[The characteristics of prevention of drug addiction and narcotism in municipal formation of city of Novorossiysk].

The drug addiction is one of most serious deviant behavior seriously harming both addict person and one's relationship. The drug using is considered as deviant because means using substances from non-legal turn-over or applied in non-medical purposes. Then follows degradation of health of person and one's positioning into physical and mental dependence on them. With time, personal dependence on drugs becomes stronger. The addicted person looses possibility to experience joy from natural stimuli and more difficulties in controlling drug using appear. Persons using drugs frequently commit crimes to have money to maintain one's dependence. Therefore, issues of prevention narcotism and struggle with drug addiction are fundamental ones for whole system of prevention in Novorossiysk. The article presents analysis of implemented activities and adopted measures of struggle with drug addiction in population of Novorossiysk.

How students taking introductory biology experience the chemistry content.

Student experiences learning chemistry have been well studied in chemistry courses but less so in biology courses. Chemistry concepts are foundational to introductory biology courses, and student experiences learning chemistry concepts may impact their overall course experiences and subsequent student outcomes. In this study, we asked undergraduate students enrolled in introductory biology courses at a public R1 institution an open-response question asking how their experiences learning chemistry topics affected their identities as biologists. We used thematic analysis to identify common ideas in their responses. We found that while almost half of student respondents cited learning chemistry as having positive impacts on their experiences learning biology, students who struggled with chemistry topics were significantly more likely to have negative experiences learning biology. We also found significant relationships between prior chemistry preparation, student background, and the likelihood of students struggling with chemistry and negative experiences learning biology. These findings emphasize the impact of learning specific content on student psychosocial metrics and suggest areas for biology educators to focus on to support learning and alleviate student stress in introductory biology.

Being a woman in disasters: experiences of disaster workers in Turkey.

Socioeconomic conditions, cultural beliefs, traditional practices that disadvantage women and gender inequality cause women to be affected differently from men. In this study, we aimed to identify the problems faced by women exposed to disasters in Turkey through the experiences of disaster workers. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 13 disaster workers. Phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The data were evaluated by content analysis. Research data were categorized using codes, and themes and sub-themes were created. With the content analysis, four themes were determined as 'Emotional Burden', 'Struggle', 'Vulnerability' and 'Gender'. Disasters have negatively affected women due to gender inequality. At the same time, women can be challenged in disasters. It can be recommended to develop gender-sensitive policies in disaster management and to ensure women's participation in decision-making processes.

Pediatric chaplains iterative process to address religious & spiritual struggle: a qualitative study.

The growing body of literature on religious and spiritual (R/S) struggles consistently highlights its association with various health outcomes in Pediatrics. Chaplains or spiritual care providers, as members of interdisciplinary teams, frequently offer spiritual care to patients and families grappling with R/S struggles. However, there is a paucity of literature demonstrating how chaplains address R/S struggle in their practice. This study aimed to construct a theory describing the process by which pediatric chaplains conceptualize and address it. Employing a constructivist Grounded Theory study design, we sought to comprehend the approaches pediatric chaplains utilize in addressing R/S struggles. Following a semi-structured interview guide, we interviewed twelve Board Certified or Board Certification-eligible chaplains. Findings reveal that chaplains use an iterative three-phase process to address R/S struggles. Thirteen categories emerged, which were further organized into four major themes: Assessing, Processing, Intervening, and Navigating Limitations. A model depicting this iterative process was constructed.

Suicidal ambivalence: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal ambivalence is considered a characteristic condition of suicidal individuals. At the same time, there is a lack of a uniform definition, conception and assessment of suicidal ambivalence. On this background, the current scoping review aims to explore the extent, range, and nature of research activity on suicidal ambivalence and to summarize research findings. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in four different databases (PubMed, Psychinfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) using an array of search terms (e.g., ambivalence, internal suicide debate, reasons for living and reasons for dying, wish to live and wish to die). RESULTS: In total, 28 articles published between 1977 and 2023 were included in the scoping review. The study situation lacks a clear definition, conceptualization and operationalization of suicidal ambivalence. Nonetheless, suicidal ambivalence is a common experience in persons contemplating suicide and suicidal ambivalence seems to be present before, during and after a suicide attempt. Suicidal ambivalence is associated with diverse markers of negative/positive mental health as well as suicidal ideation and behavior. CONCLUSION: Results point to the relevance of suicidal ambivalence. At the same time, there are large gaps in knowledge about the development, impact and therapeutic responsiveness of suicidal ambivalence.

Hope, meaning in life and religious/spiritual struggle predicts the quality of life in cancer patients with early and advanced malignancy: a structural equation modeling approach.

Purpose: This study examined hope, meaning in life (MIL), and religious/spiritual struggle (RSS) as predictors of the quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. We hypothesized a positive association of QOL with hope and MIL, whereas a negative association with RSS. The stage of cancer was hypothesized as a moderator variable between QOL and hope. Hope and MIL were assumed as positive predictors and RSS as negative predictor of QOL. Methods: Data stem from the cross-sectional survey study of 300 cancer patients (Mean age = 50.97 ± 13.50 SD). Herth Hope Index, Meaning in Life Scale, Religious Spiritual Struggle Scale and WHO-QOL-BRIEF were used. The correlation coefficient and partial least square structural equation modeling approach (PLS-SEM) were used for assessing the measurement model and the structural model. Results: As hypothesized, QOL was found positively associated with Hope and MIL, but negatively associated with RSS. The stage of cancer was hypothesized as a negative moderator. The three predictors significantly predicted QOL in cancer patients and explained 75.3% of the variance in QOL, and the overall model fit was adequate (SRMR = 0.075). Hope and MIL had a positive impact on QOL (ß = .356, p < 0.01; ß = .355 p < 0.01, respectively), whereas RSS had a negative impact (ß = -.102, p < .05). The Stage of cancer did not moderate the path coefficient between the hope and QOL to a significant degree (ß = .097, p > 0.01). Conclusion: In cancer patients, hope and MIL are facilitators of QOL. Addressing religious and spiritual concerns and struggles is critical to overall QOL improvement.

Temporal associations between meaning in life, ultimate meaning struggles, and mental health outcomes in a spiritually integrated inpatient program.

BACKGROUND: Meaning in life is a benchmark indicator of flourishing that can likely mitigate the severity of depression symptoms among persons seeking mental healthcare. However, patients contending with serious mental health difficulties often experience a painful void or absence of ultimate meaning in their lives that might hinder recovery. This two-wave longitudinal study examined temporal associations between perceived presence of meaning in life, struggles with ultimate meaning, flourishing, and depression symptoms among adults in a spiritually integrated inpatient treatment program. METHODS: Of the 242 patients assessed at intake, 90% (N = 218; 40% Cisgender male; 57% Cisgender female; 3.0% nonbinary) completed validated measures of these meaning-related factors and mental health outcomes at discharge. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses revealed perceptions of meaning in life and ultimate meaning struggles were inversely linked with one another along with being associated with indices of positive and negative mental health in varying ways at the start and end of treatment. Drawing upon a two-wave cross-lagged panel design, longitudinal structural equation modeling analyses supported a Primary Meaning Model whereby having a subjective sense of meaning in life at intake was prospectively linked with lower levels of ultimate meaning struggles and greater flourishing at discharge. However, baseline levels of mental health outcomes were not predictive of the meaning-related factors in this sample. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the utility of assessing patients' perceived meaning in life and ultimate meaning struggles in spiritually integrated programs and for clinicians to be prepared to possibly address these meaning-related concerns in the treatment process.

Examining Moderation of Dignity Therapy Effects by Symptom Burden or Religious/Spiritual Struggles.

CONTEXT: Dignity therapy (DT) is a well-researched psychotherapeutic intervention but it remains unclear whether symptom burden or religious/spiritual (R/S) struggles moderate DT outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of symptom burden and R/S struggles on DT outcomes. METHODS: This analysis was the secondary aim of a randomized controlled trial that employed a stepped-wedge design and included 579 participants with cancer, recruited from six sites across the United States. Participants were ages 55 years and older, 59% female, 22% race other than White, and receiving outpatient specialty palliative care. Outcome measures included the seven-item dignity impact scale (DIS), and QUAL-E subscales (preparation for death; life completion); distress measures were the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS-r) (symptom burden), and the Religious Spiritual Struggle Scale (RSS-14; R/S). RESULTS: DT effects on DIS were significant for patients with both low (P = 0.03) and moderate/high symptom burden (P = 0.001). They were significant for patients with low (P = 0.004) but not high R/S struggle (P = 0.10). Moderation effects of symptom burden (P = 0.054) and R/S struggle (P = 0.52) on DIS were not significant. DT effects on preparation and completion were not significant, neither were the moderation effects of the two distress measures. CONCLUSION: Neither baseline symptom burden nor R/S struggle significantly moderated the effect of DT on DIS in this sample. Further study is warranted including exploration of other moderation models and development of measures sensitive to effects of DT and other end-of-life psychotherapeutic interventions.

Stress Responses Among Individuals with Spiritual Struggles in Hungary: An Experimental Study.

Individuals with a Religious or Spiritual Problem (RSP), as defined in the DSM-5, experience distress associated with faith-related moral dilemmas, existential meaning, and transpersonal attitudes toward other people. It is unclear whether a RSP reflects a generally heightened stress reactivity or whether the stress response is confined to religious and spiritual contexts. To elucidate this issue, we measured behavioral and physiological responses during social-evaluative stress (public speaking-Trier Social Stress Test) and in religious/spiritual contexts (Bible reading and listening to sacred music) in 35 individuals with RSP and 35 matched participants. We found no stress reduction in the religious/spiritual context in RSP, as indicated by increased heart rate, saliva cortisol, and relatively higher left than right frontal activity. Religious stimuli evoked physiological stress responses in RSP. Contrary to the physiological parameters, participants with RSP reported less anxiety in the religious/spiritual context. Religious individuals with and without RSP showed similar stress responses during public speaking. Religious individuals without RSP displayed reduced stress responses in the religious/spiritual context. These results indicate that specific physiological distress in religious/spiritual contexts should be considered in the psychological care of RSP.

An Overview of One Health Concept Focusing on Toxoplasmosis.

The "One Health" concept is a universal approach to sustainably balancing and optimizing the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems. This approach is based on the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, and plants in a wider environment in which self-renewable ecosystems exist, with essential characteristics of integration, unifying and holistic perspective. Toxoplasmosis, one of the most common zoonotic infections in both terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems in the world, is an ideal model disease for the "One Health" approach. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. In the life cycle of T. gondii, the definitive host is domestic cats and felines, and the intermediate hosts are all mammals (including humans), birds and reptiles. The infected cats have primary importance and play a crucial role in the contamination of habitats in the ecosystems with T. gondii oocysts. Thus, ecosystems with domestic cats and stray cats are contaminated with cat feces infected with T. gondii oocytes. T. gondii positivity has been scientifically demonstrated in all warm-blooded animals in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The disease causes deaths and abortions in farm animals, resulting in great economic losses. However, the disease causes great problems in humans, especially pregnant women. During pregnancy, it may have effects such as congenital infections, lesions in the eye and brain of the fetus, premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation, fever, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, ocular lesions, encephalitis, and abortion. The mechanism of death and abortion of the fetus in a pregnant woman infected with T. gondii occurs as a result of complete disruption of the maternal immune mechanism. The struggle against toxoplasmosis requires the universal collaboration and coordination of the World Organization for Animal Health, the World Health Organization and the World Food Organization in the "One Health" concept and integrative approaches of all responsible disciplines. Establishing universal environmental safety with the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis requires the annihilation of the feces of the infected cats using suitable techniques firstly. Then routinely, the monitoring and treatment of T. gondii positivity in cats, avoiding contact with contaminated foods and materials, and development of modern treatment and vaccine options. Particularly, mandatory monitoring or screening of T. gondii positivity during the pregnancy period in humans should be done. It would be beneficial to replace the French model, especially in the monitoring of disease in humans. In this article, the ecology of toxoplasmosis was reviewed at the base of the "One Health" concept.

Understanding the experiences of helplessness, fatigue and coping strategies among women seeking treatment for infertility - A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Infertility impacts families and communities worldwide, affecting millions of people of reproductive age. The fertility rate in India is alarming. Fertility is valued in the majority of cultures, and having children is a fundamental motivation. The frustration and anger of an infertile woman affect her family, friends, and even her husband. This study aims to assess the factors that contribute to helplessness, fatigue, and coping strategies among women with infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in-depth interview was conducted among ten participants, to collect information about the challenges faced by women experiencing infertility. The participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique and they had at least 1 year of experience with infertility. A phenomenological study was utilized and themes and sub-themes were developed. Data was collected by using a list of probing open-ended questions and analyzed by colaizzi method. RESULTS: Women receiving infertility treatment over a long period of time disclosed that they are dealing with stressful situations in their lives. The experience left them feeling helpless in some stressful conditions. Due to a lack of both financial and emotional support from their family, when they are helpless, they are too worn out to continue their treatment. Some of these women are using different coping strategies to overcome their problems. We found seven common themes from this in-depth interview; 1) Lack of hope and support, 2) Spiritual resources, 3) Negative thoughts, 4) Social abstain, 5) Mental engagement, 6) Emotional concealment, and 7) Coping strategies. CONCLUSION: This study provides social, emotion and spiritual condition of infertile women in society. The majority of these women struggle with having negative thoughts due to a lack of support, concern, and involvement from their families. These results highlight the need to promote coping strategies, importance of financial and emotional support from the family members.

Religiosity and death anxiety among cancer patients: the mediating role of religious comfort and struggle.

OBJECTIVES: Religiosity may serve as a personal source of support when people face a life-threatening illness, but it can also elicit stress. The main aim of this study is to show how various religious dimensions interplay in predicting death anxiety in patients diagnosed as having cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical research, 141 Polish patients who were hospitalized due to cancer were selected using sequential convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Centrality of Religiosity Scale, Religious Comfort and Strain Scale, and the Death Anxiety and Dying Distress Scale. RESULTS: The authors' results show that the effect of the centrality of religiosity on death anxiety is non-linear. We can also confirm the mediating role of religious comfort and struggles in the relationship between the centrality of religiosity and death anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, religious struggles appear to weaken the effect of religion on death anxiety, whereas religious comfort (contrary to expectation) does not enhance it. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(4):450-64.

Elección de pareja: Implicaciones y complicaciones / Mate Choice: Implications and Complications

Resumen La soledad individualista humana impele a vivir en pareja y a alcanzar complementariedad hombre/mujer, afecto y reci procidad. El periodismo científico de este artículo parafrasea el contenido de su bibliografía al revisar la elección de pareja, su satisfacción y complicaciones e instrucción preventiva de circunstancias que ocasionan ruptura. La falla -desde la elección-, desconoce los mecanismos entre razón e instinto sexual. El problema del amor no es ser amado sino desarrollar tal capacidad, pues lo extingue la inadaptación y monotonía. Se describe el acto elector/elegido y sus razones simultáneas: conscientes (homogeneidad/heterogeneidad del encuentro; emulación del modelo animal; tipo, dinámica vincular y redes sociales; aspectos sociodemográficos; ubicación geográfica y accesibilidad; compartición sexual y expectativas inmediatas/ futuras), e inconscientes (problemática electora, interacción diádica y antecedentes parentales; mecanismos de defensa, intercambio de disociaciones; idealización; reciprocidad negativa, lucha de poder, identificación proyectiva, búsqueda de aprecio por el otro; narcisismo, falso sí mismo, mecanis mos de dilación/evasión de responsabilidad, inseguridad, intrusión y colusión). Una pareja saludable, entiende/atiende la creación y mantenimiento del "nosotros", elimina la lucha de poder y produce conciliación permanente. El acuerdo y comprensión tolerante son indispensables para una relación emocional satisfactoria, estable y duradera.

Abstract Human individualistic loneliness impels us to live as a couple and achieve complementarity between man and woman, af fection, and reciprocity. The science journalism of this article reviews the choice of partner, their satisfaction and complications, and preventive instruction of circumstances that cause rupture. The failure from the election ignores the mechanisms between reason and sexual instinct. The problem of love is not to be loved but to develop such a capacity, for it is extinguished by maladjustment and monotony. The voting/elected act and its simultaneous reasons are described: Conscious (homogeneity/heterogeneity of the encounter; emulation of the animal model; type, dynamic link and social networks; Sociodemographic aspects; sexual sharing and immediate/future expectations). Unconscious (electoral problems, dyadic interaction, and parental background; defense mechanisms, exchange of dissociations; idealization; negative reciprocity, power struggle, projective identification, search for appreciation for the other; narcissism, false self, mecha nisms of procrastination/evasion of responsibility, insecurity, intrusion, and collusion). A healthy couple, understands/at tends to the creation and maintenance of the "we", eliminates the power struggle and produces permanent conciliation. Tolerant agreement and understanding are indispensable for a satisfying, stable, and lasting emotional relationship.

Assessing the impact of religious resources and struggle on well-being: a report from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors-I.

PURPOSE: The current study examined the relationships between religious resources (i.e., certainty of belief in God and attendance at religious services), religious struggle (e.g., belief that cancer is evidence of God's punishment or abandonment), and physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), in a large, geographically and clinically diverse sample of long-term survivors of cancer. METHODS: Participants were 2021 9-year survivors of cancer from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors - I. Religious resources included belief in God and attendance at religious services. Items from the Brief RCOPE and the PROMIS Psychosocial Impact of Illness were combined to assess religious struggle. Survivors also completed the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, SF-12, and Meaning and Peace subscales of the FACIT-Sp. Regression models were used to predict HRQoL and FCR from religious resources and struggle. RESULTS: In multivariable models, certain belief in God predicted greater mental HRQoL (B = 1.99, p < .01), and attendance at religious services was associated with greater FCR (B = .80, p < .05) as well as better mental (B = .34, p < .01) and physical (B = .29, p < .05) HRQoL. In addition, religious struggle predicted greater FCR (B = 1.32, p < .001) and poorer mental (B = - .59, p < .001) and physical (B = - .29, p < .001) HRQoL. Many of these relationships were mediated through Meaning. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of FCR, religious resources predicted better HRQoL outcomes in these long-term survivors of cancer. Conversely, religious struggle consistently predicted poorer HRQoL, including greater FCR. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Given the documented importance of its role in coping with the cancer experience, religion/spirituality should be a consideration in every survivorship care plan. Multidisciplinary assessment and support of religious resources and identification of and referral for religious struggle are needed to ensure the well-being of most long-term survivors of cancer.

Chronic Struggle: An Institutional Ethnography of Chronic Pain and Marginalization.

There have been several recent calls to re-think chronic pain in response to the growing awareness of social inequities that impact the prevalence of chronic pain and its management. This in turn has resulted in new explorations of suffering as it relates to pain. While laudable, many of these clinically oriented accounts are abstract and often fail to offer a critical theoretical understanding of social and structural inequities. To truly rethink pain, we must also reconsider suffering, beginning in the everyday expert knowledge of people with chronic pain who can offer insights in relation to their bodies and also the organization of the social circumstances in which they live. Our team undertook a sociological approach known as institutional ethnography (IE) to explicate the work of people in managing lives beset by chronic pain and the inequities that stem from marginalization. In keeping with our critical paradigm, we describe participant accounts as situated, rather than lived, to de-emphasize the individual in favour of the social and relational. Through our analysis, we offer a new concept of chronic struggle to capture how pain, illness, economic deprivation, and suffering constitute a knot of experience that people living with chronic pain are obliged to simplify in order to fit existing logics of medicine. Our goal is to identify the social organization of chronic pain care which underpins experience in order to situate the social as political rather than medical or individual. PERSPECTIVE: This article explicates the health work of people living with chronic pain and marginalization, drawing on their situated experience. We offer the concept of chronic struggle as a conceptualization that allows us to bring into clear view the social organization of chronic pain in which the social is visible as political and structural rather than medical or individual.

Religiosity and religious and spiritual struggle and their association to depression and anxiety among adolescents admitted to inpatient psychiatric units.

This study examines the relationship between religious and spiritual (R/S) struggle and religiosity with depression and anxiety in adolescents admitted to inpatient psychiatric units of a pediatric hospital in the Midwest of the United States. We administered four self-reported scales to 71 adolescents (ages 13-17) to assess religiosity, R/S struggle, depression, and anxiety. The prevalence of R/S struggle among this population was high (88.73%). Significant associations were found between R/S struggle and depression and anxiety, linking greater R/S struggles with more severe depression or anxiety. However, no significant associations between religiosity and depression and anxiety were noted. By examining the prevalence of R/S struggle among this population and its relationship to depression and anxiety, this study contributes to the expanding research on the impact of religion and spirituality on the psychological well-being of adolescents.

Exploring the linkage between family financial struggle and children's bullying victimization: Implications for nursing and psychotherapeutic practices.

PURPOSE: A few studies have found that children whose families are economically disadvantaged and financially struggling are at an elevated risk of victimization by their peers. However, extant research is largely descriptive. To address this gap, this study empirically tested the proposed pathways from family financial struggle to children's bullying victimization, including the role of barriers to healthcare access in this association using a nationally representative sample. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study utilizes the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a survey of a cross-sectional, weighted probability sample of US children (ages 0-17 years) living in 50 states and the District of Columbia, and their caregivers. The sample used for the current study included 14,374 racially and ethnically diverse caregivers of children, aged 6-11 years. RESULTS: Positive significant associations between family financial struggle and children's bullying victimization, and between financial struggle and barriers to healthcare access were found. Barriers to healthcare access mediated the association between family financial struggle and bullying victimization. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Given the documented effects of bullying victimization on children, findings point to the importance of developing psychotherapeutic practices that are appropriate for children who are flagged as "high-risk."

Learning to Struggle: Supporting Middle-grade Teachers' Understanding of Productive Struggle in STEM Teaching and Learning.

This qualitative study examines the influence of a 3-year professional development project for middle school mathematics, science, and special education teachers focused on integrating science, mathematics, and engineering in classroom instruction on participants' understandings of productive struggle in learning. Multi-disciplinary teams of teachers engaged as learners to use engineering design as a framework for integrating significant mathematics and science content supported by effective teaching practices. In this paper, we describe how the components of our professional development design supported teacher-participants to make sense of productive struggle in learning. In particular, participants noted that being able to experience design-based activities as learners and working through solutions with their colleagues supported their understanding of what it means to productively struggle, resulting in their growth as individuals and as teachers. The significance in this work lies in understanding how to effectively support teachers to buy-in to the meaning and value of productive struggle and how engaging in integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), design-based professional learning experiences facilitated that effort.

Cette étude qualitative se penche sur l'influence qu'a eue un projet de formation professionnelle d'une durée de trois ans, destiné aux enseignants de mathématiques, de sciences et d'éducation spécialisée de l'école intermédiaire et axé sur l'intégration des sciences, des mathématiques et de l'ingénierie dans l'enseignement en classe, sur la compréhension qu'ont les participants de la « difficulté productive¼ dans l'apprentissage. Des équipes multidisciplinaires d'enseignants, appuyées par des pratiques d'enseignement efficaces se sont engagées, en tant qu'apprenants, à utiliser la conception technique comme cadre d'intégration de contenus mathématiques et scientifiques importants. Dans cet article, nous décrivons comment les éléments formant notre concept de formation professionnelle ont aidé les enseignants participants à donner un sens à la « difficulté productive¼ dans le processus d'apprentissage. En particulier, les participants ont remarqué que le fait de pouvoir expérimenter des activités fondées sur la conception en tant qu'apprenants et de travailler à trouver des solutions avec leurs collègues les a aidés à comprendre ce que signifie la « difficulté productive¼, ce qui a contribué à leur croissance en tant qu'individus et en tant qu'enseignants. Ce qui ressort de ce travail, c'est l'importance de comprendre comment aider efficacement les enseignants à adhérer au sens donné à la « difficulté productive¼ ainsi qu'à son bien-fondé, et comment l'engagement dans des expériences d'apprentissage professionnel intégrées et fondées sur la conception en sciences, en technologie, en ingénierie et en mathématiques (STIM) a facilité cet effort.

Building Spiritual Strength: a Spiritually Integrated Approach to Treating Moral Injury.

Purpose of Review: This article reviews a spiritually integrated group therapy, Building Spiritual Strength (BSS), designed to treat moral injury and associated syndromes (e.g., PTSD, burnout) with Gestalt and cognitive techniques and psychoeducation about spiritual coping. BSS was designed for active duty and military veterans but has since been adapted and expanded for other groups experiencing moral injury. Recent Findings: Two RCTs have demonstrated BSS led to a decrease in PTSD symptoms in military members. Though BSS did not outperform a person-centered group therapy control in one RCT, the BSS group reported a decrease in spiritual struggle compared to the control. While no studies have yet been published on the expansion of BSS to new populations, emergent qualitative evidence on BSS for volunteers working with refugees indicates effectiveness in increasing positive spiritual coping. This expansion also revealed an opportunity for BSS to increase cultural humility in group members, in addition to reducing moral injury and other symptoms of distress. Summary: BSS is an effective, spiritually integrated means of reducing distress and improving spiritual coping. There are numerous opportunities for expansion of BSS to new populations and to test a variety of outcomes, including moral injury, spiritual flourishing, and cultural humility.

Reading struggle stories of role models can improve the perseverance of undergraduates with low perseverance.

Perseverance refers to the ability that individuals show in the process of overcoming failure repeatedly and achieving success. The present study aimed to investigate how many stories about struggling role models undergraduates with a low level of perseverance need to read to effectively improve their perseverance after experiencing failure. Undergraduates with high and low levels of perseverance who had experienced failure were randomly assigned to read 5 struggle stories or 5 achievement stories of role models. They were asked to report their confidence in success, their emotional experience, and their persistent intentions after experiencing failure (i.e., their initial report after reading 0 stories) and then again after reading each story. The results showed that the participants' initially reported level of confidence in success improved after reading 1 struggle story of a role model and further improved after reading 5 struggle stories of role models. Furthermore, the participants' initially reported level of positive emotions increased after reading 1 struggle story or 1 achievement story of a role model, and the positive effects began to level off after reading 4 struggle stories or 4 achievement stories of role models. The participants' initially reported persistent intentions improved after reading 5 struggle stories of role models. These findings reveal that undergraduates can benefit from reading struggle stories of role models regardless of their perseverance levels. Undergraduates' confidence in success and their emotional experience can be improved more quickly than their persistent intentions after experiencing failure.