Delineating the Hurtful, Engaging, Emotive, and Directive (HEED) Dimensions of Pain. Characterization for Clinical Relevance.

Pain is an objective, natural reality among sentient creatures that possess cognition and mobility sufficient for apprehending and acting upon its full significance. Defining pain mostly in mental terms makes sense for self-conscious psychology and vocabulary. Pain as a natural capacity among animals did not evolve merely to be aligned with human semantics and intuitions. Much about pain operates beneath the level of accessible and explicit consciousness, and pain as a sensory feeling probably arose before mammalian cognition. Pain should not be viewed as just a simple sensation of utter subjectivity. It displays qualitative variance, degrees of intensity, fluctuating durations, and deflects and/or captures attention. These features of pain situate it prominently within awareness amidst the myriad physical feelings and emotions that influence behavior. The significance of pain cannot omit felt painfulness, and pain wouldn't be painful without its urgent significance for redirecting bodily activity. Most pain shares characteristics of being hurtful, engaging, emotive, and directive (i.e.,- HEED). So delineated, pain evolved to be HEED-ed. Our proposed operational delimitation at first glance appears to be physiological, but its reliance upon the bio-psychosocial actuality of the painient organism renders it inter-theoretically reducible and expandable. This delineation of pain necessitates its being HEED-ed by the organism in which it occurs; and hence ethically heeded by those who profess to study and treat it.

The Classification of Altruism Forms South Korean Coaches' Perspective.

Altruism is an important element that enables coaches to achieve their clients' coaching goals. Using Q methodology, which enables the examination of individuals' subjectivity, this study investigated South Korean coaches' perceptions of altruism. Through a literature review, interviews, and surveys, 204 statements were collected from the Q population, and 40 statements were selected to form Q Samples. P samples were organized with 31 coaches registered with the Korea Coach Association, and principal component factor analysis using the Quanl program was applied to assess the data. Based on the results of this study, South Korean coaches' perceptions of altruism were sorted into four types: type 1, 'a perception type that considers altruism to lead to respect for the client's presence'; type 2, 'a perception type that considers altruism to be meaningful when practiced'; type 3, 'a perception type that considers altruism is a mindset that leads to the development of happiness'; and type 4, 'a perception type that considers altruism to be a basic attitude that coaches should have'. The results of this study will further clarify coaches' perceptions of altruism, enabling them to receive the necessary training, develop their character, and achieve inner maturity. This, in turn, will help them improve their attitudes towards clients and further enhance their ethics and professionalism.

Parental Sexual Socialization, Sexual Subjectivity, and Emotional Responses to Sexual Experiences among Adolescent Girls.

This study explored girls' sexual subjectivity as a pathway through which parental socialization influenced their emotions about past sexual experiences. A national online survey of 397 adolescent girls (Mage = 16.8 years) from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds (33.0% Black, 25.7% Latina, 28.0% non-Hispanic White) assessed (1) parental messaging emphasizing relational, sex-positive, gendered sex role, abstinence-only, and sex-is-taboo discourses; (2) girls' sexual subjectivity including sexual body esteem, entitlement to sexual pleasure, and perceived sexual control; and (3) positive and negative emotional reactions to sexual experiences. Sexual subjectivity fully mediated the positive effect of relational messaging on positive emotional reactions and the negative effect on negative emotional reactions. Additionally, sexual subjectivity partially mediated the positive effect of gendered sex role messaging on negative emotional reactions. This study draws critical attention to placing the psychological aspects of girls' sense of their own sexuality and the emotional components of their sexual experience at the forefront of understanding the influence of parental sexual socialization on the sexual experiences of adolescent girls.

Plastic Resilience: Rethinking Resilience in Illness with Catherine Malabou.

Drawing on Catherine Malabou's notion of plasticity, this article argues for a conception of resilience as plastic. Resilience has proven an important concept in health care, describing how we manage life-changing illnesses. Yet, resilience is not without its critics, who suggest it neglects a political, social, or personal dimension in illness. In this article, I propose that a concept of plastic resilience can address these criticisms. On this account, success should not be based on a return to function, but rather on how actively we are involved in the formation of a new self after illness. I address some approaches that can benefit from "plastic resilience," namely, art therapy, expert companionship, and shared decision-making. In each case, I underline how we should help patients thematize and engage with their new selves, while also being constantly vigilant for how these changes might impact our current assumptions around their preferences for treatment.

Negotiating what it means to be "free": gender equality and governance in North and East Syria.

In this article, I discuss the radical gender equality reforms in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), also known as Rojava, and how they have affected women's lives since the implementation of the Women's Law in 2014. Based on 40 in-depth interviews, eight group interviews, and participant observation, this ethnographic study illustrates how the ideal of the "free" woman permeates society in North and East Syria, prescribing desired forms of behavior and appearance. Drawing on the literature on gender and nationalism in postcolonial processes of state building, my study provides an analysis of the AANES' gender discourse that considers the real-life governing effects of the reforms. Building from the Foucauldian premise that modern power engenders disciplinary practices, I examine how awareness-raising efforts and education seminars establish new forms of control in the public sphere. I contend that the reforms operate as governing tools and, as such, shape women's subjectivities. Engendering both discipline and resistance, they result in the emergence of new subjectivities that are not entirely determined by either ideology or by patriarchal structures.

Changes in ageing women's sexual subjectivity as seen from a life course perspective: security, caring, and desire.

This article explores the sexual subjectivity of women of post-reproductive age who seek partners on dating apps. The existing literature highlights the sexual subjectivity and agency of older women as contested and not sufficiently investigated. Even less research has been conducted on changes in the sexual subjectivity of women born in the USSR in the 1960s, with the liberalisation of sexual behaviour. The study is based on 45 interviews with women aged 55 years and over, who were born in the USSR and who now live in Israel, Finland and Russia. In the article, we examine sexual subjectivity as presented in the interviews from a life course perspective. We explain theoretically and empirically how changes in sexual subjectivity are expressed in the light of age and socio-cultural context constraints. Three life stories highlight the accumulation of experience and turning points, such as divorce and migration. They illustrate very different pathways in changing sexual subjectivity, yet all contain three Leitmotifs: desire, security and caring. The expression of post-reproductive female desire can be related to the need to feel secure and enjoy mutual care in sexual relationships. We show that these Leitmotifs shape and are shaped by women's identifications as both sexual objects and subjects, and explore how they relate to different sexual cultures and variations in the socio-sexual positioning of women in Israel, Finland, and Russia.

Between fear of death and just a warning sign: Seizure severity scales neglect the subjective quality of periictal perceptions.

The burden of epilepsy is not only related to seizure frequency; the severity of epileptic seizures considerably affects patient's lives. A number of seizure severity scales have thus been developed for a systematic assessment. Items considered relevant in these scales mainly pertain to objective features, such as seizure duration, loss of consciousness, and seizure-related injuries. In contrast, subjective experiences of seizures are considered only in their functionality as "warnings", whereas the quality of subjective perceptions and feelings are disregarded phenomena. This leads to a gap between the often-distressing subjective experiences which people with epilepsy remember from their seizures and the perception of physicians which may negatively impact physician-patient communication and interaction and question their valid use as treatment outcomes. We advocate here to develop new seizure severity assessments in collaboration with patient organizations which integrate also the subjective quality of seizures.

Psychotherapy focusing on dialogical and narrative perspectives: a systematic review from qualitative and mixed-methods studies.

Introduction: This systematic review identified qualitative and mixed-methods empirical studies on psychotherapy from dialogical and narrative approaches, aiming to address the following questions: (1) How are subjectivity and intersubjectivity qualitatively understood in dialogical and/or narrative psychotherapies studied using dialogical and narrative approaches? (2) How do therapeutic changes occur, including their facilitators and barriers? (3) What psychotherapeutic resources are available for psychotherapists in these types of studies? Method: The articles were selected according to the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the eligibility criteria proposed by the PICOS strategy (participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study design) from 163 records identified in the Web of Science Core Collection databases. Results: The systematic review process allowed the selection of 16 articles. The results provided insights into the understanding of subjectivity, intersubjectivity, change in psychotherapy, its facilitators, and barriers from these perspectives. It also offered some therapeutic interventions that can be implemented in psychotherapies, integrating dialogical and/or narrative aspects. Discussion: The centrality of dialogical exploration of patient/client resources, therapists as interlocutors fostering client agency, polyphony serving as scaffolding for change, and interconnection with the sociocultural environment are discussed. The integration of this latter topic has been a challenge for these types of studies, considering the active construction of shared meanings. The dialogical and narrative approaches focus psychotherapy on transforming meanings through dialogue and re-authoring stories, evolving within cultural and historical contexts. Thus, this study highlights the relevance of these perspectives in contemporary psychotherapy, emphasizing dialogue in co-creation within an intersubjective framework.

Heeding Pain's Prescription.

Newer definitions of pain remain suggestive of categorization by mainly neurological or psychological bases. All pain recruits cortical interpretation for any sort of directive effects in awareness, attention, and action. That unity of purpose in pain's multi-pathway manifestations can inspire neurophilosophical reflections on the existentiality, subjectivity, and sociality of pain. Pain is neither so subjective as to be relieved of meaning, nor so objective that multi-modal approaches can take turns at targeting its relief. The problem of objectifying the subjective is essential for addressing issues of assessing and treating pain. Integrative plans for pain care make sense if and when all aspects of pain's character are deemed to be integral, and are actually integrated in both theory in practice. A standpoint on the "entity-identity" of pain afflicting the whole person implies that pain is expressed behaviorally and as articulately as circumstances permit. Pain speaks, even for those not able to speak, as their patterns of brain activity may be representative of pain. Heeding pain's prescriptive voice requires collective interpretations before attempting coordinated treatments. Pain's prescription will remain unfilled until its full reality is recognized at a personal level, where comprehensive care is mobilized for the whole patient. Heeding pain looks to the central figure that is never absent from any painful situation, namely the individual person-in-pain. That holistic and humanistic value to mobilizing resources against pain should be reflected in the practice of pain medicine, and the craft of the pain physician.

Cybernetic Principles in Psychophysiology: Their Significance and Conclusions for Palliative Care.

Palliative care is dedicated to terminally ill patients with advanced disease, regardless of diagnosis, under the overarching premise of optimizing quality of life. This narrative review examines the extent to which principles of cybernetics and psychophysiology underlie this approach. Psychophysiology researches the physiological equivalents of psychological states and traits such as activation and individual reactivity, the interoception and the personal characteristics. Cybernetics specifies these principles, which are possible by understanding terms such as "psychophysiology" or "cybernetics" or "self-organization/autopoiesis". The meaning of these terms for palliative care can also be elucidated in relation to the terms "biofeedback", "consciousness", "pain", and "anxiety". The common themes of cybernetics and psychophysiology are environment, subjectivity, personality characteristics, the difference between time scale separation in cybernetic systems, and real-time procedures in environment and rhythm. These lead to special therapies based on psychophysiology, such as consciousness training. The concepts of quality of life, causality, the biopsychosocial model, therapy, and autonomy are examined as palliative care concepts. The equivalents can be described from the perspective of cybernetics. For some palliative care-related terms, cybernetic thinking is already present (quality of life, autonomy, symptom control), while for others, it is not (biopsychosocial). Cybernetic terms (complexity, stability, identity, rhythm) are still used to a lesser extent in palliative care. Terms like genetic basis are common in cybernetics and psychophysiology to explain the identity of the subject in transition. Identity, on the other hand, is the basis of the concept of dignity in palliative care. Psychophysiology investigates disturbances like pain and psychological illnesses, which are also present in palliative care. Psychophysiology, cybernetics, and palliative care have subjectivity and resources in common. Therapies based on cybernetic principles of psychophysiology can also be used for symptom control in palliative care in the oncology setting.

Sensing, feeling and consciousness.

Living organisms achieve homeostasis by using distinct mechanisms tailored to their physiological complexity. Unicellular organisms as well as plants, which are devoid of nervous systems, rely on covert sensing/detecting and equally covert responding mechanisms. Organisms with nervous systems rely on overt consciousness which is based on homeostatic feelings and the experiences and consequent subjectivity they generate. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience'.

Positionality statements in science.

The goal of this essay is to clarify positionality as an epistemological scientific concept and address related misunderstandings to help researchers assess whether statements thereof contribute to their work. Positionality statements can be useful for various research designs across scientific fields, when they are used knowingly.

Fuzzy-defined entities: A key concept to strengthen forensic science foundations?

According to the Sydney Declaration, "Forensic science is [… an] endeavour to study traces […] through their detection, recognition, recovery, examination and interpretation to understand anomalous events of public interest (e.g., crimes, security incidents)." This science is focused on establishing the nature and relationships among entities related to events having a potential legal impact. Entities can be (groups of) persons, objects, activities and their corresponding sources, events and traces. Although uniqueness of an entity has been traditionally accepted as a principle of forensic science, this paper argues and illustrates that such uniqueness is illusory: Not only can an entity evolve spatially and temporally, but at any specific instant, it differs from itself according to the level of precision at which it is considered. Its characteristics vary based on when, how and by whom it is perceived. We introduce the concept of fuzzy entities - defined to formally include some essential uncertainty or imprecision. The essential impreciseness and subjectivity of an entity gives a new perspective that allows us to revisit Kirk's principle of individuality and to propose to replace it with a new principle of fuzzy unicity. We believe that this new perspective has the potential to strengthen forensic science foundations and bring closer its disciplines, which is an important step towards a harmonized forensic science.

Algorithmic classifications in credit marketing: How marketing shapes inequalities.

While critical marketing studies have discussed algorithm-driven marketing's role in governmentality, subjectivity formation and capitalist accumulation, its role in shaping class inequalities is less studied. Drawing on the performativity of marketing, 'classification situations' and critical algorithm studies, this paper uses the case of credit marketing to propose a twofold framework to analyse how algorithmic marketing shapes the cultural and economic inequalities of class. First, algorithms used for categorizing consumers and matching them with marketing messages and products provide access (1) to different symbolic resources and (2) to credit products with different financial consequences to different consumers depending on their categorization, which contribute to the creation of cultural and economic inequalities, respectively. Second, algorithms of financial advice devices overtake parts of consumer choice. Insofar as different financial preferences and rationalities are scripted into the devices for different client groups, these technologies constitute an additional process that affects social divisions.

Subjectivity through the lens of Guattari: A key concept for nursing.

Félix Guattari, a French philosopher and psychotherapist often recognized for his collaboration with Gilles Deleuze, also published important work of his own. The way he conceptualizes subjectivity and schizoanalysis (later developed into institutional analysis) can incite us to interpret our social contexts differently and to help frame an emancipatory path in nursing. At La Borde, a psychiatric clinic, subjectivity was seen as the real power that lies within the institutions; invisible and flowing through all levels of the hierarchal structure-like waves-each of them unique but still part of the same ocean. Even with its elusive character, this concept can be wielded through psychotherapeutic techniques of analysis which aim to reduce hierarchies, encourage collaborations, decentralize levers of power and promote initiatives that arise from the base. These concepts deserve further exploration when it comes to modern institutional issues like the ones present in Quebec's (Canada) healthcare system. Therefore, this article borrows theorizations elaborated through psychotherapy and applies them to the hospital institution which is seen as an organized, stable structure (the molar line), while paying attention to fluid, changing processes and the multiplicity of desires for transformation (the molecular line), to promote nursing movements that escape and abolish these structures, creating new possibilities and new forms of thinking (the line of flight).

Lessons from insiders: Embracing subjectivity as objectivity in victimology.

Due to the prevalence of victimization in society, it is likely that many victimologists have been victimized or will be in their lifetimes. This poses a challenge for the field of victimology as traditional, positivist conceptions of 'good science' require researchers to be outsiders relative to populations they study. This paper asks: What are the epistemological and practical implications of victimological research conducted by researchers who have firsthand experiences of victimization? What lessons can be retained by other victimologists and researchers in general? How can these epistemological considerations be applied in practice? To answer these questions, I examine the meanings of insider and outsider status and the implications for objectivity and subjectivity as per positivist and standpoint epistemologies. I present the case of victimologists who have been victimized as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this form of insider research. I deconstruct insider-outsider, subjectivity-objectivity dualisms as they pertain to victimologists, concluding that all victimologists can be subjective whether they are technically insiders or not. In closing, I discuss how all victimologists can embrace their own and their participants' subjectivity as a resource for objectivity by examining location, emotions and bodies, and ethics throughout the research process.

Are we heroes or couriers? A phenomenological study on reappropriation of professional subjectivity and agency among health professionals during COVID-19 contact tracing in Türkiye.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Türkiye implemented a distinctive contact tracing approach involving in-person home visits by medical professionals to individuals who tested positive for the virus. This study examines the experiences of health professionals involved in contact tracing, exploring how they reappropriated their professional subjectivity and agency during their deployment in this role. It is an interpretive phenomenological qualitative study. We conducted 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews, subsequently carried out two separate focus group interviews with an additional 31 participants from various districts in Istanbul. Participants were selected from different medical professions (i.e. doctors, nurses, midwives), career stages, gender and age groups, and hierarchical levels (i.e. officers and directors). Data analysis was conducted collaboratively by the research team from sociology and public health disciplines. Our main finding is that for the majority of health professionals, contact tracing was a novel experience with challenges and ambivalances. Yet, regardless of their perceptions (positive, negative, or mixed), the experience promoted a reaffirmation of professional identity and reappropriation of professional subjectivity and agency, which discloses that professional subjectivity is not firm but dynamic, carrying stability as well as flexibility and adjustment. Four main themes are identified in their reappropriation of professional subjectivity and agency: uncovering professional fulfillment, feeling restrained in professional dissatisfaction, assessing the job, and engaging in professional and bureaucratic negotiations.The profound exploration into the dynamics of contact tracing amidst the pandemic illuminates a multidimensional narrative that transcends the conventional discourse on physical and psychological stress experienced by medical professionals. Contact tracing experience had a transformative impact on meaning and purpose of professional identity. Our findings highlight a need for a balanced approach between centralized decision-making, mobilization of professionals, quantitative evaluation, and professional autonomy and discretion, qualitative assessments, and meaningful engagement.

On the Role of Loopholes in Polite Communication: Linking Subjectivity and Pragmatic Inference.

Existing proposals on the attenuating uses of indirect, negated expressions (e.g., not happy to mean sad) agree that speakers exploit indirectness for pragmatic purposes but differ on the underlying sources they attribute to these uses. Here, we synthesize existing proposals via adjective subjectivity, which operationalizes the notion of loopholes for plausible deniability. We present experimental evidence that the degree of subjectivity of an adjective predicts the degree to which participants strengthen the negated adjective's meaning, but only if the adjective under consideration has an evaluatively-positive meaning. This finding indicates that speakers may intentionally use negation to leave themselves the option to retract the implicated face-threatening meaning if openly challenged.

Interspecies encounters with endemic health conditions: co-producing BVD and lameness with cows and sheep in the north of England.

This paper focuses on the relationships between people and farmed nonhuman animals, and between these animals and the farmed environments they encounter, in the enactment of interspecies endemic disease situations. It examines how the nonhuman embodied capacities, agency and subjectivities of cows and sheep on farms in the north of England make a difference to how the endemic conditions of lameness and bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) are encountered and responded to by farmers and advisers. The paper draws on empirical research with farmers and their advisers, and explores three key, inter-related, themes: first, the importance of intersubjective relationships between people and animals on farms; second, the nonhuman components of the 'disease situations' associated with endemic diseases, including animals' embodied characteristics and behaviours and the relationships between bodies and environments on different farms; and finally the ways in which animal agency and resistance makes a difference to on-farm interventions aiming to prevent or treat lameness and BVD. The paper concludes by arguing that animals' capacities, and nonhuman difference, should be taken further into account in future policy and practice interventions in endemic disease in farmed animals.

Impactos psicossociais nas sexualidades de pessoas em contextos de institucionalização / Psychosocial impacts on the sexualities of people in contexts of institutionalization / Impactos psicosociales en las sexualidades de las personas en contextos de institucionalización

INTRODUÇÃO: As sexualidades das pessoas institucionalizadas atravessam diversos modos de opressão, pois prevalece ainda uma construção social arcaica da sexualidade como algo constrangedor ou até mesmo pervertido, baseado em uma redução do seu real significado, e ainda acompanhada de moralismos, preconceitos e estigmas. OBJETIVO: Analisar os diversos modos de sexualidades dentro de um contexto de institucionalização, a Casa de Acolhimento O Resgate, localizada na cidade de Icó-CE. MÉTODO: O estudo é fruto de um delineamento qualitativo de uma pesquisa-intervenção. O campo de pesquisa foi um equipamento de política pública voltado para o acolhimento e residência de pessoas em situação de rua na cidade de Icó-CE, cujas pessoas são na grande maioria atendidas pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial do município. A construção de dados foi fruto do desenvolvimento do Projeto de Extensão Aquarela que criou dispositivos grupais com aproximadamente 12 moradores e a participação dos profissionais atuantes no equipamento durante o primeiro semestre de 2022. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES: Percebeu-se a reprodução de preconceitos e tabus relacionados às sexualidades, juízos de valores e percepções que dificultam uma noção fluída e crítica no cotidiano. Além disso, há também a restrição do próprio equipamento, já que se sabe o quanto esse assunto é ainda tratado por um cunho proibicionista e moralista. CONCLUSÃO: Falar sobre sexualidades é um movimento de resistência sobre regimes de opressão sobre a subjetividade humana. Ao mesmo modo que possibilita criar condições de acesso e reflexão a outros direitos (família, relações afetivas, sociabilidade, etc), dos quais são renegados para pessoas que passam por equipamentos de institucionalização.

INTRODUCTION: The sexualities of institutionalized people go through various modes of oppression, since an archaic social construction of sexuality as something embarrassing or even perverted still prevails, based on a reduction of its real meaning, and is still accompanied by moralisms, prejudices and stigmas. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the various modes of sexualities within institutionalization, the Casa de Acolhimento O Resgate in the city of Icó-CE. METHOD: The study is the result of a qualitative design of a research-intervention. The research field was a public policy equipment focused on the reception and residence of homeless people in the city of Icó-CE, whose people are mostly assisted by the Psychosocial Care Center of the municipality. The construction of data resulted from the development of the Aquarela Extension Project that created group devices with approximately 12 residents and the participation of professionals working on the equipment during the first semester of 2022. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: We noticed the reproduction of prejudices and taboos related to sexualities, value judgments and perceptions that make it difficult to have a fluid and critical notion in everyday life. In addition, there is also the restriction of the equipment itself, since it is known how much this subject is still treated in a prohibitionist and moralistic way. CONCLUSION: Talking about sexualities is a movement of resistance against regimes of oppression of human subjectivity. At the same time, it makes it possible to create conditions for access and reflection on other rights (family, affective relationships, sociability, etc.), which are denied to people who are institutionalized.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las sexualidades de las personas institucionalizadas pasan por diversos modos de opresión, ya que aún prevalece una construcción social arcaica de la sexualidad como algo vergonzoso o incluso pervertido, basada en una reducción de su significado real, y aún acompañada de moralismos, prejuicios y estigmas. OBJETIVO: Analizar los diversos modos de sexualidad en un contexto de institucionalización, la Casa de Acolhimento O Resgate localizada en la ciudad de Icó-CE. MÉTODO: El estudio es el resultado de un diseño cualitativo de una investigación-intervención. El campo de investigación fue un equipamiento de política pública centrado en la acogida y residencia de personas sin hogar en la ciudad de Icó-CE, cuyas personas son atendidas por el Centro de Atención Psicosocial del municipio. La construcción de datos fue el resultado del desarrollo del Proyecto de Extensión Aquarela que creó dispositivos grupales con aproximadamente 12 residentes y la participación de profesionales que trabajan en el equipamiento durante el primer semestre de 2022. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES: Notamos la reproducción de prejuicios y tabúes relacionados a las sexualidades, juicios de valor y percepciones que dificultan una noción fluida y crítica en la vida cotidiana. Además, existe también la restricción del propio equipo, ya que es sabido cuánto este tema aún es tratado de forma prohibicionista y moralista. CONCLUSIÓN: Hablar de sexualidades es un movimiento de resistencia contra los regímenes de opresión de la subjetividad humana. Al mismo tiempo, permite crear condiciones de acceso y reflexión sobre otros derechos (familia, relaciones afectivas, sociabilidad, etc.), que son negados a las personas institucionalizadas.