Potential for Scombroid Poisoning from Ingestion of Selar crumenophthalmus Due to Increased Histamine Levels in Grenada, West Indies.

ABSTRACT: In scombroid poisoning, a seafood-associated disease, consumption of fish that contains high levels of histamine results in allergy-like symptoms that range from mild to occasionally severe. To date, there is no published information on scombroid poisoning from Selar crumenophthalmus on the Caribbean island of Grenada, West Indies. S. crumenophthalmus is of particular interest because it is a common and heavily consumed fish that has been implicated in scombroid poisoning in Hawaii. Preliminary data on S. crumenophthalmus in Grenada have demonstrated the presence of Photobacterium damselae, a bacterium associated with scombroid poisoning. The present study further tested S. crumenophthalmus purchased in Grenada for factors that would indicate the potential for scombroid poisoning, including increased histamine levels in fish muscle and DNA evidence of bacteria associated with scombroid poisoning. Histamine levels between 7,160 and 66,688 ppm were found after temperature abuse at 37°C for 19 h; this far exceeds the acceptable limit for the United States (50 ppm) and the European Union (100 to 200 ppm). Even after 4 h of incubation at ambient temperature (28.9°C) during a time-point study, histamine levels exceeded U.S. acceptable limits (>50 ppm), and five samples used for temperature-abuse studies had elevated histamine levels (ranging from 141 to 2,510 ppm) at 0 h. PCR and sequence analysis of bacteria in temperature-abused fish identified P. damselae and Morganella morganii, which are histamine-producing bacteria known to be implicated in scombroid poisoning. These results suggest the potential for scombroid poisoning in Grenada and the need for promoting awareness about this disease.

Some Biological Aspects of Bigeye Scad, Selar crumenophthalmus from Bangaa Faru, Maldives.

In this paper, we studied some biological aspects of big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) from Maldives. The fish sample was collected from the local fish market at Bangaa Faru, Male, Maldives. The length of the samples were ranged from 7.7 cm to 24.5 cm (mean value = 16.85 ± 2.82 cm) in fork length. Body weight ranged between 8 g to 255.6 g (mean value = 87.76 ± 40.41 g). The exponent values (b slope) of lengthweight relationship of S. crumenophthalmus are 2.9838 for females and 2.7687 for males; indicating negative allometric growth pattern for both sexes. Synchronous reproductive behaviour was observed in both sexes and a pronounced peak of Gonadosomatic index was observed in females in January 2013. It is estimated that length at first maturity (L50) for females is at 19.39 cm FL and for males at 21.76 cm FL. Our result also suggest that big eye scad have a reduced swimming capability, resulting the species to be easily caught. Careful planning and management should be implemented to prevent the big eye scad from being overfished.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus (Perciformes: Carangidae).

The bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) is a widely distributed pelagic fish species with highly commercial values. Little information was available about its genetic characteristics. In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of S. crumenophthalmus by combining sequences of overlapped fragments amplified by PCR using primers designed for Carangidae species. The entire sequence was 16,610 bp in length, which included a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of light strand replication). The genome was composed of 27.2% A, 29.5% C, 26.5% T and 16.8% G, showing an obvious anti G bias commonly observed in teleosts. The complete mitogenome sequence of S. crumenophthalmus could contribute for the studies on phylogenetics, population structure and for developing fisheries management strategies.

INFLUENCIA DE LA FASE LUNAR EN LAS TASAS DE CAPTURA DE Selar crumenophthalmus (CARANGIDAE) EN EL CARIBE DE COLOMBIA. UNA APROXIMACIÓN POR MODELOS LINEALES GENERALIZADOS / Moon Phase Influence on Catch Rates of Selar crumenophthalmus (Carangidae) in the Caribbean Sea off Colombia. A Generalized Linear Models Approach

Las tasas de captura de Selar crumenophthalmus provenientes de los desembarcos registrados en el norte del mar Caribe de Colombia fueron analizadas y estandarizadas mediante Modelos Lineales Generalizados (MLG). Se utilizó información colectada entre 1994 y 2001. Los factores que se utilizaron como predictores lineales fueron: año, mes, código lunar, sector geográfico, y estrato de profundidad. Las mayores tasas de captura fueron detectadas durante los dos días de luna nueva máxima en el sector del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, lo cual indica que la mayor disponibilidad del recurso, dado su hábito nocturno y fototaxis positiva, está muy localizada en el tiempo. Esta condición ha de incorporarse en los esquemas de ordenamiento, una vez que facilita la implementación de mecanismos de control pesquero. Se registró una disminución de la tasa de captura en los últimos dos años del periodo examinado, tendencia que sugiere el deterioro de la abundancia poblacional de este recurso, hasta ahora considerado fuera de riesgo de sobreexplotación. En pesquerías multiespecíficas, explicar la abundancia poblacional con tasas de captura estimadas incluyendo solo datos de lances que registren la especie analizada, puede derivar en una conclusión conceptual y cuantitativamente incorrecta.

Catch rates of Selar crumenophthalmus in the landings belonging from the north of the Caribbean Sea off Colombia were analyzed and standardized with Generalized Lineal Models (GLM). Information collected between 1994 and 2001 was used. The factors used as lineal predictors were: year, month, Moon phases, geographic sector, and depth. The highest catch rates were detected during the two days 100% New Moon in the Tayrona National Natural Park, which indicates that the availability of the resource, because its nocturne habit and positive phototaxis, is located in the time. This condition should be incorporates in management schemes, since facilitates the implementation of fishing control strategies. A diminution of the catch rate was registered in the last two years; tendency that suggests the deterioration of the population abundance of this species, until now considered without over-exploitation risk. In multispecies fishing grounds, explanation of the population abundance with catch rates estimated with only data of hauls that recorded the analyzed species can derive in a conceptual and quantitatively incorrect conclusion.