Dysfunctional personality beliefs and psychopathology in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.

OBJECTIVES: To assess dysfunctional personality beliefs associated with specific personality disorders (PD), as well as psychopathological symptoms and psychological distress levels in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included acute and chronic CSC patients and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Dysfunctional personality beliefs and psychopathological symptoms assessed with Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form and Symptom Check List-90 Revised (SCL-90-R), respectively, were compared between CSC patients and healthy volunteers and between acute and chronic CSC patients. MAIN RESULTS: Of the 55 CSC patients included in the study analysis, 21 (38.2%) had acute and 34 (61.8%) chronic CSC. Avoidant PD (13.92±3.79 vs. 12.03±3.98, P=0.012) and obsessive-compulsive PD (13.94±3.95 vs. 12.27±3.75, P=0.025) scores on the PBQ-SF were significantly higher in CSC patients than in healthy volunteers. The PBQ-SF scores were similar between acute and chronic CSC patients. CSC patients scored significantly higher on the general severity index (GSI) and all symptom dimensions except phobic anxiety and psychoticism on the SCL-90-R. In addition, scores for obsessive-compulsive, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, and GSI were significantly higher in acute than in chronic CSC patients. CONCLUSIONS: This first study investigating the relationship between CSC and dysfunctional personality beliefs indicates that CSC patients have higher levels of dysfunctional beliefs related to avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD than healthy volunteers. These findings present a new aspect of the personality profile of CSC patients and point to a target for intervention, i.e., dysfunctional beliefs, through a cognitive-psychiatric approach.

[Theoretical and clinical implications of trauma]. / Le concept de traumatisme et ses conséquences théoriques et cliniques.

Usually, trauma is defined as exposure to an event that threatens death or induces serious injury or sexual violence. Beyond post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma may increase the risk for severe mental disorders including mood disorders and psychotic disorder. PTSD, following exposure to a traumatic event, is strongly linked to dissociation. However, in contrast convergent findings indicated that, despite the relationship between peri-traumatic dissociation and later PTSD, many people who develop PTSD do not display dissociative responses in the acute phase after the event. Several risk factors are described for PTSD including previous history of traumatic event, previous mental disorders, genetic factors and gender. It is now proposed to distinguish PTSD with or without dissociative symptoms with some specific neural signature for each syndrome. Dissociation may also lead to change in cultural belief and worldview. According to the terror management theory (TMT), it is suggested that cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships work together to protect individuals from death anxiety. The trauma, by disrupting this anxiety buffering system, contributes to change beliefs in victims and exposes them to a feeling of social exclusion.

Title: Le concept de traumatisme et ses conséquences théoriques et cliniques. Abstract: Le traumatisme, conçu comme un choc violent, imprévu et qui expose l'individu à sa propre mort, est pourvoyeur de nombreuses pathologies. Dans ce travail, nous discutons principalement le trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT), ses spécificités cliniques en fonction du type de traumatisme ainsi que son rapport étroit avec la notion de dissociation. Le traumatisme, par sa violence, bouleverse totalement les croyances fondamentales de l'individu sur les autres, le monde et son rapport à la mort.

[Does a short telemedicine-based CBT programme for insomnia lead to changes in dysfunctional beliefs about sleep?] / Un programme court de TCCi en groupe par visioconférence dans l'insomnie modifie-t-il les croyances erronées ?

INTRODUCTION: The Morphee Sleep network runs a short group CBT programme. During the pandemic, the programme was administered by videoconference. The programme focuses on behavioral modification. The objective of our study was to evaluate whether the videoconference programme produced changes in dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and whether these changes were linked to improvements in insomnia. METHODS: Observational study of 3×90minute sessions of group CBT by videoconference over one month delivered by experienced psychologists. The outcome measures : insomnia severity scale (ISI), dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep short version (DBAS 16), hospital anxiety and depression scale (subscales depression HADD and anxiety HADA), and epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) completed before session 1 and at the end of session 3. The effectiveness of the programme on insomnia was evaluated by the decrease in the ISI score : full response R+ (>7 points), partial response, R- (4 - 6 points) non response, NR (<3 points). The effect on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep were measured by the decrease in the DBAS 16 with response CR (>9 points) and no response CNR (<9 points). RESULTS: There were fifty-five participants, 64 % women with a mean age of 49.1±16.1 years. The DBAS 16 was reduced by 6.12±1.29 to 5.09±1.57 (P< 0.0001) with 67 % of participants showing a response CR. The ISI score reduced from 17.7±3.6 to 14.0±4.9 (P< 0.0001) with 49 % showing at least a partial response (R+ and R-). A significant correlation (0.327, P=0.015) between the CBT response and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep was observed with a significant reduction in the DBAS 16 between responders R+ and non-responders (R+ vs. NR 1.67±1.3 vs. 0.57±1.28 P=0.012). Seventy-nine of R+ showed improvements in the DBAS 16 vs. 69 % of R- and 61 % of non-responders NR. CONCLUSION: A short group CBT programme by videoconference focused on behavioral modification can reduce dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.

The metacognitive link between co-occurring intra- and interpersonal symptoms in major depression.

OBJECTIVES: Co-occurring symptoms in depressed people currently in a relationship are sometimes considered to be due to interpersonal variables like dyadic adjustment, or intrapersonal factors such as a lack of dispositional mindfulness. Recent theories of emotional distress have, however, proposed that metacognitive beliefs could be a better link between these frequently co-occurring symptoms in major depression. METHODS: In a French sample of depressed inpatients currently in a relationship (n=30), we conducted a mediation analysis to assess whether the score of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 mediated the relation between on the one side the Beck depression inventory and on the other side the dyadic adjustment scale, the Beck anxiety inventory, and the five facets mindfulness questionnaire. RESULTS: By using a multiple linear regression and the Sobel test, we found that the Metacognitions Questionnaire fully mediated the association of depression severity with both anxiety and the affectionate expression of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and partially mediated that of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire with depression severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results obtained in a clinical sample gave support for the mediating role of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs on some aspects of depressive symptomatology, as well as the likely metacognitive nature of important dispositional mindfulness facets. Limitations of this study are discussed, including its cross-sectional design as well as its sample size.

The role of experience in parenting beliefs of British and Italian women during pregnancy.

To understand the role of experience in parenting beliefs about caring for infants, we examined the parenting beliefs of pregnant women who were expecting their first child with those of pregnant women who already had at least one other child. A culturally diverse sample of 550 British and Italian women completed self-report measures evaluating their beliefs about the value of attunement and structure in caregiving, parenting self-efficacy, and home chaos. Psychometric evaluation confirmed the two-factor structure of the Baby Care Questionnaire (BCQ) for measuring attunement and structure but did not support configural invariance across the different samples. Beliefs about attunement and structure were related to parenting experience: pregnant women who already had at least one other child reported stronger beliefs in attunement, whereas pregnant women expecting their first child reported stronger beliefs in structure. Regression analyses revealed that the associations between parenting beliefs and experience remained when controlling for country, age, and education. Despite the limitations imposed by the lack of configural invariance, this cross-sectional, cross-cultural study constitutes an important first step in examining the relations between parenting experience and parenting beliefs during pregnancy.

Para comprender el papel de la experiencia en las creencias de crianza sobre el cuidado de los infantes, examinamos las creencias de crianza de mujeres embarazadas que esperaban su primer niño con aquellas de mujeres embarazadas que ya tenían por lo menos otro niño. Un grupo muestra culturalmente diverso de quinientas cincuenta mujeres británicas e italianas completó medidas auto reportadas de evaluación de sus creencias acerca del valor de la coordinación armónica y la estructura en cuanto al cuidado, la auto efectividad de la crianza, así como el caos en casa. La evaluación sicométrica confirmó la estructura de dos factores del Cuestionario de Cuidado del Bebé (BCQ: Winstanley y Gattis, 2013) para medir la coordinación armónica y la estructura, pero no apoyó la invariabilidad configuracional a través de los diferentes grupos muestra. Las creencias acerca de la coordinación armónica y la estructura se relacionaron con la experiencia de la crianza: las mujeres embarazadas que ya tenían por lo menos otro niño reportaron creencias más fuertes en cuanto a la coordinación armónica, mientras que las mujeres embarazadas que esperaban su primer niño reportaron creencias más fuertes en cuanto a la estructura. Los análisis de regresión revelaron que las asociaciones entre las creencias de crianza y la experiencia se mantenían siendo las mismas cuando se usaron los controles referentes a país, edad y educación. A pesar de las limitaciones impuestas por la falta de la invariabilidad configuracional, este estudio interseccional constituye un importante paso en el examen de las relaciones entre la experiencia de crianza y las creencias sobre la crianza durante el embarazo.

Afin de comprendre le rôle de l'expérience dans les croyances de parentalité sur la manière de prendre soin des bébés, nous avons examiné les croyances de parentalité de femmes enceintes qui attendaient leur premier enfant avec celles de femmes enceintes ayant déjà eu au moins un enfant. Un échantillon culturellement divers de cinq cent cinquante femmes britanniques et italiennes ont rempli des mesures auto-rapportées évaluant leurs croyances concernant la valeur de l'harmonisation et de la structure dans les soins à l'enfant, l'auto-efficacité de parentalité, et le chaos à domicile. L'évaluation psychométrique a confirmé la structure à deux facteurs du Questionnaire du Soin au Bébé (abrégé BCQ en anglais; Winstanley & Gattis, 2013) pour la mesure de l'harmonisation et de la structure mais n'a pas soutenu l'invariance de configuration au travers des différents échantillons. Les croyances sur l'harmonisation et la structure étaient liées à l'expérience de parentalité: les femmes enceintes qui avaient déjà eu un enfant ont fait état de croyances plus fortes dans l'harmonisation, alors que les femmes enceintes attendant leur premier enfant ont fait état de croyances plus fortes dans la structure. Des analyses de régression ont révélé que les liens entre les croyances de parentalité et l'expérience demeuraient quand on contrôlait pour le pays, l'âge et l'éducation. En dépit des limitations imposées par le manque d'invariance de configuration, cette étude transversale et multiculturelle constitue une étape importante dans l'examen des relations entre l'expérience de parentalité et les croyances de parentalité durant la grossesse.

[Attitude and beliefs of healthcare workers toward influenza vaccination in Internal Medicine: A cross-sectional survey]. / Attitude et croyances du personnel soignant en Médecine Interne vis-à-vis de la vaccination antigrippale saisonnière : étude transversale descriptive.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of vaccination in HCWs in France remains low. We aimed to analyze the attitude and beliefs of HCWs toward influenza vaccination in Internal Medicine wards. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of HCWs in the departments of Internal Medicine of two tertiary hospitals in France. An anonymous questionnaire designed for this study was used to collect demographic, health beliefs and attitudes, and medical knowledge related to the influenza and influenza vaccine. The survey started shortly prior the 2019 influenza season. RESULTS: The surveys were completed by 158 (29[18-62] years-old ; 75.9% female ; 69.6% non-medical workers) of 187 (84.5%) HCWs. Overall, influenza vaccination coverage rate was 50.6% (n=80/158). Higher vaccination coverage was found in physician and in HCWs who had a better knowledge about the virus transmission. The reason to fulfill vaccination recommendations was to protect the patients, their relatives and themselves for more than 80% of HCWs compliant to vaccination recommendation. More than a third of HCWs (n=59/158; 37.3%) refused to be vaccinated or hesitated. Among them, 12 (12/59, 20.3%) believed that influenza vaccine could cause flu. The main reasons for reluctant HCWs to eventually accept to be vaccinated were a mandatory vaccination program and the demonstration of a better vaccine efficacy to prevent the disease. CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs in Internal Medicine remains low. Education campaigns targeting in priority nurses and nurse assistants is mandatory to improve the compliance of HCWs to vaccination recommendation.

[Perinatal beliefs: Neurocognitive mechanisms and cultural specificities]. / Croyances périnatales : mécanismes neurocognitifs et spécificités culturelles.

Perinatal beliefs contribute to the experience of pregnancy and the process of parenthood. Many of these perinatal beliefs have been perpetuated and evolved over time and throughout the world, exerting their influence on the behavior of pregnant women in interaction with medical recommendations. These beliefs generally offer explanations for gravidic and puerperal phenomena, helping to reduce the uncertainty of parents faced with the biological, psychological and social transitions of pregnancy. But certain beliefs can also be harmful, and alter the maternal experience of pregnancy and postpartum. In this paper, we provide an overview of the beliefs associated with the perinatal period. We successively detail the beliefs concerning fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, specifying the cultural beliefs from other cultures interacting with medical recommendations. Finally, we propose a neurocognitive model of perinatal beliefs generation, and we show the need to know these beliefs to improve care in midwifery, obstetrics, and fetal medicine.

[The predictive mind: An introduction to Bayesian Brain Theory]. / L'esprit predictif : introduction à la théorie du cerveau bayésien.

The question of how the mind works is at the heart of cognitive science. It aims to understand and explain the complex processes underlying perception, decision-making and learning, three fundamental areas of cognition. Bayesian Brain Theory, a computational approach derived from the principles of Predictive Processing (PP), offers a mechanistic and mathematical formulation of these cognitive processes. This theory assumes that the brain encodes beliefs (probabilistic states) to generate predictions about sensory input, then uses prediction errors to update its beliefs. In this paper, we present an introduction to the fundamentals of Bayesian Brain Theory. We show how this innovative theory hybridizes concepts inherited from the philosophy of mind and experimental data from neuroscience, and how it translates complex cognitive processes such as perception, action, emotion, or belief, or even the psychiatric symptomatology.

[Belief updating and mood congruence in depressive disorder]. / Mise à jour des croyances et congruence à l'humeur dans le trouble dépressif.

Depressive disorder is characterized by a polymorphic symptomatology associating emotional, cognitive and behavioral disturbances. One of the most specific symptoms is negative beliefs, called congruent to mood. Despite the importance of these beliefs in the development, the maintenance, and the recurrence of depressive episodes, little is known about the processes underlying the generation of depressive beliefs. In this paper, we detail the link between belief updating mechanisms and the genesis of depressive beliefs. We show how depression alters information processing, generating cognitive immunization when processing positive information, affective updating bias related to the valence of belief and prediction error, and difficultie to disengage from negative information. We suggest that disruption of belief-updating mechanisms forms the basis of belief-mood congruence in depression.

[Ketamine Augmented Psychotherapy (KAP) in mood disorder: User guide]. / Psychothérapie augmentée par la kétamine (KAP) dans les troubles de l'humeur : mode d'emploi.

Ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, is used as a fast-acting antidepressant therapy in depressive disorders. This treatment provokes dissociative effects associating derealization and depersonalization, and a synaptogenic signaling cascade promoting brain plasticity. Despite several preliminary studies suggesting the usefulness of its combination with psychotherapy, administration of ketamine isn't generally combined with per- and post-infusion psychotherapy protocols in its clinical antidepressant use. However, the phenomenology of psychodysleptic experiences and the synaptogenic effect could potentiate cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBT). In this article, we purpose a practical protocol to Ketamine Augmented Psychotherapy (KAP) synthesizing contemporary data from the literature and our clinical experience. We detail proposals for clinical practice, and propose four important steps for the use of a psychodysleptic molecule for antidepressant purposes: preparation, administration, integration, and prolongation. Finally, we discuss the limits and prospects of this combination in the management of mood disorders.

Connaissances, attitudes et croyances concernant le dépistage du cancer du col utérin dans le District d'Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam au Ghana.

L'étude a été menée dans le district d'Ajumako-Eyan-Essiam (AEED) et visait à évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et croyances des femmes relativement au dépistage du cancer du col utérin. Au Ghana, ce cancer vient au deuxième rang des causes de cancer gynécologique. Dans les études et la pratique clinique effectuées auprès de femmes atteintes de cancer du col utérin, le diagnostic précoce, le traitement et la prévention du cancer sont largement influencés par leurs connaissances et leurs attitudes envers le dépistage. À ce jour, on ne dispose pas d'étude sur ces perceptions chez les femmes dans le district d'AEED. Un devis transversal quantitatif a été utilisé avec une analyse statistique descriptive de données provenant de 240 femmes. Les résultats ont révélé que 61,3 % d'entre elles ne savaient pas quel organe était touché lors d'un cancer du col utérin ou à quel intervalle un suivi était nécessaire après un résultat de test Pap normal; il y aurait donc des lacunes dans les connaissances. Au total, 36 % croyaient que le test de Papanicolaou (test Pap) était effectué une fois pour toutes, et 57,1 % pensaient qu'il était dispendieux, ce qui limite la participation au dépistage. Par peur de l'inconnu, beaucoup de répondantes avaient refusé le dépistage (48,8 %) alors que d'autres croyaient qu'elles n'étaient pas à risque (65,8 %). De plus, bon nombre de femmes (46,7 %) pensaient qu'il n'y avait pas de traitement contre le cancer du col. En conclusion, les connaissances fausses et inadéquates de ces femmes ont influencé leurs attitudes envers le dépistage du cancer.

[«The experienced cattle doctor¼ - a popular science veterinary book of the canton of Grisons from the 19th century]. / «Der erfahrne Rindvieharzt¼ ­ ein ­populärwissenschaftliches Bündner ­Tierarzneibuch aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

INTRODUCTION: The publication of J. J. Wirth's layman's handbook to healthier cattle farming practices in 1842 met with such unexpected demand even beyond the Canton of Grisons, that a second revised and updated edition was published by one of his successors in the charge of -cantonal veterinary officer, J. L. Wallraff, twenty years later. Through the analysis of these two mid-nineteenth century editions, one can observe how farming and herding practices changed in the Grisons, as concerns the developments in veterinary practices by both -professionals and laypersons in the treatment and prevention of injury, illness and disease in livestock. A comparison of the two editions demonstrates what -remarkable advancements in veterinary medicine were made in the mountainous Canton of Grisons in the second half of the 19th century, especially concerning epidemic controls within a short twenty-year span.

INTRODUCTION: On présente, sur la base d'un manuel consacré à la santé du bétail paru en deux éditions dans les Grisons au milieu du 19ème siècle, les changements intervenus dans l'agriculture et l'élevage grisonnais ainsi que les pratiques vétérinaires qui y sont liées, qu'elles soient le fait de profanes ou de vétérinaires. La demande étonnamment élevée quant à l'ouvrage, paru en 1842, du vétérinaire cantonal de Grison J.J. Wirth, et ceci également à l'extérieur du canton, a poussé son successeur, J.L. Wallraff a en faire réaliser une seconde édition revue. Une comparaison entre ces deux éditions montre de façon éclatante les progrès réalisés dans la seconde moitié du 19ème siècle en matière de médecine-vétérinaire dans le canton alpin des Grisons, en particulier en ce qui concerne la lutte contre les épizooties, et ce en l'espace de 20 ans seulement.

"A Touch of Sugar": A Qualitative Study of the Impact of Health Beliefs on Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Among Black Canadian Adults.

OBJECTIVES: Black Canadians have higher rates of diabetes and complications compared with White Canadians. However, research on diabetes self-management in this community is lacking. We conducted a qualitative study to explore diabetes self-management in the Black Canadian community using the lens of the Health Belief Model. METHODS: Forty-three individuals who identify as Black Canadians, living with or caring for a person with diabetes, were recruited. Data were collected through focus groups and interviews, and then analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: We found that participants appreciated they are susceptible to diabetes based on family or peer experiences. Perceived severity is variable for which some believe that diabetes is only a "sugar problem," and the majority highlighted a perceived lack of knowledge about diabetes complications. Perceived benefits to treatment included prolonging life and cleansing one's body. Perceived barriers included lack of culturally appropriate dietary advice, lack of shared decision-making driven by a language barrier and cultural mismatch between patient and provider, socioeconomic status and difficulty navigating and accessing the Canadian health-care system. Peers, family members, churches and online platforms served as the main information sources and cues to action, influencing each of the 4 aforementioned categories. A number of solutions were proposed by the participants to address the barriers from patient, health-care delivery and health advocacy perspectives. CONCLUSIONS: Black Canadians face unique barriers to diabetes self-management, some of which are rooted within health belief systems. Avenues for intervention include peer education through narratives and a renewed focus on providing culturally appropriate care.

[Bayesian brain: Can we model emotion?] / Cerveau bayésien : peut-on modéliser l'émotion ?

Computational modeling builds mathematical models of cognitive phenomena to simulate patterns of perception, decision-making, and belief updating. These models mathematically represent the information processing by combining an anterior probability distribution, a likelihood function and a set of parameters and hyperparameters. Their use popularized the conception of a nervous system functioning as a predictive machine, or "bayesian brain". Applied to psychiatry, these models seek to explain how psychiatric dysfunction may emerge mechanistically. Despite the significance of emotions for cognitive phenomena and for psychiatric disorders, few computational models offer mathematical representations of emotion or incorporate emotional factors into their modeling parameters. We present here some computational hypotheses for the modeling of affective parameters, and we suggest that computational psychiatry would benefit from these modeling parameters.

Attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding medication prescribing for musculoskeletal conditions: a protocol for a national Q-methodology study of Swiss chiropractors.

BACKGROUND: Since 1995, chiropractors in Switzerland have been licensed to prescribe medications for treating musculoskeletal conditions. However, controversy remains over whether or not medication prescribing should be pursued within the chiropractic profession internationally. OBJECTIVE: To assess Swiss chiropractors' attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding their existing medication prescription privileges. METHODS: A Q-methodology approach will be used to collect data for the assessment. In addition, scope expansion and frequency of prescribing by Swiss chiropractors will be queried using a 13-item questionnaire. Recruitment will be conducted by e-mail and all members of the Swiss Chiropractic Association will be eligible to participate. Data will be analyzed using by-person factor analysis and descriptive statistics. DISCUSSION: This will be the first national update on attitudes toward prescribing medications among Swiss chiropractors since 2003, and the first using Q-methodology. The results of this study are important as they will inform future directions and research regarding chiropractic prescription rights.

CONTEXTE: En Suisse, depuis 1995, les chiropraticiens sont autorisés à prescrire des médicaments pour traiter des affections musculosquelettiques. Cependant, la prescription de médicaments par les chiropraticiens à l'échelle internationale fait toujours l'objet d'une controverse. OBJECTIF: Évaluer les attitudes, les croyances et les pratiques des chiropraticiens suisses en ce qui concerne leur droit actuel de prescrire des médicaments. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Une méthodologie Q sera utilisée pour recueillir les données nécessaires à l'étude. En outre, l'élargissement du champ de pratique et la fréquence de prescription chez les chiropraticiens suisses seront étudiés à l'aide d'un questionnaire comprenant 13 questions. Le recrutement sera effectué par courriel et tous les membres de l'Association suisse chiropratique pourront participer à l'étude. Les données seront analysées par une analyse de facteurs personnels et par statistique descriptive. DISCUSSION: Il s'agira de la première mise à jour nationale sur les attitudes des chiropraticiens suisses à l'égard de leur droit de prescrire des médicaments depuis 2003, et la première étude à utiliser la méthode Q. Les résultats sont importants car ils permettront d'éclairer les orientations et les recherches futures sur le droit de prescrire des chiropraticiens.

Addressing clients' sexual health in occupational therapy practice.

BACKGROUND.: Sexuality is an important dimension of one's health and well-being. Studies show that occupational therapists regard clients' sexual health as a legitimate domain of practice but do not adequately address it in their clinical work. PURPOSE.: This study aims to describe occupational therapists' perspectives regarding clients' sexual health. METHOD.: This exploratory study surveyed Canadian occupational therapists using an online questionnaire that collected information on beliefs, knowledge, comfort, barriers, and facilitators with regard to addressing sexuality. Descriptive analysis was conducted on questionnaire data, and content analysis was used to organize respondents' comments. FINDINGS.: While most respondents believed that addressing sexuality was within their scope, few actually did so in practice. Participants reported comfort with sexuality but identified lack of knowledge as a barrier to addressing clients' sexual health. IMPLICATIONS.: This study provided a greater understanding of factors that require consideration for occupational therapists to effectively meet clients' sexual health needs.

Las creencias parentales en el proceso de crianza y sus relaciones con el comportamiento adolescente / As crenças parentais na parentalidade e suas relações com o comportamento do adolescente / Parental beliefs in the parenting process and their relations with adolescent behavior / Les croyances parentales dans le processus parental et leurs relations avec le comportement des adolescents

Resumen Las creencias parentales están integradas estructuralmente en la relación entre padres e hijos y pueden ser consideradas como contribuciones para comprender el desarrollo adolescente. El presente trabajo busca analizar los vínculos entre las creencias parentales y el comportamiento adolescente, para ello se desarrolló una revisión bibliográfica en seis bases de datos, que incluyó 53 estudios en donde se dimensiona la influencia de las creencias parentales en la crianza con adolescentes. En el análisis de datos, se destacaron como "creencias parentales" los siguientes conceptos: las creencias generales sobre los atributos y las experiencias humanas, las expectativas parentales, las percepciones sobre las capacidades de los hijos, los valores y metas parentales, la autoeficacia parental y las creencias sobre el control de las situaciones. Se concluye que las creencias parentales son afectadas por los atributos y las experiencias de los padres, lo que influye en un efecto de cascada sobre el comportamiento adolescente.

Resumo As crenças parentais são estruturalmente integradas na relação pai-filho, o que pode ser considerado como uma contribuição para entender o desenvolvimento do adolescente. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a ligação entre as crenças dos pais e o comportamento dos adolescentes, para o qual realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico em seis bases de dados, incluindo 53 estudos que avaliaram quantitativamente a influência das crenças dos pais nas práticas parentais com filhos adolescentes. Na análise das informações, os seguintes conceitos foram destacados como "crenças dos pais": crenças gerais sobre atributos e experiências humanas, expectativas dos pais, percepções das habilidades das crianças, valores e objetivos dos pais, autoeficácia dos pais e crenças sobre o controle de situações. Como conclusões, se estabeleceu que existem indicadores teóricos apropriados para considerar que as crenças parentais são afetadas pelos atributos e experiências dos pais, influenciando em efeito cascata o comportamento das crianças durante a adolescência.

Abstract Parental beliefs are structurally integrated into the relation between parents and adolescents, and could be considered as contributions to understand adolescent development. The objective of this article is to analyze the links between the beliefs of the parents and the behavior of the adolescents, for which a bibliographical review was performed in six databases, including 53 studies that quantitatively measure the influence of the beliefs of the parents in parenting practices with adolescents. In the analysis of the information, the following concepts were highlighted as "parental beliefs": general beliefs about human attributes and experiences, parent expectations, perceptions of the adolescent abilities, parental values and goals, parental self-efficacy and beliefs about control of the situation. As conclusions, it is established that there are appropriate theoretical indicators to consider that parental beliefs are affected by the attributes and experiences of the parents, influencing in a cascade effect the behavior of the adolescents.

Résumé Les croyances des parents sont structurellement intégrées dans la relation parents-enfants et peuvent être considérées comme des contributions à la compréhension du développement des adolescents. L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les liens entre les croyances parentales et le comportement des adolescents, pour lesquels une revue bibliographique a été développée dans six bases de données, dont 53 études évaluant quantitativement l'influence des croyances parentales sur les pratiques parentales avec les adolescents. Dans l'analyse de l'information, les concepts suivants ont été mis en évidence comme « croyances parentales ¼ : croyances générales sur les attributs et expériences de l'être humain, attentes parentales, perceptions des capacités de l'enfant, valeurs et objectifs parentaux, l'auto-efficacité parentale et les croyances sur le contrôle des situations. En conclusion, il est établi que les attributs et les expériences des parents influent sur les croyances parentales, ce qui a un effet en cascade sur le comportement des adolescents.

The Vietnamese Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire: Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation.

OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) into Vietnamese. METHODS: We followed the guideline by Beaton et al. (2000 & 2007). Stage I: two translators (informed and uninformed) translated the questionnaires. Stage II: the translations were synthesised. Stage III: back translation was performed by two translators fluent in both Vietnamese and English but naïve to the outcome measurement. Stage IV: seven experts reached consensus on the pre-final Vietnamese version (BIPQ-V and BMQ-V). Stage V: field test of the questionnaires on 16 twelve-year-old students and 31 Vietnamese patients. In addition, we determined the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the questionnaires in 34 Vietnamese patients with acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS: All experts agreed that there was semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence between the original and pre-final Vietnamese versions of the BIPQ and BMQ. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the internal consistency were acceptable for the BMQ-V Specific-Necessity (0.64), BMQ-V Specific-Concerns (0.62) and BMQ-V General-Harm (0.60), with the exception of BMQ-V General-Overuse (0.27). Intra-class correlation coefficients of the test-retest reliability were acceptable for the subscales of BMQ-V (range: 0.77-0.86), and BIPQ-V items (range: 0.62-0.85) with the exception of BIPQ-V 1 (0.44, 95% CI -014 to 0.72) and BIPQ-V 4 (0.57, 95% CI 0.22-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: The Vietnamese version of BIPQ and BMQ are reliable tools to assess illness perceptions and beliefs about medicines of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Psychometric properties of these questionnaires should be tested in different patient populations.

OBJECTIF: Traduire en vietnamien et adapter culturellement le Bref Questionnaire sur la Perception de la Maladie (BIPQ) et le Questionnaire sur les Croyances relatives aux Médicaments (BMQ). MÉTHODES: Nous avons suivi les directives de Beaton et al. (2000 et 2007). Etape I: deux traducteurs (informés et non informés) ont traduit les questionnaires. Etape II: les traductions ont été synthétisées. Etape III: une re-traduction a été effectuée par deux traducteurs parlant couramment le vietnamien et l'anglais mais naïfs sur la mesure des résultats. Etape IV: sept experts sont parvenus à un consensus sur la version vietnamienne pré-finale (BIPQ-V et BMQ-V). Etape V: test sur le terrain des questionnaires sur 16 étudiants de 12 ans et 31 patients vietnamiens. En outre, nous avons déterminé la cohérence interne et la fiabilité du test/re-test des questionnaires chez 34 patients vietnamiens atteints de syndrome coronarien aigu. RÉSULTATS: Tous les experts ont convenu qu'il existait une équivalence sémantique, idiomatique, expérientielle et conceptuelle entre les versions originales et pré-finale vietnamiennes du BIPQ et du BMQ. Les coefficients alpha de cohérence interne de Cronbach étaient acceptables pour la nécessité spécifique du BMQ-V (0,64), les préoccupations spécifiques du BMQ-V (0,62) et la nocivité générale du BMQ-V (0,60), à l'exception de la qualité générale du BMQ-V (0,27). Les coefficients de corrélation intra-classe de la fiabilité du test/re-test étaient acceptables pour les sous-échelles de BMQ-V (plage: 0,77-0,86) et les éléments du BIPQ-V (plage: 0,62-0,85) à l'exception du BIPQ-V 1 (0,44; IC95%: −014-0,72) et du BIPQ-V 4 (0,57; IC95%: 0,22-0,81). CONCLUSIONS: Les versions vietnamiennes du BIPQ et du BMQ constituent des outils fiables pour évaluer les perceptions relatives à la maladie et les croyances concernant les médicaments destinés aux patients atteints du syndrome coronarien aigu. Les propriétés psychométriques de ces questionnaires doivent être testées dans différentes populations de patients.

O sofrimento de origem social / The suffering from social origin / El sufrimiento de origen social / La souffrance sociale

Para além dos sofrimentos causados pelas forças da natureza e pela fragilidade do corpo, há aqueles causados no interior das relações sociais em que estamos inseridos desde o início da vida. Os valores que constituem uma cultura operam em sistemas de crenças socialmente partilhados, sendo introjetados pelos sujeitos como ideal do eu. Tanto as crenças como os valores cimentam a organização social e ordenam as relações entre seus integrantes, mas são suscetíveis de sofrer mudanças pela capacidade crítica e inovadora do pensamento, o que Freud chama de trabalho da cultura e de impulso à liberdade, em particular quando voltado para crenças e valores percebidos como causa de sofrimento social. Ocorre então uma reviravolta, em que estes passam a ser entendidos como preconceitos e intolerâncias, animados pelo ódio primário ao diferente, sendo questionados num processo político no interior da sociedade. Isso porque um período de mutação é desestabilizador e desperta reações regressivas violentas, que encontram uma descrição útil na noção de posição ideológica radical, de René Kaës. A conquista da cidadania nas democracias ocidentais, as mudanças no lugar da mulher e a evolução das mentalidades sobre a vida sexual, como a exigência da virgindade e a normatividade estrita sobre as orientações sexuais, ilustram o tema deste artigo.

There are, beyond sufferings that result from the forces of nature and the fragility of the body, those sufferings that are experienced within social relationships of which we have been part since the beginning of our lives. Cultural values operate in systems of beliefs which are socially shared. These values are introjected by subjects as the ego's ideal. Both beliefs and values consolidate social organization and they order relationships among the members of society. These beliefs and values, however, are likely to suffer changes due to the innovative and critical ability to think (i.e. thinking skills) which Freud called the work of culture and the drive to freedom, especially when it comes to beliefs and values that are perceived as the cause of social suffering. And then a turnaround happens: they turn out to be understood as prejudice and intolerance, which are strengthened by the primary hatred of what is different. At this point, they are questioned in a political process within society. This happens because a time of change destabilizes and causes regressive violent reactions, of which one may find a useful description in Rene Kaës's concept of radical ideological position. The achievement of citizenship in Western Democracies, changes in women's place, the evolution of ways of thinking about sexual life as the mandatory virginity and the strict rules about sexual guidance illustrate the subject of this work.

Además de los sufrimientos causados por las fuerzas de la naturaleza y por la fragilidad del cuerpo, existen aquellos causados en el interior de las relaciones sociales en las cuales nos encontramos insertados desde el inicio de nuestras vidas. Los valores que se constituyen en una cultura operan en sistemas de creencias socialmente compartidos, siendo introyectados por los sujetos como ideal del yo. Tanto las creencias como los valores consolidan la organización social y ordenan las relaciones entre sus integrantes, pero son susceptibles a sufrir cambios por la capacidad crítica e innovadora del pensamiento, lo que Freud llama de trabajo de la cultura y de impulso a la libertad, particularmente cuando están dirigidas a las creencias y valores identificados como causa de sufrimiento social. Ocurre entonces un giro en el que pasan a ser entendidas como prejuicios e intolerancias, animadas por el odio primario a lo diferente, siendo cuestionadas en un proceso que es político en el interior de la sociedad. Esto sucede porque un período de mutación es desestabilizador y despierta reacciones regresivas violentas, que encuentran una descripción útil en la noción de posición ideológica radical de René Kaës. La conquista de la ciudadanía en las democracias Occidentales, los cambios en el lugar de la mujer, la evolución de las mentalidades sobre vida sexual como la exigencia de la virginidad y la norma estricta sobre las orientaciones sexuales ilustran el tema de este artículo.

Au-delà des souffrances entrainées par les forces de la nature et par la fragilité du corps, il y a celles produites au sein des rapports sociaux dans lesquels nous sommes insérés depuis le commencement de notre vie. Les valeurs qui se constituent dans une culture agissent dans des systèmes de croyances socialement partagées, dont l'introjection est faite par les sujets en tant qu'un idéal du moi. Aussi bien les croyances que les valeurs cimentent l'organisation sociale et ordonnent les rapports parmi ses éléments constituants, mais elles sont susceptibles de souffrir des changements en raison de la capacité critique et innovatrice de la pensée, ce qui Freud appelle le travail de la culture et l'impulsion vers la liberté, en spécial lorsqu'elles s'adressent à des croyances et à des valeurs entendues comme la cause de la souffrance sociale. Il se passe alors un revirement, où elles commencent à être vues comme des préjugés et des intolérances, animées par la haine primaire contre ce qui est différent, questionnées dans un processus politique au sein de la société. Tout cela est dû au fait qu'une période de mutation est déstabilisante et elle réveille des réactions régressives violentes dont on trouve une description utile dans la notion de position idéologique radicale de Réné Kaës. La conquête de la citoyenneté dans les démocraties Occidentales, les changements du rang de la femme, l'évolution des mentalités concernant la vie sexuelle, telles que l'exigence de la virginité et la normativité stricte sur les orientations sexuelles, illustrent le sujet de cet article.

Contexto físico e sociocultural de uma aldeia indígena "Tembé" na amazônia brasileira / Physical and sociocultural context of "Tembé" indigenous village in brazilian amazonia / Contexto físico y sociocultural de um pueblo indígena "Tembé" en la amazonia brasileña / Contexte physique et socioculturel chez "Tembé", un village autochtone dans l'amazonie brésilienne

O estudo do desenvolvimento humano se faz necessário nos diversos contextos socioculturais, pois a partir dele é possível identificar as variáveis que influenciam no ciclo da vida. O contexto para realização da pesquisa foi a aldeia indígena Tenetehar-Tembé, localizada na Terra Indígena do Alto Rio Guamá (TIARG), na Amazônia brasileira. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, com utilização de instrumentos de observação participante e diário de campo, que permitiram a descrição do contexto físico e social dessa comunidade. Houve a participação do cacique, das lideranças e dos professores indígenas da aldeia Sede. Objetivou-se com este estudo relatar a estruturação física e sociocultural da aldeia Sede, onde residem os Tenetehar-Tembé, à luz da Teoria do Nicho Desenvolvimental, com enfoque no subsistema denominado de Contexto Físico e Social. Os dados coletados foram sistematizados em eixos temáticos para melhor compreensão e análise, a saber: a aldeia como lugar de todos os indígenas; espaço social da aldeia sede; ambientes sagrados da aldeia; e o tempo na aldeia. Tais categorias revelaram o conceito que os indígenas têm sobre ambiente físico e social, do lugar que eles habitam e o respeito que possuem dos lugares sagrados em determinados horários. Práticas que abrangem desde crianças até as pessoas idosas da aldeia, o que exerce influência direta no curso desenvolvimental. Entende-se ser necessário refletir sobre a maneira como os cuidadores tratam suas crianças e no que acreditam ser adequado ao cuidado delas, correlacionando com o ambiente em que são cuidadas, uma vez que essa relação se configura e é construída no meio sociocultural em que estão inseridos.

The study of human development becomes necessary in the different sociocultural contexts, because from there it is possible to identify the variables that influence the cycle of life. The context for the realization of the investigation was the indigenous Tenetehar-Tembé, located on the Indigenous Land of Alto Rio Guamá (TIARG), in the Brazilian Amazon. A qualitative survey was carried out, such as the use of participatory observation instruments and the field diary, which allowed us to describe the physical and social context of this community. There was the participation of the cacique (village chief), of the leaders and the indigenous professors of the Headquarters district. It was aimed here to report the physical and sociocultural structure of the village headquarter, where the Tenetehar-Tembé live, in the light of the Developmental Niche Theory, with an approach in the so-called Physical and Social Context subsystem. The collected data were systematized in thematic areas for better understanding and analysis, namely: the village as a place for all indigenous people; social space of the headquarters village; sacred environments of the village; and the time in the village. These categories have revealed the concept that indigenous peoples have about physical and social environment, the place they inhabit and the respect we have of sacred places in certain hours. Practices that ranges from children to the elderly people in the village which has a direct influence on the developmental course. It is understood to be necessary to reflect on the manner in which caregivers treat their breeding and in what they prove to be appropriate for their care, correlating how the environment in which they are taken care of, once the relationship is configured and is built in the socio-cultural medium in which they are inserted.

El estudio del desarrollo humano es necesario para los distintos contextos socioculturales, porque por él es posible identificar las variables que influyen en el ciclo de la vida. El contexto para realización de la investigación fue el pueblo indígena Tenetahar- Tembé, ubicado en la Tierra Indígena del Alto Río Guamá (TIARG), en la Amazonia brasileña. Una investigación cualitativa fue realizada con la utilización de equipos de observación participante y diario de campo, que permitieron la descripción del contexto físico y social de esa comunidad. Hubo la participación del cacique, de los líderes y de los profesores indígenas del pueblo Sede. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar la estructuración física y sociocultural del pueblo Sede, dónde viven los Tenetahar-Tembé, a la luz de la Teoría del Nicho de Desarrollo, con enfoque en el subsistema nombrado Contexto Físico y Social. Los datos fueron sistematizados en ejes temáticos para mejor comprensión y análisis, es decir: el pueblo como lugar de todos los indígenas; espacio social del pueblo; ambientes sagrados del pueblo; y el tiempo en el pueblo. Estas categorías muestran el concepto que los indígenas tienen sobre ambiente físico y social, del lugar donde viven y el respeto que poseen de los lugares sagrados en determinados horarios. Prácticas que envuelven desde niños hasta los mayores del pueblo influyen directamente el curso del desarrollo. Se entiende ser necesario reflexionar sobre la forma como los cuidadores tratan a sus niños y en qué creen ser adecuado a los cuidados con ellos, relacionando con el ambiente en el que son cuidados, una vez que esa relación se constituye y es construida en el medio sociocultural en que están metidos.

L'étude du développement humain est nécessaire dans plusieurs contextes socioculturels, parce qu'il est possible d'identifier les variables qui influencent le cycle de vie, à partir de ces études. Le contexte dans lequel se déroulait la recherche a été le village autochtone "Tenetehar-Tembé", situé dans le territoire autochtone Alto do Rio Guamá (TIARG), dans l'Amazonie brésilienne. Une recherche qualitative a été réalisée, à l'aide d'outils d'observation et de journaux de terrain, qui ont permit la description du contexte physique et social de cette communauté. Il y a eu la participation du chef tribal, des dirigeants et des enseignants indigènes du village siège. L'objectif de cette étude a été de rendre compte de la structure physique et socioculturelle du village siège, où résident les Tenetehar-Tembé, en utilisant la théorie de la niche développementale, en mettant en relief le sous-système appelé Contexte Physique et Social. Les données collectées ont été systématisées en axes thématiques pour les mieux comprendre et analyser. Les axes sont: le village comme lieu de tous les peuples autochtones; espace social du village siège; environnements sacrés du village; et le temps dans le village. Ces axes ont révélé le concept que les peuples autochtones ont d'environnement physique et social, du lieu où ils habitent et du respect qu'ils ont pour des lieux sacrés à certains moments . Il y a des pratiques qui incluent des enfants jusqu'aux personnes âgées du village. Cela a une influence directe sur le chemin du développement. Il faut, donc, réfléchir à la manière comme les soignants traitent les enfants, bien comme à ce que les soignants pensent être approprié pour eux. C'est important aussi faire une corrélation avec l'environnement où ils sont soignés, puisque cette relation est configurée et construite dans l'environnement socioculturel où ils sont.