[Gestion of arboviral alerts: Experience feedback from the Secproch working group of the French "Haut Conseil de la santé publique" (2019-2021)]. / Gestion des alertes arbovirales : retour d'expérience du groupe de travail Secproch du Haut Conseil de la santé publique (2019­2021).

The Secproch working group (for "sécurité des produits issus du corps humain") was created in 2019 within the « Haut Conseil de la santé publique ¼ (HCSP) for addressing all the questions related to labile blood products, organs, tissues, cells (OTC) and gametes issued from human body. It is notably in charge of the management of alerts regarding arbovirus infections. These infections due to arthropod-transmitted viruses are responsible for emergence and reemergence, notably in the context of global warming. This review relates the alerts taken into consideration by the Secproch group between 2019 and 2021 following three pathologies due to Flaviviridae : dengue, West Nile virus (WNV) infection and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The dengue alerts have occurred in French Indies where the virus is endemic/epidemic, Reunion Island where the population was naïve until 2018 towards the virus, and the metropole where foci of autochthonous cases are observed sporadically. The WNV infection was responsible of both human and equine cases in 2019 in the South of France but with intensity much less than in 2018. At last, the TBE virus was at the origin of a cluster of about 40 cases in the Ain department following a contamination by crude non-pasteurized goat cheese. This review offers the opportunity to reevaluate the risks linked to these three viruses through blood products and organs/tissues/cells and to precise the means recommended by HCSP to secure these products.

State of the art: Vest Nile Virus circulation surveillance in Italy and transfusion risk early prevention methods.

After the Chikungunya outbreak in 2007 in Italy, a national Plan for the surveillance of human vector-borne diseases has been implemented and annually updated on the basis of the epidemiological changes based-evidences. The transfusion Authorities cooperates, since 2008, with public health services and veterinary (entomological and ornithological) surveillance systems. In some Italian regions, a common protocol for exchanging data is in place to identify the West Nile Virus (WNV) circulation in birds and mosquitoes: the goal is to anticipate the introduction of WNV-NAT screening in blood donors and, on the other hand, to limit testing only in geographic areas where the virus circulation is actual. The integration of surveillance activities and a multidisciplinary approach made it possible to introduce efficient and preventive measures for reducing the risk of of transmission of WNV trough blood, tissues and organ donation.

Factores de riesgo eco-entomológicos en la emergencia de arbovirosis en las zonas húmedas de la comunidad Valenciana. Valencia, España / Eco-epidemiological risk factors in the emergence of arboviruses in the Valencian autonomous region´s wetlands. Valencia, España

El presente trabajo analiza las posibilidades de emergencia de arbovirosis en los humedales de la Comunidad Valenciana. El objetivo, es inferir qué zonas húmedas podrían suponer un escenario potencial para el desarrollo de un brote epidémico, en función de sus características físicas y biológicas. Se llevó a cabo un programa de muestreo estacional para la captura de larvas de mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae), por ser los organismos vectores de la enfermedad. Para su captura, se empleó la técnica de “dipping”, a la vez que se caracterizó el cuerpo hídrico muestreado mediante el uso de sistema portátil de medida multiparamétrico Consort C535. Se recolectaron un total de 3.418 ejemplares, fijándose en 6 las especies de mosquito potencialmente vectoras de arbovirus, siendo éstas: Aedes albopictus (n=10), Culex modestus (n=62), Culex pipiens (n=2246), Culex theileri (n=2), Culiseta annulata (n=94) y Ochlerotatus caspius (n=330), lo que supone un posible riesgo de transmisión de virus West Nile, Sindbis, Usutu y Tahyna. El diseño y análisis de los mosaicos de contingencia, reveló que los humedales con mayor potencialidad para sufrir brotes epidémicos en la Comunidad Valenciana son las albuferas, los marjales y los saladares.

The present work analyses the possibility of the emergence of West Nile virus in the Valencian Autonomous Region’s wetlands (Eastern Spain), with the aim of inferring what kind of wetland possesses the necessary characteristics to cause a West Nile epidemiological outbreak. A seasonal sampling program of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) was carried out. Larvae were captured by "dipping" technique, and a Consort C535 laptop system was used to measure physical and chemical wáter bodies characteristics. Data was statistically analyzed with JMP 7 statistical program. A total of 3418 individuals were collected; obtaining a total of 6 mosquito species: Aedes albopictus (n= 10), Culex modestus (n= 62), Culex pipiens (n= 2246), Culex theileri (n= 2), Culiseta annulata (n= 94) and Ochlerotatus caspius (n= 330). These results represent the possibility of transmission of West Nile and other flaviviruses like Sindbis, Usutu or Tahyna. The design of contingency mosaics revealed that wetlands with the greatest capacity to produce a disease outbreaks in the Valencian Autonomous Region, are lagoons, pocosins and saltmarshes.