[Exploration of GAO Shu-zhong's academic thought of acupuncture and moxibustion].

This paper summarizes professor GAO Shu-zhong's academic thought of acupuncture and moxibustion. Professor GAO studies classic literature and clarifies the authentic Chinese medicine from the origin. He provides the unique understandings on the theories, e.g "four passes", gaohuang, the flowing rule of nutrient and defensive qi, lung governing management and regulation and moxibustion for sinking of qi. By analyzing the differences in diagnosis and treatment between acupuncture and herbal medication therapies and exploring the syndrome/pattern differentiation, he advocates the rules of disorder differentiation and treatment in clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, creates GAO 's three-promotion theory and summarizes the characteristic diagnostic methods. He proposes novel statement, perfects theoretic system and creates GAO's extra points. He puts forward that the human acupoint system should be reconstructed to compose of two systems, i.e. meridian acupoints and collateral acupoints systems. Professor GAO pays the attention to acupuncture techniques, proposes a trinity needling technique, "pulse diagnosis, acupoint detection and qi differentiation under needle", and applies different needling techniques in treatment accordingly. He thinks highly of moxibustion, especially umbilicus moxibustion therapy, which has been used widely in practice. Besides, professor GAO provides the comprehensive methods flexibly, with acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medication in combination.

[ZHOU Mei-sheng's academic thought and clinical application of "three-phase moxibustion sensation"].

This paper collects professor ZHOU Mei-sheng's academic thought, "three-phases moxibustion sensation" and expounds its clinical value. Proposed by professor ZHOU, in accordance with the occurrence and development characteristics of the moxibustion propagated sensation, three time phases of moxibustion propagated sensation are divided, i.e. directional conduction phase (the first time phase), effect onset phase (the second time phase), and descending suspension and along-meridian re-transmission phase (the third time phase). In terms of the different characteristics among these three time phases, the clinical therapeutic regimens are designed accordingly. It provides a novel approach to the clinical application of moxibustion.

[Exploration of professor ZHANG Shan-chen's academic thoughts].

Professor ZHANG Shan-chen's clinical experience and academic thoughts in the field of acupuncture are summarized. Professor ZHANG stresses on theoretical exploration and has written Zhenjiu Jiayijing Shuxue Chongji, published a series of articles on textual research and expounded the nomenclature of acupoints. He believes that clinical practice should be guided by theory and the comprehensive syndrome differentiation be emphasized. Hence, a holistic idea should be cultivated, in which, the human body is considered as an organic whole and should be adaptive to the nature. Based on the theory above, the diagnosis can be determined and the effective treatment be received. He suggests selecting few acupoints, identifying the deficiency from the excess so as to determine the reinforcing or replenishing method and exerting appropriate needling manipulation. Additionally, the response should be enhanced on the identification of deqi after needle insertion. Moreover, a great consideration is laid on the clinical trial and application of moxibustion, which is complemented with acupuncture technique each other and mutually conductive to the clinical effect.

[Towards Academician Wang Qi's academic thought and medication philosophy in the treatment of secondary erectile dysfunction].

Professor Wang Qi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the founder of andrology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been engaged in theoretical and clinical researches on andrology of TCM for many years. Erudite and well-experienced, he advanced the idea of "treating impotence from the liver" and unique theories of TCM therapies for male diseases, with ingenuity and originality in clinical medication, proficient in using small and precise prescriptions to achieve high efficacy. This article summarizes and discusses the authors' experience in Professor Wang Qi's clinic learning from him his academic thought and medication philosophy in the treatment of secondary ED.

[Pioneering a great undertaking, glorifying acupuncture worldwide: brief on WANG Xue-tai's academic thought].

WANG Xue-tai is a famous scholar of acupuncture-moxibustion of TCM, one of the founders of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibusiton, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the director of the second-term leadership of Institute, as well as the representative inheritor of "acupuncture" in the national intangible cultural heritage project. The academic and administrative achievement of professor WANG Xue-tai has been systematically reviewed in this paper. His academic thought and contributions are summarized as: clarifying the source of acupuncture-moxibustion development and laying the foundation of academic history research of acupuncture-moxibustion; emphasizing moxibustion techniques and promoting new acupuncture techniques; maintaining the characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion to improve clinical therapeutic effect; advocating the standardization of acupuncture-moxibustion to promote its internationalization; and insisting on inheritance and innovation to enhance the modernization of acupuncture-moxibusiton of TCM.

[Exploring and practicing over 80 years in traditional Chinese medicine: the academic career of professor XUE Chong-cheng].

This paper reviewes the clinical and scientific research history of professor XUE Chong-cheng and summarizes his academic thoughts and main achievements. Professor XUE Chong -cheng created the first personality and constitution inventory in China to lay the foundation for the discipline of TCM psychology; discovered meridian sensory conduction in phantom limbs and proposed the extension of the central model; invented a method for treating mental illness with a low-dose electroacupuncture convulsion therapy instrument; and interpreted the TCM medical model as a Time-Space-Social- Psychological-Biological medical model.

[Thinking on the development direction of acupuncture-moxibustion science from the study of genres of acupuncture and moxibustion].

The paper introduces the general situation on academic school of acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient China, the status of the modern genres of acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as the existing problems in the relevant studies. It is pointed out that "academic school" and "genre" should be distinguished each other in terms of modern context. The former should refer to the school of academic theory, while the latter should be the school of clinical treatment technology. It would be best to classify the modern academic school of acupuncture and moxibustion based on the therapeutic techniques with specific characteristics for the outline, focusing on the study of the academic thought of each genre. Modern genres of acupuncture and moxibustion should be more inclusive and open, "encouraging the unique academic views", rather than "restricting access to inheritance". The development of modern genres of acupuncture and moxibustion is an important driving force for the development of acupuncture-moxibustion discipline and it is ought to contribute to the reconstruction of medical theory of acupuncture and moxibustion.

[Great physician with absolute sincerity and carrying forward acupuncture and moxibustion: commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of academician CHENG Xin-nong, master of traditional Chinese medicine].

The academician CHENG Xin-nong's academic thoughts and his contributions to the acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine are summarized. Academician CHENG emphasizes the importance of meridian theory to acupuncture and moxibustion. He has hosted the National Climbing Program "Meridian Research", and put forward the symptom differentiation along the running course of channel and symptom differentiation based on meridian tropism. He values the guiding role of TCM theory on clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, and advocates that acupoints have the same properties as traditional Chinese herb. He has established the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment based on syndrome differentiation, which includes principle, method, prescription, acupoint and technique. He is good at summarizing the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment rules of dominant diseases of TCM, and has formed his own unique acupuncture method in clinical practice: San-Cai acupuncturing method. In addition, he is one of the important founders of acupuncture and moxibustion education in the New China by pioneering early education of acupuncture and moxibustion and compiling textbooks. He is also the pioneer of international communication of acupuncture and moxibustion, carrying out international training of acupuncture and moxibustion, and spreading knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion. He has the qualities of a great physician, dedicated to clinical practice and very kind to patients.

[Pivotal issue of acupuncture-moxibustion academical inheritance based on the present situation of the clinical application of Tongguan Liqiao needling method by the academician SHI Xue-min].

The present situation of clinical application of Tongguan Liqiao needling method of acupuncture innovated by academician SHI Xue-min, and the situation for the inheritance of academic thought were analyzed. It was found that during the application of Tongguan Liqiao needling method, some questions were presented, i.e. absence of main acupoints in acupuncture regimen, lack of rules for the selection of combined acupoints and lack of specification on manipulation. The reasons of the above questions were analyzed from three aspects of inheritance, i.e. integrity, systematicness and normativity. It is anticipated that the summary of this analysis may provide the references to the efficient development of normative clinical manipulation and academic inheritance.

[Analysis of the academic features of the moxibustion of Xin'an physicians].

Xin'an acupuncture and moxibustion physicians have a lot of talented people. Their academic theories promote the development of moxibustion theory. WANG Guo-rui used acupuncture and moxibustion together in clinic, and emphasized reinforcing and reducing method. Moxibustion was performed with unique matching acupoint according to different cases. WANG Ji proposed the theory "moxibustion can cure sores, and has reinforcing and reducing method""scars block the movement of qi and do not use moxibustion when there is no disease". XU Chun-fu elaborated on the theory of moxibustion, which involved a wide range of ideas and advocated the idea of combining acupuncture with drugs. WU Qian put forward the theory "moxibustion is mostly used at acupoints on the back, and can cure multiple syndromes" "focus on the use of miraculous acupoints for the treatment of emergency diseases" "moxibustion must be treated with enough moxibustion to cure the disease". WU Yi-ding thonght that only by carefully identifying the types of diseases and using corresponding acupoints could have a very good curative effect; moxibustion had indications and contraindications, so be careful when used it; moxibustion was divided into yin and yang, also divided into reinforcing and reducing methods; sores were suitable for moxibustion and heat syndrome could also be used by moxibustion. He also believed that moxibustion was as important as acupuncture with the complementary relationship. Hence, the valuable significance of moxibustion in clinical practice is explored through the collection of the academic thoughts of WANG Guo-rui, WANG Ji, XU Chun-fu, WU Qian and WU Yi-ding.

[WU Binghuang's academic thought and clinical experience of regulating immune function by acupuncture and moxibustion].

WU Binghuang advocates painless acupuncture,qi arrival to strength the body and eliminate pathogenic factors,as well as enhancing the immune function. Also,he stresses the application of both the Chinese and western medicine theories. The academic thought and clinical experience of professor WU Binghuang regulating the immune function are explored through three aspects,namely the application of 12 yuan-source points and lower he acupoints,implementing moxibustion at health care points,the usage of acupoints related to immune organs.

[Analysis for contemporary academic study of Experience on Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy].

Experience on Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy is a profound book by WANG Zhizhong for acupuncture-moxibustion development. Twenty-five articles about arranging the book were analyzed in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from 1980 to 2015. It is considered that the versions spread are clear, and literature quoted is abundant but needed to be further sorted. Also, academic thoughts with value were deeply explored in terms of acupoint, moxibustion, acupuncture-moxibustion case, contraindication and health preserving. However, shortages about contemporary research exist, such as less exploration on historical cultural background of the book, the humanistic spirit of WANG Zhizhong, the rule of acupoint application and the treatment experie-nce. We should pay attention to the above points so as to further systematically study its academic thought.