RESUMO
Resumen Para el departamento de Loreto se registra 113 especies de Euchromiina (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae). Además, se reportan 9 nuevos registros para Perú: Sphecosoma abnormis, Isanthrene profusa, Autochloris collocata, A. consociata, Andrenimorpha lycopolis, Leucotmemis torrida, Cosmosoma contracta, Pseudomya biradiata y P. cretheis. Se proponen dos nuevos sinónimos: Diptilon aurantiipes Rothschild como sinónimo más reciente de Sphecosoma abnormis Hampson; Isanthrene flavizonata Gaede como sinónimo más reciente de Tigrinadia quadricincta Kaye. Esta última especie por ahora es conocida solo de Perú. Se describe un nuevo tipo de órgano androconial en la parte ventral del abdomen.
Abstract For the department of Loreto, 113 species of Euchromiina (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae) are recorded. In addition, 9 new records are reported for Peru: Sphecosoma abnormis, Isanthrene profusa, Autochloris collocata, A. consociata, Andrenimorpha lycopolis, Leucotmemis torrida, Cosmosoma contracta, Pseudomya biradiata and P. cretheis. Two new synonyms are proposed: Diptilon aurantiipes Rothschild as a junior synonym for Sphecosoma abnormis Hampson; Isanthrene flavizonata Gaede as a junior synonym for Tigrinadia quadricincta Kaye. This last species for now is known only from Peru. A new type of androconial organ is described in the ventral part of the abdomen.
RESUMO
Scales, exoskeletal features characteristic of the Lepidoptera, occur in enormous structural and functional diversity. They cover the wing membranes and other body parts and give butterflies and moths their often stunning appearance. Generally, the patterns made by scales are visual signals for intra- and interspecific communication. In males, scales and/or bristles also make up the androconial organs, which emit volatile signals during courtship. Here, a structurally and putative functionally novel type of scales and bristles is reported: 'crystal macrosetae'. These lack trabeculae and windows, are made up by a very thin and flexible envelope only and contain crystallizing material. In 'crystal scales', there is a flat surface ornamentation of modified ridges, while 'crystal bristles' often show large protrusions. Crystal macrosetae usually cannot be reliably recognized without destruction. Apparently, they serve as containers for large amounts of material that is viscous in living moths, highly hygroscopic, crystallizes when specimens dry up, and can be visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Crystal macrosetae occur in males only, always associated with or making up androconial organs located on various parts of the body, and have numerous forms with diverse surface ornamentation across many species and genera. The newly identified structures and the discovery of crystallizing material in scales and bristles raise many questions and could shed new light on ontogenetic development of macrosetae, and on the biology and physiology as well as the evolution and systematics of Arctiinae. There is evidence that crystal macrosetae occur in other moths too.
Assuntos
Escamas de Animais/ultraestrutura , Mariposas/ultraestrutura , Asas de Animais/ultraestrutura , Animais , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
The Epicopeiidae is a small geometroid family distributed in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. It exhibits high morphological diversity in body size and wing shape, while their wing patterns involve in various complex mimicry rings. In the present study, we attempted to describe a new genus, and a new species from Vietnam, with comments on two assumed congeneric novel species from China and India. To address its phylogenetic affinity, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family by using sequence data of COI, EF-1α, and 28S gene regions obtained from seven genera of Epicopeiidae with Pseudobiston pinratanai as the outgroup. We also compared the morphology of the new taxon to other epicopeiid genera to affirm its taxonomic status. The results suggest that the undescribed taxon deserve a new genus, namely Mimaporia gen. n. The species from Vietnam, Mimaporia hmong sp. n., is described as new to science. Under different tree building strategies, the new genus is the sister group of either Chatamla Moore, 1881 or Parabraxas Leech, 1897. The morphological evidence, which was not included in phylogenetic analyses, however, suggests its potential affinity with Burmeia Minet, 2003. This study also provides the first, although preliminary, molecular phylogeny of the family on which the revised systematics and interpretation of character evolution can be based.