Tudo começa no hospital: narrativas maternas sobre a hospitalização do bebê cronicamente adoecido / Hospital, nuestro punto de partida: narrativas maternas sobre la hospitalización del bebe crónicamente enfermo / Hospital is where we start from: mothers' narratives about chronically ill baby hospitalization / L'hôpital, notre point de départ: récits maternels sur l'hospitalisation du bébé malade chronique

Esta pesquisa investigou narrativas maternas sobre a hospitalização de seus bebês cronicamente adoecidos em uma maternidade pública do município de São Paulo, no ano de 2022, a partir da análise temática de quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas. O material coletado foi discutido em articulação com as contribuições da psicanálise, organizado em três eixos centrais. As mães entrevistadas parecem ter encontrado caminhos possíveis para o exercício da função materna e constituição do laço com seus bebês. Suas experiências foram marcadas por sentimentos ambivalentes e relatos de sofrimento psíquico que demandam cuidados em saúde mental. Buscou-se criar aproximações com a realidade estudada, lançando um olhar para experiências originais de maternagem e para aimportância da construção de dispositivos de cuidado atentos às necessidades das figuras parentais e de seus bebês em contexto de hospitalização e adoecimento

Se investigó narrativas maternas sobre la hospitalización de sus bebés crónicamente enfermos, en una maternidad pública de la ciudad de São Paulo, en el año 2022, desde el análisis temático de cuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas. El material recopilado fue discutido en articulación con los aportes del psicoanálisis, organizado en tres ejes centrales. Las madres entrevistadas parecen haber encontrado posibles formas de ejercer la función materna y construir un vínculo con su bebé. Sus vivencias estuvieron marcadas por sentimientos ambivalentes y relatos de sufrimiento psíquico que demandan atención en salud mental. Se intentó crear aproximaciones con la realidad estudiada, mirando experiencias originales de la maternidad y la importancia de construir dispositivos de cuidado atentos a las necesidades de las figuras parentales y sus bebés en el contexto de hospitalización y enfermedad

This study investigated mothers' narratives about their chronically ill babies' hospitalization at a public maternity hospital in São Paulo, during 2022, based on thematic analysis of four semi-structured interviews. The main qualitative data from interviews were analyzed concerning its psychoanalytic contribution, organized by three central themes. Interviewed mothers seemed to have found possible ways to perform the maternal function and bond with their babies. Their experiences were affected by ambivalent feelings and psychic suffering that demands mental health care. The aim was to come closer to this reality, remarking original motherhood experiences and the importance of developing caregiving practices worried about the needs of parental figures and their babies in the context of hospitalization and illness

Cette recherche étudie les récits maternels sur l'hospitalisation de leurs bébés souffrant de maladie chronique, dans une maternité publique de la ville de São Paulo, en 2022, à partir de l'analyse thématique de quatre entretiens semi-structurés. Le matériel collecté a été discuté en articulation avec les apports de la psychanalyse, organisés en trois axes centraux. Les mères interrogées semblent avoir trouvé des moyens possibles d'exercer la fonction maternelle et de créer un lien avec leur bébé. Leurs expériences ont été marquées par des sentiments ambivalents et des rapports de souffrance psychique qui exigent des soins de santé mentale. Nous avons cherché à créer des rapprochements avec la réalité étudiée, en s'intéressant aux expériences originales de la maternité et à l'importance de construire des dispositifs de soins attentifs aux besoins des figures parentales et de leurs bébés dans le cadre de l'hospitalisation et de la maladie

Preterm infant mental health in the neonatal intensive care unit: A review of research on NICU parent-infant interactions and maternal sensitivity.

Caregiving relationships in the postnatal period are critical to an infant's development. Preterm infants and their parents face unique challenges in this regard, with infants experiencing separation from parents, uncomfortable procedures, and increased biologic vulnerability, and parents facing difficulties assuming caregiver roles and increased risk for psychological distress. To better understand the NICU parent-infant relationship, we conducted a review of the literature and identified 52 studies comparing observed maternal, infant, and dyadic interaction behavior in preterm dyads with full-term dyads. Eighteen of 40 studies on maternal behavior found less favorable behavior, including decreased sensitivity and more intrusiveness in mothers of preterm infants, seven studies found the opposite, four studies found mixed results, and 11 studies found no differences. Seventeen of 25 studies on infant behavior found less responsiveness in preterm infants, two studies found the opposite, and the remainder found no difference. Eighteen out of 14 studies on dyad-specific behavior reported less synchrony in preterm dyads and the remainder found no differences. We identify confounding factors that may explain variations in results, present an approach to interpret existing data by framing differences in maternal behavior as potentially adaptive in the context of prematurity, and suggest future areas for exploration.

Las relaciones de prestación de cuidados en el período postnatal son críticas para el desarrollo del infante. Los infantes nacidos prematuramente y sus progenitores enfrentan retos únicos a este respecto, con los infantes que experimentan la separación de sus progenitores, procedimientos incómodos, así como un aumento en la vulnerabilidad biológica; y los progenitores enfrentando dificultades al asumir el papel de cuidadores y el aumento de riesgo de angustia sicológica. Para comprender mejor la relación progenitor-infante en la Unidad Neonatal de Cuidados Intensivos (NICU), llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura e identificamos 52 estudios que comparan la observada conducta de interacción materna, del infante y de la díada en díadas de infantes prematuros con díadas de infantes de gestación completa. Dieciocho de 40 estudios sobre la conducta materna encontraron una menos favorable conducta, incluyendo una baja en la sensibilidad y más intrusión en el caso de madres de infantes prematuros; 7 estudios encontraron que se daba la situación opuesta; 4 estudios presentaron resultados mixtos; y 11 estudios no encontraron diferencias. Diecisiete de 25 estudios sobre el comportamiento del infante encontraron una menor capacidad de respuesta en infantes prematuros; dos estudios encontraron que se daba la situación opuesta; y el resto de los estudios no encontró ninguna diferencia. Ocho de 14 estudios sobre el comportamiento específico de la díada reportaron menos sincronía en las díadas con infantes prematuros y el resto de los estudios no encontró ninguna diferencia. Identificamos factores confusos que pudieran explicar las variaciones en los resultados, presentamos un acercamiento para interpretar la información existente por medio de enmarcar las diferencias en la conducta materna como potencialmente adaptable en el contexto del nacimiento prematuro, y sugerimos futuras áreas para ser exploradas.

Les relations de soin dans la période postnatale sont critiques pour le développement du nourrisson. Les bébés nés avant terme et leurs parents font face à des défis uniques à cet égard, avec les bébés faisant l'expérience de la séparation des parents, des procédures désagréables et difficiles, et une vulnérabilité biologique accrue, et les parents faisant face aux difficultés assumant des rôles de soignants et étant à risque plus élevé de détresse psychologique. Afin de comprendre la relation parent-nourrisson USIN nous avons passé en revue toutes les recherches et identifié 52 études comparant le comportement d'interaction dyadique, maternel et du nourrisson chez des dyades prématurées avec des dyades à plein terme. 18 des 40 études sur le comportement maternel ont trouvé un comportement moins que favorable, y compris une sensibilité décrue et plus d'intrusion chez les mères de nourrissons prématurés, 7 études ont trouvé le contraire, 4 études ont trouvé des résultats mélangés, et 11 études n'ont trouvé aucune différence. 17 études sur 25 sur le comportement du nourrisson ont trouvé une réaction moindre chez les nourrissons prématurés deux études ont trouvé le contraire, et le reste n'a trouvé aucune différence. 8 études sur 14 sur le comportement spécifique à la dyade ont fait état de moins de synchronie chez les dyades avant terme et les autres études n'ont trouvé aucune différence. Nous identifions des facteurs confondants qui pourraient expliquer des variations dans les résultats et nous présentons une approche pour interpréter les données existantes en cadrant des différences dans le comportement maternel comme étant potentiellement adaptatives dans le contexte de la prématurité et nous suggérons des domaines futurs d'exploration.

Successful control of Serratia marcescens outbreak in a neonatal unit of a tertiary-care hospital in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium that is found in hospital environments and commonly associated with outbreaks in neonatal units. One S. marcescens isolate was detected from a bloodstream culture from a neonate in our hospital that was followed by an outbreak. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular epidemiology of a S. marcescens outbreak in the neonatal unit. METHODS: In order to investigate the outbreak, weekly surveillance rectal swabs were submitted for culture from all patients admitted in this unit from August to September 2018. Environmental samples were obtained from potential sources in September 2018. Typing of isolates was performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In addition, we studied the in vitro activity of chlorhexidine against S. marcescens. RESULTS: During this period, 146 infants were hospitalised in our neonatal unit, of which 16 patients had a S. marcescens-positive sample. A total of 36 environmental surveillance samples were collected, and one sample from a stethoscope from an incubator of a colonized baby was positive for S. marcescens. All the 18 isolates, including the isolate from the stethoscope, belonged to a single PFGE cluster. We found that very low concentrations of chlorhexidine, even with application times close to 0 achieved significant reductions in the amount of S. marcescens. CONCLUSION: A unique clone of S. marcescens caused this outbreak, including isolates from patients and from one stethoscope. The outbreak was controlled with the early implementation of specific control measures.

Mães de recém-nascidos prematuros no contexto da pandemia do COVID-19: uma abordagem qualitativa / Mothers of premature newborns in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative approach / Madres de recién nacidos prematuros en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19: un enfoque cualitativo

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as percepções das mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados na Unidade Neonatal diante da pandemia do COVID-19. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada entre junho e julho de 2020, envolvendo 12 mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados nas unidades neonatais de uma maternidade no estado do Ceará durante a pandemia do Coronavírus. As mães foram contactadas via aplicativo WhatsApp. Para a análise textual foi utilizada a classificação hierárquica descendente realizada pelo software IRAMUTEQ. RESULTADOS: A percepção das mães estava centrada nas dificuldades enfrentadas neste período de pandemia. A palavra "não" foi fortemente apresentada no corpus do texto, evidenciando o impacto do impedimento da visita, da permanência das mães nas unidades e o fato de não poder amamentar. CONCLUSÃO: A prestação de uma assistência humanizada nas unidades neonatais não deve se limitar ao recém-nascido, sendo fundamental o apoio emocional às mães por parte da equipe de saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To know the perceptions of mothers of premature newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Qualitative research carried out in June and July 2020, involving 12 mothers of premature newborns hospitalized in the neonatal units of a maternity hospital in the state of Ceará during the Coronavirus pandemic. Mothers were contacted via WhatsApp application. For the textual analysis, the descending hierarchical classification performed by the IRAMUTEQ software was used. RESULTS: The mothers' perception was centered on the difficulties faced in this pandemic period. The word "no" was strongly presented in the corpus of the text, evidencing the impact of the impediment of the visit, of the mothers' permanence in the units and the fact of not being able to breastfeed. CONCLUSION: The provision of humanized care in neonatal units should not be limited to the newborn, and emotional support for mothers by the health team is essential.

OBJETIVO: Conocer las percepciones de las madres de recién nacidos prematuros internados en unidades neonatales ante la pandemia del COVID-19. MÉTODO: Investigación cualitativa realizada en junio y julio de 2020 con la participación de 12 madres de recién nacidos prematuros internados en las unidades neonatales de una maternidad del estado de Ceará durante la pandemia del Coronavirus. Se contactó a las madres por medio de la aplicación WhatsApp. Para el análisis textual se utilizó la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente realizada en el programa de software IRAMUTEQ. RESULTADOS: La percepción de las madres se enfocó en las dificultadas que debieron enfrentar en este período de la pandemia. La palabra "no" se hizo presente en gran medida en el corpus del texto, evidenciando así el efecto de la imposibilidad de las visitas y de la permanencia de las madres en las unidades, además del hecho de no poder amamantar. CONCLUSIÓN: La prestación de atención humanizada en las unidades neonatales no debe limitarse al recién nacido, siendo fundamental el apoyo emocional a las madres por parte del equipo de salud.

Translation and study of the measurement properties of the Early Feeding Skills Assessment tool in premature newborn.

INTRODUCTION: With the aim of improving the care of the premature newborn during their hospital stay, and their well-being in the transition from enteral to independent feeding, it is proposed to incorporate an assessment system within a Spanish Neonatal Unit. The translation of the Early Feeding Skills Assessment (EFSA) tool is presented, along with a study of its measurement properties. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 104 assessments were made on premature babies of less than 34 + 6 weeks of gestational age, admitted to the neonatal unit with total or partial feeding, including a normal neurological examination for their age and with physiological stability. RESULTS: The EFSA 2010 tool achieved an acceptable value (0.76) as regards its internal consistency. The EFSA 2018 tool maintained an acceptable internal consistency value (0.751). As regards the reliability between two observers, the results showed a satisfactory and excellent reliability in 57.69% of the items in the EFSA 2010 tool, a property that improved in the EFSA 2018 tool (73.68%). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the EFSA tool is consistent and reliable for use as a tool for the assessment of oral abilities for feeding premature babies admitted into a Spanish Neonatal Unit.

Successful control of Serratia marcescens outbreak in a neonatal unit of a tertiary-care hospital in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacterium that is found in hospital environments and commonly associated with outbreaks in neonatal units. One S. marcescens isolate was detected from a bloodstream culture from a neonate in our hospital that was followed by an outbreak. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular epidemiology of a S. marcescens outbreak in the neonatal unit. METHODS: In order to investigate the outbreak, weekly surveillance rectal swabs were submitted for culture from all patients admitted in this unit from August to September 2018. Environmental samples were obtained from potential sources in September 2018. Typing of isolates was performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In addition, we studied the in vitro activity of chlorhexidine against S. marcescens. RESULTS: During this period, 146 infants were hospitalised in our neonatal unit, of which 16 patients had a S. marcescens-positive sample. A total of 36 environmental surveillance samples were collected, and one sample from a stethoscope from an incubator of a colonized baby was positive for S. marcescens. All the 18 isolates, including the isolate from the stethoscope, belonged to a single PFGE cluster. We found that very low concentrations of chlorhexidine, even with application times close to 0 achieved significant reductions in the amount of S. marcescens. CONCLUSION: A unique clone of S. marcescens caused this outbreak, including isolates from patients and from one stethoscope. The outbreak was controlled with the early implementation of specific control measures.

[Breastfeeding practices in neonatal wards in Spain. Neo-BFHI international survey]. / Prácticas de lactancia materna en las unidades neonatales de España. Encuesta internacional Neo-IHAN.

INTRODUCTION: In 2017, a worldwide survey was conducted on compliance with the practices promoted by Neo-BFHI (Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative expansion to neonatal wards). OBJECTIVE: Present the results of the Spanish wards that participated in the global survey and compare them with those obtained internationally. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study through a survey on compliance with the Neo-BFHI ("Three basic principles", "Ten steps adapted to neonatal wards" and "the compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes" and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions). Compliance was calculated as the mean in each indicator and a final mean score for each neonatal unit. For the partial and final scores for each country and at the international level, the median was used. All score ranged between 0 and 100. RESULTS: The response rate in Spain was 90%. The range of the national mean for neonatal wards were from 37 to 99, with no differences in the final score according to the level of care. The global score for Spain (72) is below the international median (77) and this also occurs in 8 of 14 items. The neonatal wards from BFHI designated hospitals, obtained a significantly higher mean global score, and in 9 of 14 items than the non-accredited ones. CONCLUSIONS: Both international and national results indicate an improvement in breastfeeding practices in neonatal units. The benefits of the BFHI accreditation of maternity reach neonatal wards. Spain has several key points below the international score.

Perinatal factors associated with prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit / Factores perinatales asociados a nacimientos prematuros en unidades neonatales de cuidados intensivos / Fatores perinatais associados à prematuridade em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the perinatal factors associated with prematurity in neonatal intensive care units from prenatal care. Method: a case-control study carried out in the southern region of the country with 186 puerperal women, from July to November 2018. A hierarchical approach strategy and conditional logistic regression were used in data analysis. Results: among the preterm births, 5.9% (n=11) were classified as extremely premature (<31 weeks), 12.9% (n=24) as moderate prematurity (32 to 34 weeks and 6 days) and 31.2% (n=58) as late premature (35 to 36 weeks and 6 days). The factors associated with the occurrence of prematurity were maternal age (30 years old), schooling (<8 years) and income (4 wages). Among the perinatal factors in the final adjustment model, insufficient number of consultations (OR 2.69/95% CI 1.10 - 6.55) and late onset of prenatal care (OR 4.34/95% CI 1.49 - 12.58) were associated with the occurrence of the outcome. On the other hand, absence of complications, premature membrane rupture and infections in the current pregnancy, as well as adequate clinical management and specific referral were protective factors against the occurrence of births before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion: it is necessary that health professionals are accessible to the most varied social changes, considering their role as educators and health promoters. Qualified and appropriate Nursing assistance in prenatal care for pregnant women reduces the chance of the newborns being admitted to neonatal intensive care units.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores perinatales asociados a nacimientos prematuros en unidades neonatales de cuidados intensivos a partir de la atención prenatal. Método: estudio de caso-control realizado en la Región Sur del país con 186 puérperas, entre julio y noviembre de 2018. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estrategia de enfoque jerárquico y regresión logística condicional. Resultados: entre los nacimientos prematuros, 5,9% (n=11) se clasificaron como prematuros extremos (<31 semanas), 12,9% (n=24) como prematuros moderados (32 a 34 semanas y 6 días) y 31,2% (n=58) como prematuros tardíos (35 a 36 semanas y 6 días). Los factores asociados a la incidencia de nacimientos prematuros fueron los siguientes: edad materna (30 años), escolaridad (<8 años) e ingresos (<4 salarios). Entre los factores perinatales en el modelo ajustado final, la cantidad insuficiente de consultas (OR 2,69/IC 95% 1,10 - 6,55) y el inicio tardío de la atención prenatal (OR 4,34/IC 95% 1,49 - 12,58) presentaron asociación con la incidencia del resultado. Por otro lado, la ausencia de complicaciones, ruptura prematura de la membrana e infecciones en el embarazo actual, al igual que una conducta clínica adecuada y derivación específica fueron factores de protección contra la incidencia de nacimientos antes de las 37 semanas de embarazo. Conclusión: es necesario que los profesionales de la salud sean permeables a los múltiples cambios sociales, considerando su rol de educadores y promotores de la salud. La atención de Enfermería calificada y oportuna en el período prenatal a la mujer embaraza reduce las probabilidades de internación del recién nacido en unidades neonatales de cuidados intensivos.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores perinatais associados à prematuridade em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal a partir da assistência pré-natal. Método: estudo caso-controle realizado na Região Sul do país com 186 puérperas, no período de julho a novembro de 2018. Utilizou-se na análise dos dados estratégia de abordagem hierárquica e regressão logística condicional. Resultados: entre os nascimentos pré-termo, 5,9% (n=11) foram classificados como prematuros extremos (<31 semanas), 12,9% (n=24) prematuridade moderado (32 a 34 semanas e 6 dias) e 31,2% (n=58) como prematuros tardios (35 a 36 semanas e 6 dias). Os fatores associados à ocorrência da prematuridade foram idade materna (30 anos), escolaridade (<8anos) e a renda (<4 salários). Entre os fatores perinatais no modelo ajustado final o número de consulta insuficiente (OR 2,69/IC 95% 1,10 - 6,55) e início do pré-natal tardio (OR 4,34/IC95% 1,49 - 12,58) estiveram associados à ocorrência do desfecho. Por outro lado, ausência de intercorrências, ruptura prematura da membrana e infecções na gestação atual, bem como uma conduta clínica adequada e encaminhamento específico foram fatores de proteção para a ocorrência de nascimentos antes de 37 semanas de gestação. Conclusão: torna-se necessário que os profissionais da saúde estejam acessíveis às mais variadas mudanças sociais, considerando seu papel de educador e promotor da saúde. Uma assistência de enfermagem no pré-natal qualificada e oportuna para a gestante diminui a chance de internação do recém-nascido em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal.

Brote por Serratia marcescens en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales: Guayaquil-Ecuador / Serratia marcescens outbreak in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Guayaquil, Ecuador

We report a Serratia marcescens outbreak occurred in the NICU of a pediatric hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Nine cases of infection were detected, from which septicemia was developed in 55.5%. The index case was a newborn derived from another institution with septic arthritis caused by the outbreak strain. The infection rate was 17.6% and mortality rate was 33.3%. All isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides and susceptible to third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Clonality analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed the presence of two closely related clones confirming the horizontal spread. Measures were taken by the committee such as: strengthening the hand hygiene, patient hygiene and cohort studies of gastrointestinal colonization, which allowed the control of the outbreak.

Comunicamos un brote nosocomial por Serratia marcescens en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en un hospital pediátrico de Guayaquil, Ecuador. Se detectaron nueve casos de infección, manifestándose en 55,5% de los casos como sepsis. El caso índice correspondió a un neonato derivado de otra institución con artritis séptica. La tasa de ataque fue 17,6% (n: 51) y la mortalidad 33,3%. Todos los aislados presentaron resistencia a las cefalosporinas y aminoglucósidos y sensibilidad a carbapenémicos. El análisis de clonalidad reveló la presencia de dos clones estrechamente relacionados, confirmando la diseminación horizontal. Las medidas de control de brote fueron: reforzamiento de higiene de manos, cohorte de los pacientes y búsqueda de colonización gastrointestinal.

Aleitamento materno em prematuros: identificando barreiras / Breastfeeding in premature: identifying barriers / Lactancia materna en prematuros: indenficando barreras

Objetivos: identificar dificuldades enfrentadas por mães puérperas na lactação durante o tempo em que seu recém-nascido esteve em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva ou em Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários Neonatal; descrever as orientações que mães receberam dos profissionais da saúde. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em uma maternidade pública na cidade de Patos/PB, com oito puérperas de bebês prematuros internados, no período de novembro de 2014. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevista com análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: o estudo indica necessidade de reorganizar modelos de assistência às mães de bebês prematuros às dificuldades da amamentação durante o período de internação. Conclusão: é necessária a promoção para a humanização no atendimento intra-hospitalar, no sentido de aprimorar o conhecimento e humanizar o acolhimento oferecido às mães puérperas na lactação.(AU)

Objectives: to identify the difficulties faced by mothers breastfeeding their newborn when they are in the Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit; to describe the guidelines that mothers received by the health professionals. Method: a descriptive study of a qualitative approach, developed in a public hospital in the city of Patos/PB, with eight mothers of premature babies hospitalized in November 2014. The data were produced through interviews with thematic content analysis. Results: the study indicates the need to reorganize premature babies of mothers to care models to the difficulties of breastfeeding during the hospital stay. Conclusion: promotion to the in-hospital humanization care is necessary to improve knowledge and humanize the reception given to mothers during breastfeeding.(AU)

Objetivos: identificar dificultades enfrentadas por madres em la lactancia durante el tiempo en que su recién nacido en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva o Unidad de Cuidados Intermediarios Neonatal; describir las orientaciones que madres recibieron de los profesionales de la salud. Método: estudio descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado en una maternidad pública en la ciudad de Patos/PB, con ocho madres de bebés prematuros internados, en el mes de noviembre de 2014. Los datos fueron producidos por medio de entrevista con análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: el estudio indica necesidad de reorganizar modelos de asistencia a las madres de bebés prematuros a las dificultades de la lactancia durante el período de internación. Conclusión: es necesaria la promoción para la humanización en el atendimiento intrahospitalario, en el sentido de mejorar el conocimiento y humanizar el acogimiento ofrecido a las madres en la lactancia.(AU)

Mother as a vector of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport outbreak in a neonatal unit.

INTRODUCTION: In neonatal units, Salmonella infections have been attributed to food-borne sources and person to person transmission. METHODS: The outbreak described is the first reported by Salmonella enterica serotype Newport in a neonatal facility in Spain. RESULTS: The index case was an 8-day premature newborn that developed clinical sepsis with positive blood cultures. The outbreak source was the mother of the index case. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to improve infection control measures taking into account the parents, as they can be an important source of infection.

Fatores associados à hipotermia durante o transporte intra-hospitalar em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Factors associated with hypothermia during intra-hospital transport in patients assisted in a neonatal intensive care unit

OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência e os fatores associados à ocorrência de hipotermia em transportes intra-hospitalares de pacientes internados em uma unidade neonatal de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado em uma coorte prospectiva de crianças submetidas a transportes intra-hospitalares realizados por uma equipe treinada de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2008 na unidade de cuidados intensivos de um hospital público universitário. Foram excluídos os transportes de pacientes com mais de um ano e/ou com peso na data do transporte superior a 10kg. Os fatores associados à hipotermia durante o transporte foram estudados por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.197 transportes realizados no período do estudo, 1.191 (99,5 por cento) atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. As doenças de base das 640 crianças estudadas (idade gestacional: 35,0±3,8 semanas; peso ao nascer: 2341±888g) foram: malformações únicas ou múltiplas (71,0 por cento), infecções (7,7 por cento), hemorragia peri/intraventricular (5,5 por cento), desconforto respiratório (4,0 por cento) e outros (11,8 por cento). Os pacientes foram transportados para realização de cirurgias (22,6 por cento), ressonância magnética (10,6 por cento), tomografia (20,9 por cento), exames contrastados (18,2 por cento) e outros procedimentos (27,7 por cento). A hipotermia ocorreu em 182 (15,3 por cento) transportes e se associou ao (OR; IC95 por cento): peso ao transporte <1000g (3,7; 1,4-9,9); peso ao transporte 1000-2500g (1,5; 1,0-2,2); temperatura axilar pré-transporte <36,5ºC (2,0; 1,4-2,9); presença de malformações do sistema nervoso (2,8; 1,8-4,4); uso de oxigênio inalatório (1,6; 1,0-2,5); ventilação mecânica antes do transporte (2,5; 1,5-4,0); cirurgias (1,7; 1,0-2,7) e anos de 2001, 2003 e 2006 (protetores). CONCLUSÕES: Os transportes intra-hospitalares apresentaram risco elevado de hipotermia, mostrando que devem ser realizados por equipe habilitada e com equipamentos adequados.

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency and factors associated with hypothermia during intra-hospital transports of patients assisted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort of infants submitted to intra-hospital transports performed by a trained team from January 1997 to December 2008 at a NICU of a public university hospital. Transports of patients aged more than one year and/or with weight higher than 10kg were excluded. Factors associated with hypothermia during intra-hospital transports were studied by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the 1,197 transports performed during the studied period, 1,191 (99.5 percent) met the inclusion criteria. The 640 transported infants had mean gestational age of 35.0±3.8 weeks and birth weight of 2341±888g. They presented the following underline diseases: single or multiple malformations (71.0 percent), infections (7.7 percent), peri/intraventricular hemorrhage (5.5 percent), respiratory distress (4.0 percent) and others (11.1 percent). Patients were transported for surgical procedures (22.6 percent), magnetic resonance (10.6 percent), tomography imaging (20.9 percent), contrasted exams (18.2 percent), and others (27.7 percent). Hypothermia occurred in 182 (15.3 percent) transports and was associated with (OR; 95 percentCI): weight at transport <1000g (3.7; 1.4-9.9), weight at transport 1000-2500g (1.5; 1.0-2.2), pre-transport axillary temperature <36.5ºC (2.0; 1.4-2.9), central nervous system malformation (2.8; 1.8-4.4); use of supplemental oxygen (1.6; 1.0-2.5); mechanical ventilation prior to transport (2.5; 1.5-4.0); transport for surgeries (1.7; 1.0-2.7) and the years 2001, 2003 and 2006 (protection factors). CONCLUSIONS: Intra-hospital transports presented increased risk for hypothermia, showing that this kind of transport should be done by skilled teams with adequate equipment.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la ocurrencia de hipotermia en transportes intrahospitalarios de pacientes internados en una unidad neonatal de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal anidado en una cohorte prospectiva de niños sometidos a transportes intrahospitalarios realizados por un equipo entrenado de ene/1997 a dic/2008 en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital público universitario. Se excluyeron los transportes de pacientes con más de un año de edad y con peso en la fecha del transporte superior a 10kg. Los factores asociados a la hipotermia durante el transporte fueron estudiados por regresión logística. RESULTADOS: De los 1197 transportes realizados en el periodo de estudio, 1191 (99,5 por ciento) atendieron a los criterios de inclusión. Las enfermedades de base de los 640 niños estudiados (edad gestacional: 35,0±3,8sem; peso al nacer: 2341±888g) fueron: malformaciones únicas o múltiples (71 por ciento), infecciones (7,7 por ciento), hemorragia peri/intraventricular (5,5 por ciento), angustia respiratoria (4,0 por ciento) y otros (11,8 por ciento). Los pacientes fueron transportados para realización de cirugías (22,6 por ciento), resonancia magnética (10,6 por ciento), tomografía (20,9 por ciento), exámenes contrastados (18,2 por ciento) y otros procedimientos (27,7 por ciento). La hipotermia ocurrió en 182 (15,3 por ciento) transportes y se asoció al (OR; IC95 por ciento): peso al transporte <1000g (3,7; 1,4-9,9); peso al transporte 1000-2500g (1,5; 1,0-2,2); temperatura axilar pre-transporte <36,5º C (2,0; 1,4-2,9); presencia de malformaciones del sistema nervioso (2,8; 1,8-4,4); uso de oxígeno inhalatorio (1,6; 1,0-2,5); ventilación mecánica antes del transporte (2,5; 1,5-4,0); cirugías (1,7; 1,0-2,7) y años de 2001, 2003 y 2006 (protectores). CONCLUSIONES: Los transportes intrahospitalarios presentan elevado riesgo de hipotermia, mostrando que deben ser realizados por personas habilitadas...

Epidemiología de la infección nosocomial en la unidad neonatal Hospital de San José, Bogotá dc. Marzo - Agosto de 2009 / Epidemiology of nosocomial infection in neonatal units Hospital de San José, Bogotá DC. March - August 2009

La infección nosocomial es un problema grave de salud en el país, con alta mortalidad neonatal, numerosas complicaciones, secuelas irreversibles y elevados costos y estancia hospitalaria. Se describen los factores de riesgo en el Hospital de San José (prevalencia, agentes etiológicos y mortalidad) y se comparan con la epidemiología extrainstitucional. Estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal en los pacientes que ingresaron a la unidad neonatal procedentes de la sala de partos entre marzo y agosto de 2009. Se usó un formato de registro diario de los recién nacidos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión con seguimiento hasta el egreso. Se recolectaron 200 pacientes, 31 con sospecha clínica de infección nosocomial (53 casos) 26.5%. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, analizadas como factores de riesgo y se cruzaron con infección nosocomial. Se encontró una prevalencia más baja de infección nosocomial confirmada con respecto a estadísticas de otras instituciones (5.5%) y los gérmenes aislados fueron similares. La mayor frecuencia fue en recién nacidos a término, sugiriendo que los factores de riesgo son prevenibles, modificables y no se relacionan con los inherentes a la condición desfavorable del pretérmino y/o bajo peso al nacer. Es necesario realizar un estudio más prolongado y con mayor población para obtener resultados con significancia estadística...

Nosocomial infection is a major health problem in our country, associated to high neonatal mortality rate, numerous complications, irreversible sequelae, high costs and longer hospital stay. The risk factors at Hospital de San José (prevalence, etiologic agents and mortality rates) are described and compared with extra institutional epidemiology. An observational longitudinal descriptive study was conducted on neonates transferred from the delivery room to the neonatal unit between March and August 2009. A daily record format of the newborns that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was used and follow-up was conducted until they were discharged. Two hundred patients were collected, 31 with clinical suspicion of a nosocomial infection (53 cases) 26.5%. Qualitative and quantitative variables were considered and analyzed as risk factors and crossed with nosocomial infection. The prevalence rate of confirmed nosocomial infection observed was lower than that observed in statistic records of other institutions (5.5%) and the microorganisms isolated were similar. Frequency was greater in full term infants suggesting risk factors may be prevented, modified and are not related to the inherent unfavorable conditions of preterm/low weight at birth neonates. A more prolonged study including a larger population must be conducted in order to obtain statistically significant results...