Interaction Effect of Childhood Abuse History and Suicidality on 12-Month Antidepressant Response in Patients With Depressive Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the individual and interactive effects of childhood abuse and suicidal ideation on antidepressant treatment response in 12 months. METHODS: In this prospective research, 1,262 depressive patients were asked about their childhood abuse history, suicidal ideation, and other clinical characteristics and socio-demographic features at baseline, and 1,015 of them were followed during 1 year of stepwise pharmacotherapy. The individual and interactive relationships of the childhood abuse history and suicidal ideation on 12-month antidepressant non-remission were explored by logistic regression with relevant covariates. RESULTS: Having a childhood abuse history and higher suicidal ideation significantly predicted a non-remission state in 12 months respectively. The interaction term of childhood abuse and suicidal ideation was also significantly related to a non-remission state at 12 months. To be specific, in the low suicidal ideation group, depressive patients with a childhood abuse history were more likely to be in a non-remission state after 12 months of medication. In the high suicidal ideation group, however, childhood abuse history was not significantly associated with the non-remission state at 12 months. CONCLUSION: The childhood abuse history and the level of suicidal ideation are informative factors predicting the long-term results of antidepressant treatment, especially when they are combined. Clinicians may consider antidepressants with a higher affinity for patients with childhood abuse history even if they don't have suicidal ideation. The cognitive intervention for suicidal ideation might be helpful in addition to pharmacological treatment.

From Early Trauma to Cardiovascular Risk Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults.

This study aimed to investigate the connection between childhood abuse history and cardiovascular health indicators among a nationally representative sample of young adults aged 24-32. Using data from waves three and four of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4, 164) multivariate logistic regression was employed to investigate childhood trauma (i.e., childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect) as predictors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity. Results showed that adults who reported history of sexual abuse were 4.3 times more likely to report diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and those who reported childhood physical abuse at wave three had 1.4 times the odds of reporting high cholesterol diagnosis. Although trauma history is often calculated as a composite, some forms of childhood abuse may have greater impacts on cardiovascular risk than others.

Relationships between serotonin 1A receptor DNA methylation, self-reported history of childhood abuse and gray matter volume in major depression.

BACKGROUND: Early life adversity is a risk factor for psychopathology and is associated with epigenetic alterations in the 5-HT1A receptor gene promoter. The 5-HT1A receptor mediates neurotrophic effects, which could affect brain structure and function. We examined relationships between self-reported early childhood abuse, 5-HT1A receptor promoter DNA methylation, and gray matter volume (GMV) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). METHODS: Peripheral DNA methylation of 5-HT1A receptor promoter CpG sites -681 and -1007 was assayed in 50 individuals with MDD, including 18 with a history of childhood abuse. T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was quantified in amygdala, hippocampus, insula, occipital lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and at the voxel level. RESULTS: No relationship was observed between DNA methylation and history of childhood abuse. We observed regional heterogeneity comparing -681 CpG site methylation and GMV (p = 0.014), with a positive relationship to GMV in orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.035). Childhood abuse history was associated with higher GMV considering all ROIs simultaneously (p < 0.01). In whole-brain analyses, childhood abuse history was positively correlated with GMV in multiple clusters, including insula and orbitofrontal cortex (pFWE = 0.005), and negatively in intracalcarine cortex (pFWE = 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Small sample size, childhood trauma assessment instrument used, and assay of peripheral, rather than CNS, methylation. CONCLUSIONS: These cross-sectional findings support hypotheses of 5-HT1A receptor-related neurotrophic effects, and of increased regional GMV as a potential regulatory mechanism in the setting of childhood abuse. Orbitofrontal cortex was uniquely associated with both childhood abuse history and 5-HT1A receptor methylation.

Association between childhood abuse and risk of post-COVID-19 conditions: Results from three large prospective cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: Significant early life adversities, such as childhood sexual and physical/emotional abuse, are associated with risk of poor health outcomes but are understudied risk factors for post-COVID-19 conditions. In this prospective study, we examined the associations between combined exposure to sexual and physical/emotional abuse during childhood with risk of post-COVID-19 conditions in adulthood. Additionally, we explored the extent to which lifestyle, health-related and psychological factors explain this association. METHODS: We used data from three large, ongoing cohorts: Nurses' Health Study (NHS)-II, NHS3, and the Growing Up Today Study. Between April 2020 and November 2021, participants responded to periodic COVID-19 surveys. Participants were included if they responded to a questionnaire about childhood abuse, subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection and responded to questions about post-COVID-19 conditions. Childhood sexual abuse was measured before the COVID-19 pandemic with the Sexual Maltreatment Scale of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale, and physical/emotional abuse was measured with the Physical and Emotional Abuse Subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Post-COVID-19 conditions, defined as COVID-19-related symptoms lasting 4 weeks or longer (e.g., fatigue, dyspnea), were self-reported in the final COVID-19 questionnaire in November 2021. Sexual abuse and physical/emotional abuse were examined separately and jointly in relation to post-COVID-19 conditions. Data on key lifestyle (e.g., cigarette smoking), health-related (e.g., asthma, diabetes), and psychological factors (e.g., depression and anxiety) were obtained. RESULTS: Of 2851 participants, the mean age (range) was 55.8 (22.0-75.0) years; 2789 (97.8 %) were females, and 2750 (96.5 %) were whites. We observed a dose-dependent relationship between severity of childhood abuse and post-COVID conditions (p-trend:<0.0001); participants with severe versus no childhood abuse had a 42 % higher subsequent risk of post-COVID conditions [relative risk (95 % confidence interval): 1.42 (1.25 to 1.61)]. Key lifestyle, health-related, and psychological factors mediated 25.5 % of this association. Both sexual and physical/emotional abuse, were independently associated with post-COVID conditions. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study of 2851 participants, childhood abuse was significantly associated with increased risk of post-COVID conditions. Biological pathways connecting childhood abuse with subsequent risk of post-COVID conditions should be investigated.

Childhood abuse and risk of migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse is associated with an increased risk of migraines. However, the literature on this association is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pooled effect size of the association between childhood abuse and migraines. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: System review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic literature search for studies published until September 20, 2023, was performed using the Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Specifically, original articles reporting the statistical effect size (odds ratio) of the association between childhood abuse and migraines were selected. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots, and sensitivity analysis was used to explore the stability of the pooled results. RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 110,776 participants were included. Individuals with childhood abuse (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI: 1.49, 1.71) were at increased risk of migraine when compared with individuals with no childhood abuse. Of the different types of childhood abuse examined, sexual abuse (OR = 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.43, 2.04), physical abuse (OR = 1.47, 95 % CI: 1.38, 1.56), and emotional abuse (OR = 1.71, 95 % CI: 1.52, 1.93) were associated with an increased risk of migraine. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood abuse increases migraine risk. Multifaceted interventions to curb abuse and related behaviors can effectively reduce migraine risk. However, considering that multiple factors, such as obesity and anxiety, are causatively associated with both childhood abuse and migraines, our findings should be interpreted with caution.

Unwanted Pursuit Behavior Victimization as a Predictor of Engagement in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury.

While prior research has studied associations between child abuse and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), there is limited research assessing unwanted pursuit behavior (UPB) victimization and NSSI. In addition, few studies have assessed the self-reported functions of NSSI among survivors of violence. Among a sample of 18-25-year-old young adults (N = 333), both UPB victimization and child abuse were significantly associated with NSSI frequency. In regression models, UPB victimization was associated with increased use of affect regulation, antidissociation/feeling-generation, self-punishment, and antisuicide functions, while child abuse was associated only with antidissociation/feeling-generation and self-punishment. Affect regulation mediated the association between UPB victimization and NSSI frequency, but not the association between child victimization and NSSI frequency. Implications for research and clinical practice will be discussed.

Childhood abuse and depressive symptoms in adolescents: Affective inhibitory control as a mediator and sensory processing sensitivity as a moderator.

BACKGROUND: It is well documented that childhood abuse increases the likelihood of emotional disorders particularly depressive symptoms. Childhood abuse might disrupt individuals' inhibitory control of emotional stimuli to increase the risk of depressive symptoms, and may differ in individuals' sensory processing sensitivity to the environment. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to examine the associations between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents and test the mediating role of affective inhibitory control and the moderating role of sensory processing sensitivity in the relationship. METHODS: The childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), the highly sensitivity child scale (HSCS) and the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D) were administered to 234 junior school students who underwent the face-word Stroop task during which intraindividual reaction time variability (IIV) was calculated to assess affective inhibitory control. RESULTS: Childhood abuse was positively related to depressive symptoms. In addition, IIV under negative conditions partially mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and depressive symptoms. Sensory processing sensitivity moderated the mediation model, such that poor affective inhibitory control indexed by greater IIV under negative conditions was related to greater depressive symptoms in adolescents with high sensory processing sensitivity, but not in those with low sensory processing sensitivity. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that disrupted affective inhibitory control of negative emotional stimuli serves as a potential mechanism linking childhood abuse with depressive symptoms, and is subjected to adolescent sensory processing sensitivity.

Severe Dissociative Experiences beyond Detachment in a Large Clinical Sample of Inpatients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnostic and Treatment Implications.

INTRODUCTION: The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) contains a dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) characterized by depersonalization and derealization. Yet, there is evidence that dissociative symptoms in PTSD go beyond this kind of detachment dissociation and that some patients present with additional compartmentalization dissociation in the form of auditory-verbal hallucination, amnesia, and identity alteration. METHODS: Hence, in this study, we examined latent profiles of childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), PTSD (Impact-of-Event Scale-Revised), and pathological dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale-Taxon; DES-T) in a large sample of severely traumatized inpatients with PTSD (N = 1,360). RESULTS: Results support a three-class solution of the latent profile analysis with a PTSD class, a dissociative subtype class, and a third class characterized by more complex and more severe dissociative symptoms. Importantly, in our inpatient sample of patients with severe PTSD, the latter class was found to be the most prevalent. Both the exploratory character of our retrospective analysis of clinical routine data and the use of the DES-T limit the generalizability of our findings, which require methodologically more rigorous replication. CONCLUSION: In severe PTSD, dissociative symptoms beyond detachment are highly prevalent. Diagnostic and treatment implications are discussed.

The effects of a defendant's childhood physical abuse on lay support for sentencing: The moderating role of essentialism.

Research suggests that a defendant's history of experiencing childhood abuse, and its effects on their life and later decision-making, may impact public support for a defendant's sentencing, particularly mitigation. However, no existing research has examined how and why sentencing support may vary based on the time period when the abuse occurs during a defendant's childhood. This experiment, using a sample of the U.S. public (N = 400), examines how the age at which a defendant's childhood physical abuse occurs affects lay support for the goals of their sentencing. We hypothesized that participants with higher levels of social and biological trait essentialism would moderate their increased support for more punitive sentencing goals-particularly when a defendant was abused earlier, rather than later, in childhood. Results suggest that social essentialism is associated with increased support for restoration and rehabilitation toward defendants with histories of childhood physical abuse, potentially indicating that the public views the effects of child abuse as more of a social, versus biological, process which may affect support for utilitarian punishment goals.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse: comparison of phase-based treatment and direct trauma-focused treatment.

Background: Policymakers, health insurers, and health care providers are becoming increasingly interested in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA's) when choosing between possible treatment alternatives, as costs for mental health care have been increasing in recent years. Objective: The current study compared the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a phased-based treatment approach that included a preparatory stabilization phase with direct trauma-focused treatment in patients with PTSD and a history of childhood abuse. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted based on data from a randomized controlled trial of 121 patients with PTSD due to childhood abuse. A phase-based treatment (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing [EMDR] therapy preceded by Skills Training in Affect and Interpersonal Regulation [STAIR]; n = 57) was compared with a direct trauma-focused treatment (EMDR therapy only; n = 64). The primary outcome of cost-effectiveness was the proportion of patients with remitted PTSD. Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) were used as the primary outcome measure for cost-utility analysis. Results: Although the results of the cost-effectiveness analyses yielded no statistically significant differences between the two groups, the mean societal costs per patient differed significantly between the STAIR-EMDR and EMDR therapy groups (€19.599 vs. €13.501; M cost differences = €6.098, CI (95%) = [€117; €12.644]). Conclusion: STAIR-EMDR is not cost-effective compared with EMDR-only therapy. Since trauma-focused treatment is less time-consuming, non-trauma-focused phase-based, treatment does not seem to be a viable alternative for the treatment of PTSD due to adverse childhood events.Clinical trial registration: https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/22074, identifier NL5836.

The Link Between Childhood Abuse Experiences and Homeless People's Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study.

Studies report a relatively high prevalence of childhood abuse experiences (CAE) among adult homeless people. Within homeless populations, people with CAE appear to be worse off than homeless people without such experiences. This study compares a broad set of factors influencing the quality of the daily lives of Dutch homeless people with and without CAE. It also examines the extent to which CAE are predictive of the rate of change in these factors 2.5 years after entering the social relief system. Data were used from an observational longitudinal multi-site cohort study following Dutch homeless people 2.5 years after entering the social relief system. The 4 constitutional conditions of the Social Quality Approach (living conditions, interpersonal embeddedness, societal embeddedness and self-regulation) were used to cluster the factors included in this study. Participants were interviewed twice, at baseline (N = 513) and at follow up (N = 378), using a quantitative questionnaire. At baseline and follow-up participants with CAE were more disadvantaged in each of the 4 conditions of social quality, except for societal embeddedness at follow-up. After 2.5 years, on average, all participants improved more or less at a similar rate on almost all factors, with a few exceptions: Significant differential changes over time were found regarding employment status, quality of relationships with family members and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Findings corroborate the broad, detrimental and persistent impact of CAE on the quality of daily lives of homeless people and the need for homelessness services to apply trauma-informed care.

A preliminary examination of the effects of childhood abuse and resilience on pain and physical functioning in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: We examined associations of a self-reported history of childhood abuse with pain and physical functioning in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) awaiting total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We also explored the potential moderating effects of positive childhood experiences (PCEs), an index of resilience, on these associations. METHODS: Prior to TKA, participants with KOA awaiting surgery (N = 239) completed self-report measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), PCEs, pain, and physical functioning. We evaluated associations of pain and physical functioning (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI] and Western Ontario and McMaster University of Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]) based on the experience of ACEs (childhood abuse), with PCEs (childhood happiness and supportive parental care) as potential moderators. RESULTS: Greater exposure to childhood abuse was positively correlated with BPI pain interference as well as WOMAC pain and functioning scores. Additionally, childhood happiness and supportive parental care moderated the positive associations of childhood abuse with pain and physical functioning; though, surprisingly, the adverse effects of childhood abuse on these outcomes were more pronounced among participants with high levels of childhood happiness and supportive parental care. CONCLUSION: Overall, results show an association between a self-reported history of childhood abuse and pain and functioning in patients with KOA awaiting TKA. However, PCEs did not protect against the negative consequences of childhood abuse in our cohort. Further research is needed to validate these associations and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between childhood abuse and PCEs and their potential influences on pain experiences in adults with chronic pain conditions, including KOA.

Transdiagnostic factors in the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the role of childhood abuse and neglect in establishing latent profiles of risk and resilience.

BACKGROUND: Ample studies have focused on the negative consequences of COVID-19 on mental well-being, but fewer have explored the specific role of childhood abuse and neglect in the context of risk and resilience during this unprecedented crisis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify distinct profiles of individuals based on their experiences of childhood abuse and neglect, coping strategies, and psycho-social transdiagnostic risk and protective factors, using a person-centered approach. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A convenience sample of 914 Israelis completed self-report questionnaires during the second wave of COVID-19. METHODS: Latent Profile Analysis was employed based on levels of childhood abuse and neglect, coping strategies, and established factors underpinning risk and resilience in mental health: dissociation, self-criticism, self-efficacy, self-compassion, attachment insecurity, psychological resilience, mentalizing, distress disclosure, psychopathology, and relationship satisfaction. Profiles were compared in COVID-19-related distress and well-being using ANOVAs. RESULTS: A four-profile solution was found to be optimal for describing individuals with different profiles of risk and resilience: "risk" (5.1 %)-individuals with meaningfully high levels of childhood abuse and neglect and dissociation; "vulnerable" (14.2 %)-individuals high in risk factors and low in protective factors; "moderately resilient" (47.6 %)-those with moderate levels of protective and risk factors; "highly resilient" (33.1 %)-individuals high in protective factors and low in risk factors; groups differed in mental well-being and COVID-19-related distress. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the importance of childhood abuse and neglect in differentiating between the two distinct profiles of at-risk individuals. Implications for risk assessment and treatment in the context of potential traumatic stress are discussed.

Hostile Masculinity, Male Peer Support for Violence, and Problematic Anger: Linking Childhood Abuse to Men's Partner Violence Perpetration.

Child abuse and masculinity have been linked to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. However, there is a lack of work examining multiple aspects of masculinity as links between early abuse experiences and men's IPV perpetration. Grounded in notions of gendered power and patriarchy, this study aimed to examine hostile masculinity, male peer support for violence against women, and problematic anger as aspects of masculinity connecting childhood victimization and men's violence against women. Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that childhood adversity was indirectly related to IPV perpetration via the proposed factors. However, various patterns emerged based on the type of childhood abuse experienced. Practice-based implications are offered.

Reliability and validity of the short version of the childhood abuse self report scale in Chinese college students.

BACKGROUND: The reliability and validity of the current scale for measuring childhood abuse in China are worrying. The development of the Short Version of the Childhood Abuse Self Report Scale (CASRS-12) helps to change this situation, but the effectiveness of the tool has not yet been tested in Chinese participants. This study aims to test the reliability and validity of the CASRS­12 in Chinese college students. METHODS: A total of 932 college students were investigated, of whom 418 were investigated for the first time, and only the CASRS­12 was filled out. In the second survey, 514 participants filled out the CASRS­12, Depression Scale, Self-esteem Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale in turn. After 4 weeks, 109 participants were selected for retest. RESULTS: Each item of the CASRS­12 had good discrimination. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 4. 18, RMSEA = 0. 079, CFI = 0. 95, TLI = 0. 94, IFI = 0. 95, NFI = 0. 94) all supported the four-factor structure of the scale, and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 76.05%. Cronbach's α coefficient and retest reliability were 0.86 and 0.65, respectively. Childhood abuse was positively correlated with depression (r = 0. 42, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-0. 33, p < 0.01) and subjective well-being (r=-0. 32, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of CASRS­12 meets the measurement standard and could be used to measure the level of childhood abuse of Chinese college students.

Childhood maltreatment and personality disorders in adolescents and adults with psychotic or non-psychotic disorders.

Introduction: While the attention to personality disorders (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) has grown in recent years, there remains limited understanding of the prevalence and distinctions of PD and CM in clinical populations of Chinese adolescents in comparison to adults. Methods: A total of 1,417 participants were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with either psychotic or non-psychotic disorders in the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their age: adolescents (aged 15-21 years) and adults (aged 22-35 years). PDs were evaluated using a self-reported personality diagnostic questionnaire and a structured clinical interview, while CMs were assessed using the Chinese version of the Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form. Results: When comparing self-reported PD traits and CM between adolescents and adults, differences emerge. Adolescents, particularly in the psychotic disorder group, exhibit more pronounced schizotypal PD traits (p=0.029), and this pattern extends to non-psychotic disorders (p<0.001). Adolescents in the non-psychotic disorder group also report higher levels of emotional abuse (p=0.014), with a notable trend in physical abuse experiences compared to adults (p=0.057). Furthermore, the most prevalent PDs in the clinical sample are avoidant, borderline, and obsessive-compulsive PDs. Among patients with psychotic disorders, adolescents exhibit higher rates of schizoid, schizotypal, and obsessive-compulsive PDs compared to adults. Logistic regression analyses highlight distinct predictors for psychotic and non-psychotic disorders in adolescents and adults. Discussion: The findings emphasize distinct differences in PDs and CMs between adolescent and adult groups, shedding light on their potential roles in psychotic and non-psychotic disorders.

Childhood maltreatment and resting-state network connectivity: The risk-buffering role of positive parenting.

Unraveling the neurobiological foundations of childhood maltreatment is important due to the persistent associations with adverse mental health outcomes. However, the mechanisms through which abuse and neglect disturb resting-state network connectivity remain elusive. Moreover, it remains unclear if positive parenting can mitigate the negative impact of childhood maltreatment on network connectivity. We analyzed a cohort of 194 adolescents and young adults (aged 14-25, 47.42% female) from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN) to investigate the impact of childhood abuse and neglect on resting-state network connectivity. Specifically, we examined the SAN, DMN, FPN, DAN, and VAN over time. We also explored the moderating role of positive parenting. The results showed that childhood abuse was linked to stronger connectivity within the SAN and VAN, as well as between the DMN-DAN, DMN-VAN, DMN-SAN, SAN-DAN, FPN-DAN, SAN-VAN, and VAN-DAN networks about 18 months later. Positive parenting during childhood buffered the negative impact of childhood abuse on network connectivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective effect of positive parenting on network connectivity following childhood abuse. These findings not only highlight the importance of positive parenting but also lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology and resilience mechanisms of childhood maltreatment.

Effects of Subjective Social Status and Self-Esteem in the Association Between Childhood Abuse and Adulthood Anxiety.

Background: Subjective social status influences anxiety, but at present, the mechanism is not fully understood. It has been reported that negative childhood experiences, such as abuse, can influence depressive symptoms through subjective social status and personality traits, such as self-esteem. A similar mechanism is presumed to underlie anxiety symptoms in adulthood. Therefore, we hypothesized that subjective social status and self-esteem are intermediate factors in the indirect effects of childhood abuse on state anxiety in adulthood, and analyzed the indirect effects via these factors using a path analysis. Subjects and Methods: Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, Subjective Social Status, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y questionnaires were administered in a self-report format to 404 adult volunteers from January 2014 to August 2014. In addition, a path analysis was conducted to determine whether subjective social status and self-esteem are associated with the indirect effects of childhood abuse on anxiety symptoms in adulthood. Results: Childhood abuse did not directly affect state anxiety in adulthood, but affected state anxiety via subjective social status and self-esteem. Subjective social status affected state anxiety via self-esteem. This model explained 25.2% of the variation in state anxiety in adult volunteers. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that childhood abuse affects anxiety in adulthood through subjective social status and self-esteem. Therefore, interventions that enhance subjective social status and self-esteem for adults who experienced childhood abuse may help reduce their anxiety.

Familial Abuse During Childhood and Later-Life Health: Exploring the Role of Victim-Perpetrator Relationships.

OBJECTIVES: Childhood abuse has been extensively studied in relation to later-life health, yet relatively little attention has been given to understanding the nuanced dynamics across victim-perpetrator relationships. This study addresses this gap by identifying typologies of familial perpetrators of childhood abuse in a national sample and examining their associations with various health outcomes, including physical and mental health as well as substance abuse. METHODS: We used 2 waves of data from the Midlife in the US Study (n = 6,295, mean age = 46.9 at baseline). The analysis was completed in 3 stages. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we identified subpopulations of victims with distinct familial perpetrator histories. With assigned LCA memberships and propensity score weighting, we investigated the extent to which specific victim-perpetrator relationships are associated with health outcomes measured at baseline and a 10-year follow-up adjusting for other early-life risks. We evaluated whether the observed associations differ across the waves. RESULTS: Parental and sibling abuse commonly co-occur, surpassing the occurrence of single perpetrators. Although minimal health disparities are evident between sibling-only abuse and no/little abuse groups at baseline, parent-only abuse is associated with compromised health outcomes. Severe abuse from both siblings and parents is linked to the most adverse health outcomes. At the follow-up survey, the associations between familiar abuse and health outcomes weakened, particularly for substance abuse. DISCUSSION: This study, delving into family relationships, family violence, and health disparities, provides new evidence to augment our comprehension of the enduring link between childhood abuse and health within the family context.

Social determinants of mental health in major depressive disorder: Umbrella review of 26 meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

There is a growing recognition of the impact of social determinants of mental health (SDoMHs) on people with, or at risk of, developing serious mental illnesses. Yet it is not known how associations of individual SDoMHs with risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) vary and roughly compare with one another. Following PRISMA guidelines, this umbrella review included 26 meta-analyses and systematic reviews that reported odds ratios, effect sizes, and/or pooled prevalence rates of MDD in samples with versus without specified SDoMHs. Childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and neglect; intimate partner violence in females; and food insecurity were significantly associated with increased risk of MDD, with medium effect sizes. Natural disasters, terrorist acts, and military combat during deployment had small-size adverse effects, and homelessness, incarceration, and migration were associated with significantly elevated prevalence of MDD. Conversely, higher levels of parental care were significantly associated with reduced risk of MDD with medium effect sizes. Evidence supports the use of certain interventions at the individual and community level that can reduce the impact of these factors and promote health, although much more research is warranted in this area along with meaningful healthcare and societal policies to accomplish this goal.