The temporal dynamics of perceived stress and depression in college students: An ecological momentary assessment.

Previous studies have implied that stress is a risk factor for depression, but relatively little is known about how healthy individuals' stress dynamically affects depression as a mood in daily life. Therefore, an ecological momentary assessment study was conducted among 141 college students to test the temporal dynamic effect of daily perceived stress on depression and the underlying mediating and moderating role of rumination. Perceived stress, state rumination, and depression were measured using self-compiled questionnaire three times a day over 12 days. Trait rumination was measured with the Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Response Scale. Hierarchical linear models with HLM 7.0 were adopted to examine the mediation and moderation effects. In the mediation model, the greater the daily perceived stress at time t, the higher the state rumination at time t + 1, and state rumination at t + 1 positively predicted college students' depression at t + 2. In the moderation model, trait rumination significantly facilitated perceived stress-induced depression. These results verified that daily perceived stress could affect college students' depression directly or indirectly through the critical mediating mechanism of state rumination, and this effect would be exacerbated with a higher level of trait rumination.

Rumination Swallowing in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy.

Patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) may develop swallowing disorders as the disease progresses. We detected a novel swallowing pattern in patients with LGMD, characterized by unique findings such as a rumination-like behavior, where food reaches the vallecula and piriform sinuses and then is regurgitated back into the oral cavity, re-chewed, and swallowed again. We termed this swallowing pattern "rumination swallowing." In this report, we describe a case of rumination swallowing, as observed through a videofluoroscopic (VF) examination, in a 56-year-old patient with LGMD.

Co-rumination and intrapersonal cognitive processes predict distress: Longitudinal evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Perseverative thinking and catastrophizing have well established associations with fear and distress. However, less is known about the impact of interpersonal dynamics, such as co-rumination, on these intrapersonal cognitive processes and subsequent stress. The present study addresses this knowledge gap. A sample of 433 adults from across the United States was recruited online and completed measures of co-rumination, perseverative thinking, catastrophizing, and demographic characteristics early in the COVID-19 pandemic, and the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) at six month follow up. Co-rumination, perseverative thinking, catastrophizing, and CSS scores were correlated in the expected direction. Regression analyses revealed all three independently predicted CSS worry about the dangerousness of COVID-19 subscale. Co-rumination was the strongest predictor of CSS worry about the socioeconomic impact and CSS compulsive checking scales. Perseverative thinking and catastrophizing predicted CSS traumatic stress symptoms subscale. Finally, perseverative thinking was the strongest predictor of CSS xenophobia subscale. Structural equation modelling indicated that co-rumination had a significant indirect effect on CSS scores through perseverative thinking and catastrophizing. Interpersonal dynamics, such as co-rumination, are relevant for understanding stress and are promising targets for intervention research to prevent or attenuate fears and distress, in addition to traditional intrapersonal cognitive processes such as perseverative thinking and catastrophizing.

A randomized controlled trial of a self-guided mobile app targeting repetitive negative thought to prevent depression in university students: study protocol of the Nurture-U Reducing Worry prevention trial.

BACKGROUND: Tackling poor mental health in university students has been identified as a priority in higher education. However, there are few evidence-based prevention initiatives designed for students. Repetitive Negative Thought (RNT, e.g. worry, rumination) is elevated in university students and is a well-established vulnerability factor for anxiety and depression. Furthermore, there are now evidence-based cognitive-behavioural interventions to tackle RNT. A mobile self-help cognitive-behavioural app targeting RNT, adapted for students may therefore be an effective, scalable, and acceptable way to improve prevention in students. METHODS: An online single blind, two-arm parallel-group Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) to examine the incidence of major depression and symptoms of anxiety and depression across 12 months in university students aged over 16 who screen into the study with self-reported high levels of worry and/or rumination and no current diagnosis of major depression. Eligible participants will be randomised to the active intervention arm (usual practice plus using a self-guided mobile app targeting RNT) or to the control arm (usual practice). In total, 648 participants aged over 16, with no current major depression, bipolar disorder or psychosis will be recruited from UK universities. Assessments will take place at baseline (pre-randomisation), 3 months and 12 months post- randomisation. Primary endpoint and outcome is incidence of major depression as determined by self-reported diagnostic criteria at 12-month follow-up. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, well-being, health-related quality of life, functioning and academic outcomes are secondary outcomes. Compliance, adverse events, and potentially mediating variables will be carefully monitored. DISCUSSION: The trial aims to provide a better understanding of the causal role of tackling RNT (worry, rumination) using a self-help mobile app with respect to preventing depression in university students. This knowledge will be used to develop and disseminate innovative evidence-based, feasible, and effective mobile-health public health strategies for preventing common mental health problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN86795807 Date of registration: 27 October 2022.

The Interactive Effects of Rejection and Rumination on Diurnal Cortisol among Adolescent Girls: A Preliminary Daily Diary Study.

Background: The perseverative cognition hypothesis stipulates that rumination (repetitive, passive, uncontrollable negative thinking) prolongs the experience of a stressor which impacts stress physiology. In line with this hypothesis, we proposed that in response to real-life experiences of social rejection, adolescent girls who ruminate would show a blunted diurnal cortisol slope the next day relative to girls who do not ruminate. We also examined the effects of social rejection and rumination on waking cortisol levels and the cortisol awakening response. Method: Participants were (n = 50) adolescent girls (mean age = 13.30, SD = 2.34) who varied on psychiatric risk and provided saliva samples 4 times a day for 3 days, as well as, daily diary reports of social rejection and rumination. A lagged multilevel model was utilized to examine the interactive effects of rejection and rumination on diurnal cortisol. Results: There was a significant interaction between social rejection and rumination. Specifically, rumination following social rejection was associated with a flatter diurnal cortisol slope. In the absence of rumination, social rejection was marginally associated with a steeper diurnal cortisol slope. The effects for waking cortisol levels and the cortisol awakening response were null. Conclusion: Findings support the perseverative cognition hypothesis and suggest that cognitive mechanisms such as rumination can impact stress physiology.

Chronotype, sleep quality, depression and pre-sleep rumination: A diary and actigraphy study.

Eveningness has been associated with both disturbed sleep and depression. It is unclear, however, if deprived sleep explains evening types' vulnerability to depression. The role of pre-sleep rumination in these associations also remains understudied. The present study assessed the relationship between eveningness and sleep quality, as well as the possible mediating effect of pre-sleep rumination and the moderating effect of a history of depression, under naturalistic conditions. Eighty-eight Dutch-speaking participants (87.5% females, 21.4 ± 3.7 years) were selected on the basis of their non-intermediate chronotype using the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (evening types (n = 53); morning types (n = 35)). Depression status was assessed through a diagnostic interview (healthy (n = 61); remitted depressed (n = 27)). Participants' sleep characteristics were monitored via actigraphy and sleep diaries for seven consecutive days and nights. Pre-sleep rumination was measured via a self-report questionnaire. Evening types had longer subjective and actigraphic sleep onset latency than morning types. Pre-sleep rumination did not mediate the former associations but predicted longer subjective sleep onset latency. Furthermore, the relationship between chronotype and subjective sleep onset latency was moderated by depression history. Remitted depressed evening types reported longer sleep onset latency than healthy evening and morning types, possibly posing the former at a higher risk for depressive relapse. Overall, the current findings address the need to further investigate the physiological signature of circadian rhythms and sleep latency. This could serve as a foundation for the development of prevention and early intervention programs, tailored for mood and sleep disorders.

The impact of somatic symptoms on kinesiophobia after esophagectomy among cancer patients: the mediating roles of intrusive rumination and avoidant coping.

PURPOSE: Kinesiophobia refers to an irrational fear of physical activities or functional exercise due to the fear of pain or reinjury. Cancer patients who undergo esophagectomy are prone to developing kinesiophobia, which adversely affects their disease prognosis and quality of life. Somatic symptoms are closely related to kinesiophobia, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the chain-mediation roles of intrusive rumination and avoidant coping in the relationship between somatic symptoms and kinesiophobia in cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in China from February 2023 to December 2023. A total of 279 postesophagectomy cancer patients were evaluated using the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90), Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). RESULTS: Kinesiophobia was significantly positively correlated with somatic symptoms, intrusive rumination, and avoidant coping (p < 0.001). Somatic symptoms had a direct association with kinesiophobia (ß = 0.280, 95% CI (0.200, 0.360), p < 0.001). Furthermore, our model showed that somatic symptoms had a significant indirect association with kinesiophobia through the separate mediating effects of intrusive rumination (ß = 0.204, 95% CI (0.145, 0.267), p < 0.001) and avoidant coping (ß = 0.049, 95% CI (0.019, 0.088), p < 0.001), as well as through the chain-mediated effects of intrusive rumination-avoidant coping (ß = 0.026, 95% CI (0.012, 0.044), p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggested that intrusive rumination and avoidant coping play separate and chain-mediated roles in the relationship between somatic symptoms and kinesiophobia in postesophagectomy cancer patients.

The Effectiveness of a Digital Mental Fitness Program (Positive Intelligence) on Perceived Stress, Self-Compassion, and Ruminative Thinking of Occupational Therapy Undergraduate Students: Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND: Health care students often endure numerous stressors throughout their undergraduate education that can have lasting negative effects on their mental well-being. Positive Intelligence (PQ) is a digital mental fitness program designed to enhance self-mastery and help individuals reach their potential by strengthening various "mental muscles." OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-week app-delivered PQ program in reducing perceived stress, increasing self-compassion, and decreasing rumination tendencies among health care undergraduates. We hypothesized that students would show reductions in perceived stress, increases in self-compassion, and decreases in rumination tendencies by the end of the PQ program, compared with their preprogram scores. We adopted an exploratory approach for the 5-month follow-up due to the limited research consensus on the sustained effects of app-based programs over varying periods. METHODS: The PQ program includes weekly hour-long videos, weekly group meetings, and daily 15-minute app-guided practices. Participants were first-year students from the occupational therapy program at a university in Singapore. Participants completed surveys measuring self-compassion, perceived stress, and rumination levels before and after the PQ program, and again at a 5-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to assess differences across the pretest, immediate posttest, and follow-up posttest. RESULTS: Out of 87 students enrolled in the study, the final sample consisted of 64 students (n=47, 73%, female; mean age 23 years, SD 5.06 years) with complete data. At the end of the 6 weeks, students exhibited significant increases in self-compassion (before the intervention: mean 3.07, SD 0.35; after the intervention: mean 3.34, SD 0.35; P<.001) and reductions in rumination tendencies (before the intervention: mean 3.57, SD 0.40; after the intervention: mean 3.27, SD 0.34; P<.001). However, no significant change in perceived stress levels was observed (before the intervention: 2.99, SD 0.14; after the intervention: mean 2.97, SD 0.16; P=.50). These effects were not influenced by the daily app-based practice of PQ exercises, and there were no sustained effects on self-compassion (mean 3.17, SD 0.27; P=.09) or rumination tendencies (mean 3.42, SD 0.38; P=.06) at the 5-month follow-up. Additionally, there was a significant increase in perceived stress at follow-up (mean 3.17, SD 0.21; P<.001) compared with pre- and postintervention levels. CONCLUSIONS: The PQ program did not directly alter stress perceptions but may have reframed students' automatic negative thought processes, increased their awareness of self-sabotaging behaviors, and enhanced their self-compassion while reducing ruminative thinking. These findings highlight the importance of self-awareness for students' well-being. Students can benefit from practices such as mindfulness and peer discussions to enhance self-compassion and reduce rumination. Educators trained in the PQ program can foster a supportive environment that encourages self-compassion, challenges negative self-talk, and helps students manage stress.

Linseed oil supplementation alters milk fatty acid profile, mitigates heat stress, and improves summer milk yield in grazing dairy cows.

Dietary supplementation of fat can be an important source of energy to compensate for the reduction in dry matter intake in dairy cows during heat stress periods. Studies have reported that supplementing dairy cow diets with linseed oil (LO) can increase milk yield and enhance the levels of beneficial fatty acids, such as omega-3 fatty acids, in the milk. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of LO supplementation on milk fatty acids profile, milk yield and composition, and physiological parameters of grazing cows. The study was conducted in two seasons, one in spring and one in summer. A 2 × 2 Latin square design was used in each experiment. Twelve Holstein and crossbred Holstein x Jersey cows were involved in each season. Cows were divided into two groups: control (TC) with no supplementation and treatment (TL) supplemented with 400 g/day of LO. The results showed that LO supplementation altered the milk fatty acid profile: decreased concentrations of short and medium-chain fatty acids (C10:0 - C17:1) except for C13:0 and increased concentrations of long-chain fatty acids (C18, C18:1 (both trans and cis isomers), C18:2 (specific conjugated linoleic acid - CLA isomers), and C18:3 n3 (omega-3)). Additionally, milk yield increased by 1.5 l per day during summer in LO-supplemented cows, while milk fat, protein, and casein content decreased. Milk stability increased by 2.2% in the LO-supplemented group. LO-supplemented cows reduced internal body temperature and heart frequency in the afternoon and increased daily rumination time by 20 min. In conclusion, LO supplementation can be an effective strategy to improve the nutritional profile of milk by altering fatty acid composition towards potentially healthier fats, mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on grazing cows during summer, as evidenced by reduced body temperature and heart frequency and increase milk yield.

Cognitive processing, resilience, and family functioning as contributors to posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the existence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its association with cognitive processing, resilience, and family functioning in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHOD: Family caregivers (N = 114) were surveyed using measures of cognitive processing, resilience, family functioning, and PTG. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: The average PTG score in the sample was 48.6 (SD = 18.7; range 14-105). Race, education level, severity of the patient's AD, cognitive processing, resilience, and family functioning explained 25.8% of the variance in PTG (F [9, 95] = 5.025, p < 0.001). Race was significantly correlated with PTG; specifically, non-White caregivers reported higher PTG than White caregivers (p < 0.05). When controlling for race and education level, mild AD, intrusive rumination, and family satisfaction were significant predictors of PTG (p < 0.05). However, deliberate rumination, resilience, and family communication were not significant predictors PTG (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings provide insight into factors that may influence the development of PTG in family caregivers of patients with AD. Results may inform intervention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of caregiving and promote PTG in this caregiver population.

Gender and trait rumination moderates the link between trait impulsivity and gambling problems severity in young adults.

AIMS: Trait impulsivity and trait rumination appear to uniquely contribute to problem gambling. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated their relationship with each other, and no study has tested whether their interplay could explain problem gambling. In this study, we aimed to examine these associations, especially focusing on the putative moderator role of gender. METHODS: The present study utilized data from the first wave of the Budapest Longitudinal Study, representatively surveying young adults. The final, weighted sample consisted of N = 1202 (649 men; mean age = 28.04 years; SD = 4.31) participants who reported gambling in the past year. Gambling severity was assessed by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), trait impulsivity was measured by Barratt Impulsiveness Scale short form (BIS-R-10), while rumination was assessed by the short version of Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant positive association between impulsivity and problematic gambling, and we found that both trait rumination and gender moderated this association, even after controlling for depressed mood, age, level of education, and subjective relative wealth. For men, when the level of trait rumination was high, higher levels of trait impulsivity were associated with an increase in gambling problems. However, these associations were not found among women. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the interplay of trait rumination and trait impulsivity might contribute to problem gambling, potentially by the impulsive desire to alleviate negative mood states. Our results also revealed that these associations could be stronger among men than in women.

Association between rumination, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in persons with depressive and other mood disorders and healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Suicidal ideation and behaviors are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately 90 % of suicide completers have a diagnosable mood disorder. Extant literature reports rumination mediates functional impairment across mood disorders. Herein, we report the association between rumination and suicidality amongst persons with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. METHODS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis included relevant articles retrieved from Web of Science, OVID and PubMed from inception to March 20, 2024. Random effects model was used to calculate the correlation between rumination, suicidal ideation and attempt. RESULTS: A total of 27 eligible studies were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Rumination (r = 0.25 [95 % CI: -0.03, 0.49]), reflection (r = 0.15 [-0.71, 0.83]) and brooding (r = 0.13 [-0.58, 0.73]) were nonsignificantly correlated with suicidal ideation in mood disorders. Suicide attempt history was significantly associated with greater odds of rumination in persons with depressive disorders (OR = 1.13 [0.42, 3.02]). In healthy controls, rumination (r = 0.30 [0.21, 0.38]), reflection (r = 0.23 [0.13, 0.32]) and brooding (r = 0.24 [0.12, 0.36]) were significantly correlated with suicidal ideation. Rumination also predicted lifetime history of suicide attempts in healthy controls (OR = 1.70 [1.16, 2.49]). LIMITATIONS: There were inadequate sample sizes of persons with different mood and psychiatric disorders which may have underpowered our ability to detect clinically meaningful associations. DISCUSSION: Our study reports a transdiagnostic association between measures of rumination and suicidality. Future research vistas should parse the neurobiological substrates subserving rumination and identify targeted therapies and their association with general cognition and treatment response.

Induced ruminative and mindful self-focus in daily life across the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Rumination and mindfulness are transdiagnostic risk and protective factors while their role in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the cycle-phase-specific effects of rumination and mindful self-focus on momentary mood and cognitions in women with and without PMDD. This study involved brief ambulatory inductions of ruminative and mindful self-focus along with ambulatory assessments of negative (NA) and positive affect (PA), and rumination, present-moment-awareness (PMA) and self-acceptance on two days during both the follicular and late luteal phase in women with and without PMDD (n = 60 each). Compared to healthy controls, women with PMDD showed stronger increases in PA in response to mindful self-focus inductions during the late luteal phase, whereas no such group differences were identified during the follicular phase. Independent of clinical status and cycle phase, induced ruminative self-focus immediately increased momentary NA and rumination and decreased PMA, whereas induced mindful self-focus inductions increased momentary self-acceptance. Overall, higher PA-reactivity toward mindful self-focusing during late luteal phase in women with PMDD points to the potential of cycle-phase-specific mindfulness interventions for PMDD. Irrespective of cycle phase, rumination and mindfulness appear to represent targets for brief prevention and intervention measures for both non-clinical and clinical groups.

The association between aspects of expressive suppression emotion regulation strategy and rumination traits: a network analysis approach.

Expressive suppression is an abnormal emotion regulation strategy, and its relationship with rumination traits is unclear. In this study with 395 participants in China (33.9% female, Mean age = 21.22, SD = 2.11), we estimated the association between expressive suppression and rumination traits, using the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) respectively. Considering there may be complex correlations between different behavioral symptoms of expressive suppression ("Keeping emotions to myself", "Inhibiting positive emotion responses", "Controlling emotions by not expressing them", "Inhibiting negative emotion responses") and different subtypes of rumination traits, this study employed a symptom-based network analysis method to uncover the differential association between rumination traits and expressive suppression, and the key symptoms linking the two. The study found the S3 node (Controlling emotions by not expressing them) had significant positive correlations with symptom rumination, brooding, and reflective pondering. Among the network, the S3 node acts as a bridge between two variables. This suggests that interventions targeting the S3 symptom may improve rumination traits. The present study was a cross-sectional study with limitations in revealing the causal relationships between expression suppression and rumination traits. Future studies could employ longitudinal tracing methods to explore the relationship between them.

Self-concealment is associated with brooding, but not with reflection: relationship between self-concealment and rumination among older adults.

BACKGROUND: Previous research found that self-concealment was associated with rumination in younger adults. However, no study had investigated the relationship between self-concealment and rumination in older adults. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-concealment and the two subfactors of rumination: brooding and reflection, in older adults. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the relationship between self-concealment and rumination in older adults. Considering that rumination has two subfactors: brooding, which reflects the more maladaptive aspects of rumination; and reflection, which reflects the more adaptive aspects of rumination, we separately investigated the relationship between self-concealment and the two subfactors of rumination. RESULTS: We found that after controlling for other potentially relevant variables and the interrelationship between these two subfactors, self-concealment was associated with brooding, but not with reflection. CONCLUSIONS: Self-concealment was only associated with the maladaptive aspect of rumination (i.e. brooding), and not with the adaptive aspects of rumination (i.e. reflection). These findings have important implications for enhancing the understanding of older adults' mental health, and imply that improving self-concealment could potentially mitigate the maladaptive aspects of rumination, which may offer valuable insights for guiding future psychogeriatrics interventions.

The effects of mindfulness-based techniques on self-rumination, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression among patients with major depression: a nursing perspective.

Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often struggle with adaptive strategies like self-reflection and cognitive reappraisal, relying instead on maladaptive ones like self-rumination and emotional suppression. Mindfulness-based techniques (MBTs) have been identified as a promising complementary psychological intervention for this population. Aims: To evaluate the effects of MBTs on mindful attention awareness, self-rumination, self-reflection, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in patients with MDD between patients who receive MBTs and those who do not. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was carried out at the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics. A representative sample of 120 patients with MDD were randomly recruited to either a study group (n = 60) or a control group (n = 60). The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), The Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ) and The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were utilised to collect data. Results: After participation in MBTs, the study group had significantly greater improvements in the mean scores of MAAS, RRQ, Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression compared to the control group (p < 0.001 each). Recommendations: The study recommends developing and implementing training programmes for nurses to equip them with the skills and knowledge to effectively deliver MBTs as part of patient care. Conducting longitudinal studies is necessary to assess the sustainability of these improvements.

A New Approach to Recording Rumination Behavior in Dairy Cows.

Rumination behavior in cattle can provide valuable information for monitoring health status and animal welfare, but continuous monitoring is essential to detect changes in rumination behavior. In a previous study validating the use of a respiration rate sensor equipped with a triaxial accelerometer, the regurgitation process was also clearly visible in the pressure and accelerometer data. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to measure the individual lengths of rumination cycles and to validate whether the sensor data showed the same number of regurgitations as those counted visually (video or direct observation). For this purpose, 19 Holstein Friesian cows equipped with a respiration rate sensor were observed for two years, with a focus on rumination behavior. The results showed a mean duration of 59.27 ± 9.01 s (mean ± SD) per rumination cycle and good agreement (sensitivity: 99.1-100%, specificity: 87.8-95%) between the two methods (sensor and visual observations). However, the frequency of data streaming (continuously or every 30 s) from the sensor to the data storage system strongly influenced the classification performance. In the future, an algorithm and a data cache will be integrated into the sensor to provide rumination time as an additional output.

Multidisciplinary behavioral therapy reduces rumination.

BACKGROUND: Behavioral therapy has proved effective as rumination therapy. Our objective was to treat rumination patients using multidisciplinary behavioral therapy aimed at reducing ≥2 of the rumination score. METHODS: All patients fulfilled Rome IV criteria for rumination and were referred to speech therapy for psychoeducation, diaphragmatic breathing exercises and guided eating, physiotherapy for exercises to relax the thoracic and abdominal muscles, and consultation with the psychologist and the dietitian. Symptoms, depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and functional capacity were evaluated by questionnaires (Rome IV, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), 15D, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0) at baseline and at 6-month control. Esophageal manometry was performed at 6-month control. KEY RESULTS: The study enrolled 11 patients (19-64 years, 10 female). Rumination score: 6.5 (5-8) at baseline, 4.0 (3-5) at the 6-month control, p = 0.005. BDI/8 (6-13), BAI/15 (8-29) at baseline; BDI/7 (4-8), BAI/15 (7-27) at the 6-month control, NS. 15D score: 0.800 at baseline, 0.845 at the 6-month control, NS. WHODAS 2.0 score: 15 (7-33) at baseline, 11 (7-26) at the 6-month control, NS. Rumination could be evoked in manometry in six of nine (67%) patients at 6-month control. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Behavioral multidisciplinary therapy significantly reduces the self-assessed frequency of rumination. These patients have more depression, anxiety and a lower HRQoL compared to the normal population.

Social media ostracism and creativity: moderating role of emotional intelligence.

The goal of this study is to learn more about social media ostracism, a stressor associated with online social networks, defined by feelings of rejection, exclusion, or ignoring. We investigate the connection between social media ostracism and worker creativity. We suggest that psychological safety and psychological rumination serve as intermediaries in this relationship. Furthermore, we investigate emotional intelligence as a relationship regulator. To verify our hypothesis, we gathered data with the help of the HR department from 244 workers of nine Chinese organizations. Our research shows that psychological rumination and social media exclusion are significantly correlated, but only in workers with low emotional intelligence. Furthermore, for individuals with strong emotional intelligence, we did not discover a statistically negative association between psychological safety and social media exclusion. Findings suggest that psychological safety and psychological rumination serve as mediating factors in the relationship between employee creativity and social media exclusion. This study illuminates the negative aspects of social media ostracism and reveals how it might hinder creativity. It also emphasizes how emotional intelligence functions as a moderator. Organizations may learn a lot from this study on how to lessen the negative impacts of social media exclusion on employee creativity.

Compare the effectiveness of two treatments, behavioral activation and acceptance and commitment therapy, on depression and mental rumination in mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Ilam city.

BACKGROUND: Since in most families, mothers are more responsible for taking care of children and have more responsibility than fathers for monitoring the child, taking care of a disabled child can have a more negative effect on the psychological state of mothers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation (BA) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in depression and rumination in mothers with children with cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was quasi-experimental field research with a pre-posttest and control group. The study population comprised 237 mothers with children who had cerebral palsy and were referred to occupational therapy centers in Ilam, Iran. The sample consisted of 60 participants selected by convenience sampling, who were randomly divided into two experimental groups (BA and ACT) and a control group (n = 20 per group). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 with descriptive and inferential statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). RESULTS: The results of both BA and ACT were effective in reducing depression (P < 0.01) and rumination (P < 0.01) in the two experimental groups compared with the control group in the posttest phase. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the ACT in reducing depression and rumination was found to be more significant than the effectiveness of BA (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that both BA and ACT are effective in reducing depression and rumination in the research participants. However, the study also found that ACT was more effective than BA in reducing depression and rumination. Thus, both approaches can be used to strengthen treatment interventions to lessen depression and rumination in the research participants.