Environmentally friendly swift and perfect extraction procedures for analysing the phytochemistry and proximate nutritional biochemistry of biomaterial processed from Avicennia marina leaves.

Conventional extraction methods have mislaid their best possible performance because of the slow extraction process using demand in inexperienced and innovative technologies. Concerning this view, several eco-friendly novel techniques alienate to develop by us for the entire extraction of nutrients and phytocompounds from plant sources. The specific organic, inorganic chemical compounds have been explored using ultra sonication and GC-MS assisted techniques. The results are evident to facilitate the ultrasonic and GC-MS supported extraction descent that is less solvent consumed, green analytical methods suitable for complete speedy bioactive compounds drawing out. This study has revealed the occurrence of nutrients, phytochemicals, with biological value, and also the GC-MS analysis exposed 20 peaks through 20 individual chemical compounds, and all the compounds are deliberated as energetic medicinal bioactive compounds. Likewise the FE-SEM is used to find out the topographical characteristics of biomaterial and the FTIR analysis.

Synthesis characterization and application of butyl acrylate mediated eco-friendly silver nanoparticles using ultrasonic radiation.

In the present investigation, with an effort to provide appropriate material for future applications, we have touched on two viable advancement targets: the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) employing an ultrasonic approach and the use of Ag-NPs in environmental remediation. A green economical method was involved to prepare Ag-NPs using butyl acrylate as a stabilizer. The following techniques were used for analysing Ag-NPs: energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for the lattice characteristics showed that Ag-NPs have a face-centered structure with an average crystallite size of 9.51-11.83 nm. FE-SEM and TEM analysis were used for morphological investigations, and revealed that Ag-NPs had a spherical shape with an average particle size of 16.27 nm. The EDX profile displayed a strong signal at ∼3.0 keV, which indicated that the samples comprised silver. UV-Visible spectrophotometer with the absorption maximum occurring between 401 and 411 nm further confirmed the formation of Ag-NPs. The dye degradation effect of synthesized Ag-NPs on methylene blue and Rhodamine B was analyzed to assess their ability for environmental remediation, and results showed that around 100% of the dye degradation effect. This study has provided a most plausible mechanism for the dye degradation.

Molecular mechanisms affecting the stability of high internal phase emulsions of zein-soy isoflavone complexes fabricated with ultrasound-assisted dynamic high-pressure microfluidization.

In this study, zein-soy isoflavone complex (ZSI) emulsifiers were fabricated using ultrasound-assisted dynamic high-pressure micro fluidization to stabilise highinternal phase pickering emulsions. Ultrasound-assisted dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization enhanced surface hydrophobicity, zeta potential, and soy isoflavone binding capacity, while it decreased particle size, especially during ultrasound and subsequent microfluidization. The treated ZSI could produce small droplet clusters and gel-like structures, with excellent viscoelasticity, thixotropy and creaming stability owing to their neutral contact angles. Ultrasound and subsequent micro fluidization treatment of the ZSI complexes were highly effective in preventing droplet flocculation and coalescence after long-term storage or centrifugation due to their higher surface load, thicker multi-layer interfacial structure, and stronger electronic repulsion between the oil droplets. This study provides insights and extends our current knowledge of how non-thermal technology affects the interfacial distribution of plant based particles and the physical stability of emulsions.

A comparison of ultrasonic, ozone, and enzyme pre-treatments on cheese whey degradation for enhancement of anaerobic digestion.

Lactose in cheese whey wastewater (CWW) makes it difficult to degrade under normal conditions. The effect of ultra-sonication (US), ozonation and enzymatic hydrolysis on increasing the bioavailability of organic matter in CWW and biogas production were evaluated. The pre-treatment conditions were: specific energy input varied from 2130 to 8773KJ/KgTS for a sonication time of 4.5-18.5 min, Ozone (O3) dosages ranging from 0.03 to 0.045gO3/gTS were applied for 4-16 min, pH (3.8-7.1), temperature (35°C-55°C), enzyme dosage (0.18-0.52%), was operated from 7.75 to 53 min for enzymatic hydrolysis by ß-galactosidase. The results of the US reported a maximum sCOD solubilisation of 77.15% after 18.5 min of operation, while the corresponding values for ozonation and enzymatic methods were 64.8% at 16 min and 54.79%, respectively. The organic matter degradation rates evaluated in terms of protein and lactose hydrolysis were 68.78%,46.03%; 47.83%,16.15% and 54.22%,86.2%respectively, for US, ozonation and enzymatic methods. The cumulative methane yield for sonicated, ozonised and enzymatically hydrolysed samples were 412.4 ml/g VS, 361.2 ml/g VS and 432.3mlCH4/gVS, respectively. Regardless of the lower COD solubilisation rates attained, enzymatic pre-treatment showed maximum methane generation compared to US and ozonation. This could be attributable to the increased activity of ß-galactosidase in hydrolysing whey lactose. The energy calculations revealed that the pre-conditioning of organic-rich CWW with enzymatic hydrolysis is more effective and efficient, yielding a net energy gain (gross output energy-input energy) of 9166.7 KJ and an energy factor (ratio of output to input energy) of 6.67. The modified Gompertz model well simulated all experimental values.

Isolation, characterization, and utilization of wheat bran protein fraction for food application.

Wheat bran (WB), a low-cost industrial by-product, is a vital source of high-quality proteins, minerals, vitamins, and several bioactive compounds. The present study encompasses the identification of appropriate bran streams of a commercial roller flour mill (CRFM) essentially based on hector liter weight, (HLW), optimization of WB protein isolation process, amino acid characterization, rendering more emphasis on simple water-soluble albumins, having higher commercial viability, and its application in food formulation. Total WB protein was 16.18% protein, the sum of the extracted proteins viz. albumin (2.43%), a prolamin (2.47%), glutelin (5.25%), globulin (1.92%), and insoluble proteins (4.09%) was 12.08%. Following albumin extraction, residual WB was subjected to ultra-sonication which further increased albumin protein yield from 2.43 to 3.07%. The extracted WB albumin isolate (WBAI) was utilized to develop high protein bread having significantly high volume and protein content, compared to control bread. The structural and sensorial attributes of the developed bread were superior compared to control bread. Thus, WBAI has a tremendous scope as a natural, affordable potential inexpensive food improver/fortificant to address protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The process has the great advantage of being eco-friendly, besides, residual bran can still be used as cattle feed, enhancing profitability and viability.

Optimization of an Ultra-Sonication Extraction Method for Major Compounds Found in Mondia whitei Using Design of Experiment.

Optimum extraction conditions are vital in quality control methods to enable accurate quantification of the compounds of interest. An ultra-sonication method was developed for the extraction of seven major compounds found in Mondia whitei. Extraction temperature, time, power, frequency, percentage of ethanol in water and solvent to sample ratio were screened to access their significance on the percentage recovery of the compounds of interest. These parameters were screened using Descriptive screening design. Extraction temperature, solvent to sample ratio and the interaction between temperature and percentage ethanol in water were found to have a significant effect on the response. These parameters were then optimized using central composite design. The optimum conditions were found to be 66.1% ethanol in water, 70 °C temperature and 3 mL: 5 mg solvent to sample ratio. This method was successfully applied in the development of a quality control method for the seven compounds in Mondia whitei samples.

2D SnSe2 nanoflakes decorated with 1D ZnO nanowires for ppb-level NO2 detection at room temperature.

The detection of air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is of great importance arising from its great harm to the ecological environment and human health. However, the detection range of most NO2 sensors is ppm-level, and it is still challenging to achieve lower concentration (ppb-level) NO2 detection. Herein, 2D tin diselenide nanoflakes decorated with 1D zinc oxide nanowires (SnSe2/ZnO) heterojunctions were first reported by facile hydrothermal and ultra-sonication methods. The response of the fabricated SnSe2/ZnO sensor enhances 3.41 times on average compared with that of pure SnSe2 sensor to 50-150 ppb NO2 with a high detection sensitivity (22.57 ppm-1) at room temperature. In addition, the SnSe2/ZnO sensor has complete recovery, negligible cross-sensitivity, and small relative standard deviation (6.98%) during the 1 month sensing test, which can meet the requirements for NO2 detection in environmental monitoring. The enhanced NO2 sensing performance can be attributed to the n-n heterojunction constructed between SnSe2 and ZnO. The as-prepared sensor based on SnSe2/ZnO hybrid significantly promotes the development of the low detection limit of the NO2 sensor at room temperature.

Facile ultrasonic preparation of a polypyrrole membrane as an absorbent for efficient oil-water separation and as an antimicrobial agent.

Polypyrrole (PPY) spherical particles synthesized using carbon dots as an efficient catalyst were strongly embedded on fluorinated nonwoven fabric by ultrasonication to form a membrane with high hydrophilicity. An optimal amount of PPY adhered to the membrane after 30 min of sonication enhanced the overall membrane area with high hydrophilicity. Oil with high hydrophobicity was repelled by the resulting membrane, whereas water was freely penetrated and diffused from the membrane. The membrane exhibited good reusability and efficiency for the recovery of oil from a cooking oil-water mixture within 30 s. The incorporation of PPY in the fluorinated fabric imparts significant antibacterial properties against two common pathogens, Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The anti-biofouling membrane could pave the way for its potential application to separate spilled oil from contaminated waters, comprising different microorganisms and living species. The novelty of this manuscript is described in a new system, the fabrication of PPY membranes with two important properties: biocidal and oil/water separation.

Aqueous green tea infusion extracted by ultra-sonication method, but not by conventional method, facilitates GLUT4 membrane translocation in adipocytes which potently ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Green tea contains bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, responsible for its health-promoting effects, including antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. We previously reported that ultra-sonication extraction (UE) could efficiently increase the extraction yield of green tea compounds. In the present study, we found that the extract obtained using UE contained higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than that obtained using the conventional method. We therefore considered the extract as a bioactive metabolite-rich functional green tea extract (BMF-GTE), and tested its glucose-lowering effect by generating an adipocyte cell line stably expressing 7myc-GLUT4-GFP. We found that BMF-GTE treatment increased GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. Moreover, BMF-GTE administration attenuated weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Importantly, HFD-induced glucose tolerance was ameliorated in the mice receiving BMF-GTE. Therefore, we conclude that BMF-GTE worked against obesity and diabetes, at least partially, by enhancing GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As green tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide, its health effects have been widely tested. In our previous studies, we found that ultra-sonication extraction (UE) has the potential to increase the aqueous extraction yield of green tea compounds compared to conventional extraction techniques. In this study, we examined the biological effect of bioactive metabolite-rich functional green tea extract (BMF-GTE) obtained using UE; we observed that administering BMF-GTE lowered the body weight and increased insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet, potentially by facilitating the membrane translocation of GLUT4 in adipocytes. Therefore, this study suggests that the extract obtained with UE had antiobesity and antidiabetic properties, indicative of a potential application of UE in maximizing the beneficial effects of green tea on human health.

Cordyceps militaris Fungus Extracts-Mediated Nanoemulsion for Improvement Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

This study aimed to produce and optimize a Cordyceps militaris-based oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion (NE) encapsulated in sea buckthorn oil (SBT) using an ultrasonication process. Herein, a nonionic surfactant (Tween 80) and chitosan cosurfactant were used as emulsifying agents. The Cordyceps nanoemulsion (COR-NE) was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field-emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM). The DLS analyses revealed that the NE droplets were 87.0 ± 2.1 nm in diameter, with a PDI value of 0.089 ± 0.023, and zeta potential of -26.20 ± 2. The small size, low PDI, and stable zeta potential highlighted the excellent stability of the NE. The NE was tested for stability under different temperature (4 °C, 25 °C, and 60 °C) and storage conditions for 3 months where 4 °C did not affect the stability. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed. The results suggested that the NE was not toxic to RAW 264.7 or HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cell lines at up to 100 µL/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity in liposaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells was evident at 50 µg/mL and showed inhibition of NO production and downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Further, the NE exhibited good antioxidant (2.96 ± 0.10 mg/mL) activity and inhibited E. coli and S. aureus bacterial growth. Overall, the COR-NE had greater efficacy than the free extract and added significant value for future biomedical and cosmetics applications.