The Evaluation of YouTube™ English Videos' Quality About Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to clarify the reliability and quality of English videos about Coronary artery bypass grafting on YouTubeTM. Methods: The study was performed between July 16 and July 30. A cardiovascular surgeon searched for terms including "coronary artery disease," "coronary artery treatment," "coronary artery bypass" and "coronary artery bypass surgery," in YouTubeTM. All videos were classified into two groups according to the source who uploaded the video as professional videos and non-professional videos. Video characteristics including duration of video on YouTube™, length of video, and view numbers for each video were recorded. Moreover, the numbers of "comments," "likes," and "dislikes" were noted. Furthermore, the target audience of the videos (professional health care worker and patients) was analyzed, DISCERN score and Global quality score (GQS) were calculated for each video. Results: Totally, 812 videos were divided into two groups according to upload sources; 448 videos were categorized as professional videos and 364 videos were categorized as non-professional videos. The mean number of views was 3220.5 for professional videos and 2216.5 for non-professional videos (p=0.001). In addition, the mean "like" numbers and mean comment numbers were significantly higher for professional videos (p=0.001 and p=0.001). The mean DISCERN score was 2.6 for professional videos and 1.5 for non-professional videos (p=0.001). Similarly, the mean GSQ was significantly higher for professional videos (3.5 vs. 2.5, p=0.001). Conclusion: YouTube™ videos which are shared by professional healthcare workers have better quality and reliability with significantly higher DISCERN score and GQS.

YoutubeTM Content Analysis as a Means of Information in Oral Medicine: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: Oral medicine represents a complex branch of dentistry, involved in diagnosing and managing a wide range of disorders. YoutubeTM offers a huge source of information for users and patients affected by oral diseases. This systematic review aims to evaluate the reliability of YoutubeTM oral medicine-related content as a valid dissemination aid. METHODS: The MeSH terms "YoutubeTM" and "oral" have been searched by three search engines (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library), and a systematic review has been performed; the PRISMA checklist has been followed in the search operations. RESULTS: Initial results were 210. Ten studies definitely met our selection criteria. CONCLUSIONS: YoutubeTM represents a dynamic device capable of easy and rapid dissemination of medical-scientific content. Nevertheless, the most of information collected in the literature shows a lack of adequate knowledge and the need to utilize a peer-reviewing tool in order to avoid the spreading of misleading and dangerous content.

Is YouTube a high-quality source of information on cancer rehabilitation?

BACKGROUND: Searching for information on the Internet, especially YouTubeTM, is gaining popularity for cancer survivors. Based on the topic of online health information, the importance of studies using YouTube data for various cancer types and treatment methods has increased. This study aims to investigate the quality, reliability, and accuracy of YouTube videos on cancer rehabilitation (CR). METHODS: YouTube search was performed on February 26th, 2021, with two keyword sets: "cancer rehabilitation" and "oncology rehabilitation." The modified DISCERN, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scoring system, and the Global Quality Score (GQS) were used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the videos. The features of each video such as the number of likes, dislikes, and views, upload date, duration, like ratio, and the uploader profile were also collected. RESULTS: Fifty-three of the first 200 videos shown in the search results met the criteria. Most of the videos were low quality. The most common uploader profile was academic institute/university hospital. The three most common subjects in the videos were CR definition, physical therapy and occupational therapy, and patient experiences. The mean modified DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 2.14, 2.03, and 2.78, respectively. Higher quality videos had longer duration, greater number of views, and better reliability scores. CONCLUSION: The results showed that most of the rated videos were of low-quality and didn't provide sufficient information on the topic discussed. Higher-quality and more accurate YouTube videos are needed to increase awareness of CR. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: For cancer survivors, CR-related YouTube video content often provides information of low reliability. In this context, it is necessary to focus on the production of video content that includes clinical guides, references, and are based on clinical-based practices.

Evaluation of quality and reliability of YouTube videos on female urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVES: Women often feel embarrassed about urinary incontinence, hesitate to see a doctor and search the internet to gain information on the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of the most viewed YouTube™ pertaining to female urinary incontinence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty videos that met the inclusion criteria were assessed by two urologists through Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and Video Power Index (VPI) scoring systems. Videos' image type, video uploaders, general content, length, view counts, date of uploading, comment, like and dislike counts were also recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty videos included real and 20 animation images. Nine videos were uploaded directly by physicians, 32 videos by health channels, 14 videos by hospital channels, 2 videos by herbalists and 3 videos by other sources. The mean comment, like and dislike counts of the videos were found as 49.4 ± 172.9, 642.5 ± 2,112.9 and 66.7 ± 192.4. The mean DISCERN score was found as 38.2 ± 11.5, JAMA score as 1.4 ± 0.6 and VPI score as 85.1 ± 12.1. There was no significant difference between physicians and non-physicians and between real and animated videos in terms of DISCERN and JAMA scores (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the videos on YouTube™ pertaining to female urinary incontinence was at an average level. Healthcare professionals should be encouraged for uploading more accurate quality health related contents. Policy makers should develop policies for supervision of the videos uploaded on the internet.

Life Is a Stage: Autistic Perspectives on Neurotypicality.

Background: Professional interventions for autistic people often encourage the development of neurotypical behavior. However, the pressure to appear or behave neurotypically has been associated with negative mental health outcomes. Consequently, autistic perspectives on the concept of neurotypicality are a critical area for empirical research. As a follow-up to a prior study on perceptions of autism, the present study examined the concept of neurotypicality as represented in 39 online video logs authored by YouTubers who self-identified as autistic. The study aimed to understand autistic perspectives on neurotypicality to guide professional service provision toward practices that support overall well-being. Methods: Consistent with procedures frequently implemented within narrative inquiry, we identified three exemplary videos that presented salient and consistent narratives about neurotypicality. We submitted transcripts of these three videos to inductive thematic analysis to establish their distinctive features and hence the features of the narratives they embodied. Afterward, we used the distinctive features of the exemplary videos to deductively analyze the remaining 36 videos in the data set. Findings: The three exemplary videos presented features that related to three divergent narratives about neurotypicality that were supported by the data set as a whole: neurotypicality as (1) an achievement; (2) a masquerade; and (3) a curse. These three narratives differed sharply in regard to the desirability and feasibility of neurotypical conduct. Across all narratives, neurotypical behavior was associated with significant effort. Conclusions: Implications for professionals serving the autism community include the need to be prepared to offer clients different narratives about neurotypical behavior, as presented in writings and media authored by autistic individuals. A second implication concerns the need to align intervention and educational goals with a client's views and values. Finally, independent of the goals established between professionals and clients, the former must monitor the stress and effort associated with the enactment of neurotypicality and make changes accordingly. Lay summary: Why was this study done?: Professionals often want to help autistic clients to behave like people who are not autistic (often called neurotypicals). However, we do not know much about how people on the autism spectrum feel about the idea of neurotypicality. In this study, we analyzed 39 videos from YouTubers who identified as autistic to learn more about what they think of neurotypicality.What was the purpose of this study?: Our goal was to learn directly from autistic individuals and to help professionals (e.g., psychologists and speech-language therapists) to provide better services to the autistic community.What did the researchers do?: We chose three of the videos that were good examples of different ways of thinking about neurotypicality. We analyzed the three videos to identify their unique features. Then we identified examples of those features in the other 36 videos in our data set.What were the results of the study?: We identified three ways of thinking about neurotypicality: neurotypicality as (1) an achievement; (2) a masquerade or theatrical performance; and (3) a curse. These ways of thinking about neurotypicality differed mostly in regard to the extent to which neurotypicality was desired and considered possible. A shared characteristic was that neurotypical behavior required a lot of effort from autistic individuals.What do these findings add to what was already known?: The findings of our study highlight the effort associated with neurotypical behavior and the connection between neurotypical behavior and mental health. The study can help professionals to better understand what behaving neurotypically feels like for autistic individuals. It also has the potential to increase discussions about neurotypicality by amplifying the autistic voices that are still underrepresented in scientific studies.What are potential weaknesses in the study?: The ways of thinking about neurotypicality that we identified in our data may not be representative of all the autistic community because most of the vloggers in our data were white males who identified with Asperger's syndrome. Also, our study included only videos recorded in English and uploaded to YouTubeTM between 2005 and 2015. Future studies should include individuals from all areas of the autism spectrum and more recent data presented in more varied formats and languages.How will these findings help autistic adults now or in the future?: The findings of our study suggest that professionals who serve the autistic community should be able to share with others different views of neurotypicality, help clients work toward goals that are important to them, and monitor signs of stress caused by the effort to behave neurotypically. This should in turn positively impact the quality of services provided to the autistic community and with it the overall well-being of people on the autism spectrum.