Religiosity and alcohol use in adolescents with orofacial cleft: correlational study / Religiosidade e uso de álcool em adolescentes com fissura orofacial: estudo correlacional

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between religiosity and alcohol use among adolescents with orofacial clefts. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed in a Brazilian public and tertiary hospital, between December 2021 and March 2022. Data collection was hybrid, and three instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Durel Religiosity Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. For statistical analysis, the following tests were used: χ2, Fisher's Exact, Mann-Whitney and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, in addition to analyses of linear correlation strength and bivariate logistic regression. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5% (p≤0.05). Results: 370 adolescents participated, with a mean age of 15.2 years (±1.8). Among them, 23 (5.4%) used alcohol riskly or harmfully, being more frequent among male adolescents (p=0.001), those of mixed race (p=0.046), attending high school (p=0.011), with no religion (p<0.001), or who did not attend religious services (p<0.001). Levels of organizational, non-organizational and intrinsic religiosity were significantly lower among adolescents with risky or harmful alcohol use (p=0.005; p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). There was a moderate correlation between risky or harmful alcohol use and non-organizational (r=0.31; p=0.002) and intrinsic (r=0.36; p<0.001) religiosity. Male adolescents (p<0.001; OR=6.58), closest in age to 18 years (p<0.001; OR=1.37), and non-practitioners of religion (p<0.001; OR=6. 48) presented higher odds of risky or harmful alcohol use. Conclusions: Adolescents with higher levels of organizational and intrinsic religiosity used less alcohol, while males, closest in age to 18 years, and non-practitioners of religion presented higher odds of using alcohol riskly or harmfully.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a religiosidade e o uso de álcool em adolescentes com fissura orofacial. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido em um hospital público e terciário brasileiro entre dezembro de 2021 e março de 2022. A coleta de dados foi híbrida, e foram utilizados três instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Religiosidade de Durel e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Para a análise estatística foram empregados os testes: qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, além das análises de forças de correlação linear e de regressão logística bivariada. O nível de significância adotado para todos os testes foi de 5% (p≤0,05). Resultados: Participaram 370 adolescentes, com média de idade de 15,2 anos (±1,8). Entre eles, 23 (5,4%) usavam o álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial. A religiosidade organizacional, não organizacional e a intrínseca foram significativamente menos frequentes entre adolescentes que utilizavam o álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial (p=0,005; p<0,001 e p=0,002, respectivamente). Evidenciou-se correlação moderada entre o uso arriscado ou prejudicial do álcool e a religiosidade não organizacional (r=0,31; p=0,002) e a intrínseca (r=0,36; p<0,001). Apresentaram maiores chances de usar o álcool adolescentes do sexo masculino (p<0,001; odds ratio — OR=6,58), com idade mais próxima aos 18 anos (p<0,001; OR=1,37) e que não praticavam a religião (p<0,001; OR=6,48). Conclusões: Adolescentes com maiores níveis de religiosidade organizacional e intrínseca utilizaram menos frequentemente álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial, enquanto ser homem, possuir idade mais próxima aos 18 anos e não praticar a religião aumentou a chance de utilizar álcool.

Repairing with a warm heart: How medical practitioners cultivate affective relationships with clients.

Healthcare providers are often advised to manage emotions to adhere to professional feeling rules and avoid deep affection for clients, but there are situations where this would not apply. We offer an atypical case of a cleft lip and palate (CLP) treatment program where affectionate medical provider-patient relationships are encouraged. Participant observation in a CLP department, in-depth interviews with the medical team, and public online content from the official WeChat account of the department showed that a meaningful bond was formed through a contextual concordance of moral consideration and professionalism across the organization. Medical practitioners have developed and justified such emotional work at the individual, professional, and organizational levels through three concordant micro-processes: developing the moral deservingness of the patient, instilling moral fulfillment into professionalism, and establishing moral consensus among medical professionals. This study enhances our current understanding of emotional work in healthcare by recognizing the moral consideration of patients and its influence on medical practices and by highlighting the complexities and dynamics of different feeling rules.

Nutrition and diet in children with orofacial clefts in Africa: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The burden of orofacial clefts (OFCs) has declined globally except in sub-Saharan Africa, with a great disease burden in North Africa. Children with OFCs have a high risk of malnutrition, and African countries have some of the highest malnutrition rates. This scoping review assessed the status of research on OFCs and nutrition and feeding among children living in African countries. METHODS: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for conducting scoping reviews. We searched eleven databases for articles on malnutrition and feeding among children with OFCs living in African countries. No restriction was done by type of study or publication date. Books, book chapters, and reviews were excluded. Only publications in English language were included. We extracted information about the publication year, study design, setting, location, participants' age, data collection methods, international collaboration, and funding. We classified articles into studies assessing (1) the impact of nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy on OFCs, (2) the impact of OFCs on malnutrition, (3) feeding problems in children with OFCs, and (4) the impact of nutritional status on OFCs repair outcomes. We calculated frequencies and used bar charts and a map. RESULTS: Out of 208 search results, 36 were duplicates, and 25 eventually fit the inclusion criteria, with 52% retrieved from Google Scholar. About 80% of the studies were from four countries: Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, and Uganda; 72% were hospital-based and 52% were cross-sectional. The most frequent data collection method was clinical examination and questionnaires. Most studies focused on feeding problems in children with OFCs (44%) and the impact of OFCs on malnutrition (32%). International collaboration was observed in six studies, with one study showing South-South collaboration. Only two studies were funded. CONCLUSIONS: There is a predominance of under-funded descriptive research not indexed by international databases. Minimal research has been directed to population-level OFC preventive programs in primary healthcare settings and assessing interventions supporting children with OFCs. A research agenda is needed to prioritize research needs and secure funds to support South-South collaboration to address the nutrition and feeding-related problems associated with OFCs.

Influence of Cleft Lip and Palate on Children's Recorder, Flute, and Clarinet Performance.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether having a cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L) influences the performance of a child on a wind instrument. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: This study was conducted at Asociación San Lucas (Peru), which has a multidisciplinary care program for children with CP ± L. Free recorder lessons are offered to all patients aged 6-8 years. After that, the children can switch to flute, clarinet, violin, viola, or cello. For a fee, children without CP ± L can also participate in the music program. PARTICIPANTS: All children with and without CP ± L who were participating in the music program and were able to play the recorder, flute, or clarinet (N = 43). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantitative and qualitative performance exercises: maximum blowing duration, highest note, lowest note, diminuendo, crescendo, and sound quality. RESULTS: No significant differences in performance were found between children with and without CP ± L. Older children and children with more experience on their instrument demonstrated a significantly longer blowing duration and better sound quality. Within the CP ± L group, those with a satisfactory surgery result had a significantly longer blowing duration than those with a partly satisfactory result (eg, presence of a fistula, palatal surgery revisions, or (need of) pharingoplasty). Furthermore, children with bilateral cleft lip and palate performed diminuendo significantly less smoothly than those with the unilateral type. CONCLUSION: Children with and without CP ± L demonstrated equally good performances on the recorder, flute, and clarinet. Therefore, families and caregivers should not discourage children with CP ± L from learning to play these wind instruments.

Combining genetic and single-cell expression data reveals cell types and novel candidate genes for orofacial clefting.

Non-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is one of the most common birth defects and has a multifactorial etiology. To date, over 45 loci harboring common risk variants have been identified. However, the effector genes at these loci, and the cell types that are affected by risk alleles, remain largely unknown. To address this, we combined genetic data from an nsCL/P genome-wide association study (GWAS) with single-cell RNA sequencing data obtained from the heads of unaffected human embryos. Using the recently developed single-cell disease relevance score (scDRS) approach, we identified two major cell types involved in nsCL/P development, namely the epithelium and the HAND2+ pharyngeal arches (PA). Combining scDRS with co-expression networks and differential gene expression analysis, we prioritized nsCL/P candidate genes, some of which were additionally supported by GWAS data (e.g., CTNND1, PRTG, RPL35A, RAB11FIP1, KRT19). Our results suggest that specific epithelial and PA sub-cell types are involved in nsCL/P development, and harbor a substantial fraction of the genetic risk for nsCL/P.

Most common congenital syndromes with facial asymmetry: A narrative review.

Symmetry is present in various aspects of everyday life. A symmetrical face is considered attractive, whereas a lack of facial symmetry is regarded as a source of functional and aesthetic problems. Most of the people exhibit slight asymmetries, but some of them reveal severe asymmetries. Among patients presenting with severe facial asymmetries, there may be those with congenital defects. Congenital defects may manifest at the time of birth or be a result of birth trauma.One of the most prevalent asymmetrical birth defects is cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Other congenital defects include craniofacial syndromes, such as Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) and Goldenhar syndrome. Among the rare syndromes with facial asymmetries, Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS), PHACE (posterior fossa brain malformation, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, and eye abnormalities) syndrome, plagiocephaly, and Parry-Romberg syndrome are worth noticing. The majority of craniofacial asymmetries require surgery to improve the patient's facial appearance. The treatment is multidisciplinary and long, and the most common procedures involve reparative and regenerative surgeries. The aim of this review was to present the most common congenital defects with facial asymmetry.

The mediating role of life satisfaction in the effect of caregiving burden on mental well-being in parents of children diagnosed with cleft lip/palate.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of caregiving burden on the mental well-being of parents of children with cleft lip/palate, with life satisfaction as a mediator. DESIGN AND METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 347 parents of children with cleft lip/palate. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the parents between March 18 and September 4, 2023. The data collection tools included a sociodemographic data form, the Zarit Burden Interview, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS: It was found that parents with a higher caregiving burden had lower levels of life satisfaction. Additionally, parents with higher life satisfaction reported better mental well-being. The findings indicated that as the caregiving burden increased, the mental well-being of the parents decreased. The results suggest that life satisfaction mitigates the negative impact of caregiving burden on mental well-being. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that life satisfaction plays a significant mediating role in maintaining and supporting parents' mental health. Parents with higher life satisfaction appear to cope better with the challenges posed by caregiving burden, which in turn helps them maintain better mental well-being. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings show that as the caregiving burden increases, both life satisfaction and mental well-being decrease. Therefore, it is crucial to develop practical interventions to support these parents.

Bridging Gaps in Health Literacy for Cleft Lip and Palate: Correspondence.

This is a correspondence on published article on health literacy on cleft lip and cleft palate. Issues on current problem and future directions are discussed.

Patient-Reported Esthetic Outcomes Following Secondary Rhinoplasty in Adult Patients with a Cleft lip and Palate.

OBJECTIVE: Secondary rhinoplasty is a frequently requested revision procedure in patients with a history of cleft lip and palate (CLP). The satisfaction of patients with the esthetic outcome of the procedure has been infrequently studied. DESIGN: Adult patients with CLP who had undergone a secondary rhinoplasty between 2009 and 2019 were identified in a cross-sectional cohort that had filled the FACE-Q rhinoplasty module. The effect of the cleft type and the number and timing of the nasal revision surgeries were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty participants were included, median age of 26 years (range 18-59 years). Nine (23%) participants had a history of bilateral CLP. The median time form the last nasal operation to the study was 4.5 years (range 16 days to 10 years). The participants reported being satisfied with the appearance of the nose (median score 52, interquartile range [IQR] 44-60) but the satisfaction with the appearance of the nostrils (median score 44, IQR 30-64) was below the normative value for the scale. Patients with a history of bilateral CLP reported worse satisfaction across all the aspects of health-related quality of life assessed (P < .05 for all). No association was observed between the age at the first open rhinoplasty and satisfaction with the appearance of the nose or the nostrils. CONCLUSIONS: Following secondary rhinoplasty, adults with CLP are, in general, satisfied with their nose but less so with nostrils. Compared to unilateral CLP, bilateral CLP is associated with a worse health-related quality of life.

Complete Digital Workflow for Manufacturing Presurgical Orthodontic Palatal Plates in Newborns and Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

Deciding on the implementation or modification of steps in daily clinical care is a nuanced process that demands careful evaluation. This is crucial not only for selecting the most appropriate solution but also for achieving the best treatment outcome. Thus, implementing a workflow for treating cleft lip and/or palate patients with a presurgical orthodontic cleft-covering plate needs to consider objective factors, prioritized from most to least important: safety and quality level, user-friendliness, feasibility, and, finally, efficiency and cost. The goal of this workflow is to integrate CAD/CAM technologies into daily clinical routine to enhance technical and clinical efficiency, reduce the burden of cleft care, and simplify the implementation of these technologies in other facilities. To achieve this, a methodology based on intraoral scanning and additive manufacturing is employed to produce patient-specific passive palatal plates. The approach describes possible pitfalls and their resolution within the routine of a cleft centre, along with an exemplary case scenario. Comparative analysis between the digital workflow and the conventional process demonstrated the digital approach to be safer, higher in quality, more user-friendly, feasible, and cost- and time-effective than the conventional process.

The impact of surgical technique and cleft width on the rate of secondary surgery and velopharyngeal function in children with UCLP at 5 years of age.

Several factors may influence speech outcome and the rate of secondary palatal surgery in patients with cleft palate. The aim of this study was to evaluate different types of intra-velar veloplasty within an otherwise uniform surgical protocol. The impact of cleft width and the surgeon's experience on outcome measurements was examined. This cross-sectional study included 62 individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate born in 2000-2015. Based on the surgical technique used, they were divided into three groups. The cleft width was measured on dental casts. Blinded speech and language pathologists assessed velopharyngeal function with the composite score for velopharyngeal competence (VPC-Sum) for single words. They rated velopharyngeal function on a three-point scale (VPC-R) in sentences. Target consonants in words were phonetically transcribed. The percentage of correct consonants (PCC) was calculated. Surgical technique was not associated with any outcome. Cleft width was associated with the rate of secondary palatal surgery (OR 1.141, 95% CI 1.021-1.275, p = .020) and velopharyngeal insufficiency when using VPC-R (OR 2.700, 95% CI 1.053-6.919, p = .039) but not when using VPC-Sum (OR 1.985, 95% CI.845-4.662, p = .116). PCC was not associated with cleft width and did not differ between surgical techniques. Radical muscle dissection did not exhibit superiority over intra-velar veloplasty reinforced by the palatopharyngeal muscle. Follow-ups at later ages with larger groups will be necessary to evaluate and compare surgical techniques accurately. Cleft width had a greater impact on the rate of secondary surgery and velopharyngeal function than surgical technique, but neither affected the PCC.

Perception, attitude, and opinion of parents of cleft lip and palate patients treated with nasoalveolar molding (NAM): A cross-sectional questionnaire study.

BACKGROUND: The main goal of the nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is to mitigate the initial severity of the cleft, facilitating the subsequent surgical procedures. Nevertheless, the use of the appliance entails high stress levels for families. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions, attitudes, and opinions of parents whose cleft-affected children underwent treatment using the NAM technique. DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on a cohort of relatives of infants born with cleft lip and palate who were treated with the NAM appliance. The parents completed a 59-item questionnaire that had been previously validated. RESULTS: The initial cohort consisted of 104 families. The level of satisfaction was high, and there was a direct correlation with early diagnosis. Satisfaction levels varied depending on the cleft type, with a decrease in cases of bilateral presentation. Satisfaction was influenced by the newborns' adaptation and the absence of complications. Parents who exhibited lower levels of satisfaction contemplated terminating the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Parents expressed high satisfaction with NAM treatment, due to effective management and understanding. Bilateral clefts and delayed diagnosis can significantly impact satisfaction. These results emphasize the importance of personalized approaches to address challenges in NAM treatment, particularly in instances of bilateral clefts and delayed diagnoses.

Do Tunisian children with unilateral cleft lip and palate differ from normal individuals in dental maturity? A pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital malformation of the head and neck. Children with CLP often exhibit dental anomalies. AIM: To evaluate the dental age (DA) of unilateral CLP in Tunisian children. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the department of pediatric dentistry at the University Hospital La Rabta, Tunis. Patients aged between 5 and 14 years, with no other congenital anomalies or syndromes in the craniofacial region other than CLP, were included. The patients' chronological ages were first calculated in years and months. DA was assessed in panoramic radiographs using Demirjian's method. The score of each stage is allocated, and the sum of the scores provides an evaluation of the subject's dental maturity. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were included in the present study. No difference was observed between the two groups regarding the dental age. A strong and positive correlation between the DA and the chronological age in the two groups was observed (r=0.826). Estimated regression showed that chronological age alone explained 57,4% (r2=0.574) of the dental age variation in the study group and 64.5% (r2=0.645) in the control group. CONCLUSION: For dental management, CLP children should have the same approach in orthodontics and pediatric dentistry as individuals without clefts, with a focus on the individualization of diagnosis and treatment planning.

The Kumagai Method: Feeding Techniques Using the Pigeon Baby Cleft Palate Bottle.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the P-bottle feeding techniques systematically organized by Ms. Kumagai, an expert in nursing care for children with a cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), which were developed as she gained expertise in feeding affected children. METHODS: We recruited three nurses who had mastered the Kumagai method for feeding with a P-bottle. Through analysis of participants' voices and videos during interviews, we focused on aspects such as dealing with a closed mouth, inserting the nipple in cases of unilateral and bilateral CLP, dealing with the child's movements after insertion, and key considerations when squeezing the bottle. RESULTS: The interview analyses revealed numerous techniques used by nurses to manage the difficulties encountered while feeding children, ensuring successful provision of nourishment. Specifically, the nurses employed techniques such as placing the nipple along the midline of the child's tongue and varying the application of force on the nipple depending on the cleft type. The nurses reported that the objectives of these techniques were to prevent ulcer formation and encourage the use of the tongue, simulating original feeding movements. CONCLUSIONS: We explored feeding techniques and the management of associated challenges. Our results suggest that the "Kumagai Method" could be valuable in improving feeding practices.

Surgical Correction of Secondary Bilateral Cleft lip and Nasal Deformities Using the Delaire-Precious Technique.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the surgical correction of secondary bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformities using the Delaire-Precious technique for Asian patients with bilateral cleft lip +/- palate (BCL+/-P). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Thirty-six patients with BCL+/-P in Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam underwent secondary lip correction using the Delaire-Precious technique by a single surgeon. METHODS: The critical concepts of this surgical technique are discussed and clarified. A patient/parent satisfaction survey was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of this technique. RESULTS: The Delaire-Precious technique improves Cupid's bow's symmetry and the central tubercule's volume. The scar tissue between lateral and medial philtrum incisions is excised. The orbicularis oris muscle is then reconstructed with a midline suture placed above the periosteum of the premaxilla. Most patients (90.9%) and all parents were at satisfied with the surgical result. The technique was highly satisfactory to patients and parents except at the level of scar correction. CONCLUSION: The secondary bilateral cleft lip and nasal repair using the Delaire-Precious technique is an adaptable technique that can be applied to various ethnic groups. It was found to be a satisfactory technique for Asian patients with BCL+/-P.

Central Auditory Processing Abilities in Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate: An Electrophysiological Study.

BACKGROUND: The present study compared the central auditory processing abilities using electrophysiological tests in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and their age-matched control group. METHOD: Thirty children aged 7 to 15 years were recruited for the study. Participants were divided into 2 groups. The clinical group (children with NSCLP) comprised 15 children, while the control group (craniofacially typical peers) comprised 15 children with normal hearing sensitivity and auditory processing skills. Electrophysiological tests, including auditory brainstem responses (ABR), binaural interaction component (BIC) of ABR, auditory late latency responses (ALLR), and P300 were assessed. RESULTS: The results showed deviant responses in ABR, BIC, and ALLR in children with NSCLP compared to craniofacially typical counterparts. However, no significant difference was observed in P300 between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Children with NSCLP may be at a higher risk of central auditory processing disorder due to their abnormal neural transmission in the auditory nervous system. Also, assessing auditory processing abilities in children with NSCLP should include electrophysiological tests in the test battery for additional information regarding neural transmission.

Distribution of Immunomodulation, Protection and Regeneration Factors in Cleft-Affected Bone and Cartilage.

BACKGROUND: Craniofacial clefts can form a significant defect within bone and cartilage, which can negatively affect tissue homeostasis and the remodeling process. Multiple proteins can affect supportive tissue growth, while also regulating local immune response and tissue protection. Some of these factors, like galectin-10 (Gal-10), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells protein 65 (NF-κB p65), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and 70 (HSP70) and cathelicidin (LL-37), have not been well studied in cleft-affected supportive tissue, while more known tissue regeneration regulators like type I collagen (Col-I) and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP-2/4) have not been assessed jointly with immunomodulation and protective proteins. Information about the presence and interaction of these proteins in cleft-affected supportive tissue could be helpful in developing biomaterials and improving cleft treatment. METHODS: Two control groups and two cleft patient groups for bone tissue and cartilage, respectively, were organized with five patients in each group. Immunohistochemistry with the semiquantitative counting method was implemented to determine Gal-10-, NF-κB p65-, HSP60-, HSP70-, LL-37-, Col-I- and BMP-2/4-positive cells within the tissue. RESULTS: Factor-positive cells were identified in each study group. Multiple statistically significant correlations were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in HSP70-positive chondrocytes in cleft patients could indicate that HSP70 might be reacting to stressors caused by the local tissue defect. A significant increase in Col-I-positive osteocytes in cleft patients might indicate increased bone remodeling and osteocyte activity due to the presence of a cleft. Correlations between factors indicate notable differences in molecular interactions within each group.

Relationship Between Oral Hypofunction and Nutritional Status in Patients Treated With Maxillofacial Prostheses.

Introduction Patients who have jaw or tongue defects owing to head and neck cancer or congenital disease suffer from oral dysfunction such as speech, swallowing, and mastication. Although maxillofacial prostheses are applied to improve oral functions, their oral functions remain compromised compared to those of patients without jaw or tongue defects. On the other hand, it has been reported that oral hypofunction could lead to malnutrition in the general elderly. However, to date, no reports have evaluated the relationship between oral function and nutritional status in patients with maxillofacial prostheses. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated oral function according to the examination items for oral hypofunction. We assessed which functions were related to nutritional status in patients with jaw defects caused by tumors or congenital diseases who are candidates for maxillofacial prosthetic treatment. Methods Patients who underwent prosthetic treatment at the Department of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Aichi-Gakuin University Dental Hospital, between May 2021 and January 2024 and who were doing well were included in the study. Oral function was assessed with seven tests according to the criteria of the Japanese Society of Geriatric Dentistry, and nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF). Patients were classified according to age and type of deficiency. Additionally, the presence or absence of oral hypofunction and malnutrition or risk of malnutrition were assessed. The impact of oral hypofunction tests and defect status on the risk of malnutrition was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results Oral hypofunction and malnutrition or risk of malnutrition were more frequent in the elderly group by age. Regarding the type of defect, the rate of oral hypofunction and malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was highest in the tongue defect group. Results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that nutritional status was associated with tongue deficiency, tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, and swallowing function. Conclusion The nutritional status of maxillofacial prosthetic wearers was associated with oral hypofunction. Particularly, malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were increased with tongue defects and deficiencies in tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, and swallowing.

Spanish Terms for Cleft Lip Within the United States.

To examine Spanish terms used for "cleft lip" within the United States. Perceived acceptability of these terms was also considered.An online survey was distributed to Spanish-speaking medical interpreters, clinicians, and parents of children with cleft lip. Survey questions probed demographics, language use, preferred term for "cleft lip," and perceived acceptability of terms for cleft lip.There were 158 respondents. Significant differences were observed with profession (P < .001) as 62.5% of medical providers used labio hendido, while 71.8% of interpreters preferred labio leporino. Perceived acceptability of terms was consistent with the term use patterns reported by respondent groups. Significant differences were also observed with geographical region (P = .001) as 90% of respondents from the Northeast United States employed labio leporino, compared to 60% to 70% of respondents from other regions.Selection and perception of Spanish terms for "cleft lip" may differ across regions and professions. Cleft teams should invite stakeholders to discuss what terms best suit their community.

Behavioral Correlates of Caregiver-Reported Oral Health of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate Ages 14 to 48 Months: An Observational Study.

To identify behaviors associated with poor caregiver-reported oral health in a population of young children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L).Observational cross-sectional study.U.S. Cleft Outcomes Research NETwork (CORNET) Consortium.Eight hundred thirty-four caregivers of US children with CP ± L ages 14 to 48 months who provided demographic and medical information and answered 8 items on oral health behaviors (eg, sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency, having a regular source of dental care, toothbrushing, and fluoride exposure).Caregiver-reported oral health status of the child (poor/fair vs good/very good). Logistic regression models were used to generate confounder-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and evaluate associations between oral health behaviors and caregiver-reported oral health status of the child.The mean age of children was 25.5 ± 7.5 months, 82.7% were white, and 24.1% were Hispanic/Latino. About 16.7% of caregivers reported their child's oral health as fair/poor. Children consuming 2+ servings of juice and/or sugar-sweetened beverages daily (OR: 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 4.0; P = 0.011), those drinking bottled water (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.1; P = 0.049), and those consuming 1+ servings of meal replacement drinks daily (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.2, 6.5; P = 0.015) had increased odds of fair/poor caregiver-reported child oral health.Sugar-sweetened beverages and meal replacement drinks, as well as bottled water intake, were associated with poorer caregiver-reported oral health for children with CP ± L. Future research should focus on ways to improve beverage-related behaviors in children with CP ± L to prevent dental diseases and promote oral health.