability (CR), and Average Variance Extracted (AVE). Results Content validation showed that most items' I-CVI exceeded 0.82, indicating significant expert consensus on relevance and clarity. The CVR also surpassed the 0.78 threshold, affirming their essential role. Face validation indices generally exceeded 0.80, confirming the questionnaire's clarity and comprehensiveness from the users' perspective. EFA with 250 participants indicated a high Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) of 0.933 and significant Bartlett's test (χ² (136) = 3752.698, p < 0.001), supporting the factorability of the data and extracting three distinct factors. CFA with 455 participants initially showed a poor fit, prompting model adjustments that subsequently improved the fit indices (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.076, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.045, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.94, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.96, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.97). Reliability testing revealed a high internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.975. CR for each factor exceeded the 0.70 threshold, and the AVE for each factor was above 0.50, indicating good convergent validity. Conclusion The validated TUASQ is a reliable and effective instrument for assessing the experiences of Malaysian patients using virtual CAC. Demonstrating robust psychometric properties through comprehensive validation processes, the TUASQ accurately measures usability, acceptability, and satisfaction, identifying strengths and areas for improvement in telehealth services. This contributes to enhanced care quality and patient satisfaction in the evolving healthcare landscape.

Development and validation of FinTox: A new screening tool to assess cancer-related financial toxicity.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and validate FinTox, a concise tool for screening and managing financial toxicity in oncology settings. METHODS: Development involved qualitative interviews with healthcare providers and patients, and feedback from a 7-member expert panel resulting in a 5-item measure that evaluates financial strain, psychological responses, and care modifications. Psychometric evaluations examined factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and convergent validity. Associations between FinTox scores and sociodemographic/medical factors were also analyzed using univariate and multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Twelve healthcare providers and 20 patients were interviewed, and 268 patients (69.8% female, 47.4% non-Hispanic White) completed surveys including FinTox, the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures, and sociodemographic questions. FinTox demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.95). Significant correlations with the COST (r = -0.62, p < 0.001) and HRQOL measures corroborated content and convergent validity. Diagnostic accuracy was evidenced by a sensitivity of 72.3%, specificity of 85.2%, positive predictive value of 83.2%, and negative predictive value of 70.3%. Higher FinTox scores were also associated with receiving care at a safety-net hospital, Black race, household income <600% of the federal poverty level, and Stage 4 cancer. CONCLUSION: FinTox's robust psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy position it as a reliable tool for detecting financial toxicity. Future research should evaluate its responsiveness to changes over time and integration into clinical workflows.

Thriving of Older People Assessment Scale (TOPAS): Transcultural adaptation, psychometric evaluation, and refinement in a Spanish sample.

The objective of this study was to culturally adapt the Thriving of Older People Assessment Scale (TOPAS) instrument and evaluate its psychometric properties. The study was carried out in two phases: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation and refinement through a cross-sectional study conducted between 2018 and 2020 with 314 participants. The refinement resulted in an abbreviated version of TOPAS, maintaining the original 5 factors with 16 items. Cronbach alpha was 0.91. Composite reliability (0.72-0.89) and average variance extracted (0.57-0.81), supporting discriminant validity. Maximum shared variance for the factors (0.22-0.50) and average shared variance (0.16-0.31), demonstrating discriminant validity. The abbreviated version of TOPAS showed evidence of being a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the adaptability of elderly residents in institutions. Implementing this instrument in Spanish nursing homes allows for a continuous evaluation of residents' well-being in relation to their environment, a construct not previously assessed with available scales.

Psychometric properties of the chinese version of the value-based stigma inventory (VASI): a translation and validation study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Chinese version of the Value-based Stigma Inventory (VASI) and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, among the general Chinese population. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 708 general citizens from Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. The VASI's internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were tested to assess the translated scale's reliability. Several validity tests were performed, including expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and AMOS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States). RESULTS: The Chinese version of the VASI showed good reliability, with a Cronbach's α value of 0.808, and the dimensions ranged from 0.812 to 0.850. Test-retest reliability showed good temporal stability with a value of 0.855, and the split-half reliability value was 0.845, indicating a high degree of consistency. The scale also demonstrated good content validity with a content validity index of 0.952. After conducting exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor structure was identified, including factors of self-realization, personal enrichment, reputation, meritocratic values, and security. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all recommended fit indicators were found to be within the acceptable range, including χ2/DF = 1.338, GFI = 0.960, AGFI = 0.940, RMSEA = 0.031, TLI = 0.985, CFI = 0.989, IFI = 0.989, PGFI = 0.640, and PNFI = 0.729. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of the VASI is valid and reliable among the Chinese general public. The five-factor structured scale effectively assessed public stigma against mental illness, including the value orientations associated with personal stigma. Given the harsh and widespread public stigma against mental illness, the findings from the questionnaire may inform the development of future public health education programs. Public health education is needed to reduce the stigma of mental illness, increase public awareness of mental health issues, and mitigate the continued stigmatization of mental illness.

Faculty Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale (FOTES): Instrument development and content validation.

This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the Faculty Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale (FOTES) based upon both student and faculty perspectives of online teaching and learning in higher education. Online teaching effectiveness is a crucial component of quality education, but it has not been well-defined conceptually, and few studies have been conducted, using relevant domains, to accurately measure online teaching effectiveness. The impact of online course delivery on teaching effectiveness remains unclear. An exploratory sequential mixed methods design was employed with three phases of instrument development and psychometric testing. The FOTES comprises 50 items in seven domains: teaching philosophy, self-efficacy, relationships, course content, learning activities, teaching practices, and satisfaction. The instrument underwent initial testing, yielding positive expert appraisals with good-excellent psychometrics. All domains of the scale were significantly correlated, except for teaching philosophy. The preliminary results of the FOTES provide the empirical evidence to advance additional psychometric validation. This newly developed instrument has the potential to enhance faculty capacity and skill in self-evaluating their teaching effectiveness in online courses, providing a valid and reliable measure. The resulting instrument is poised to promote outcome evaluation and strengthen teaching and learning processes.