[Analysis of urinary stone composition by infrared spectroscopy in the population of the European part of Russia].

INTRODUCTION: Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases, which affect at least 3% of the population. AIM: To study the epidemiology of urolithiasis in the European part of the Russian Federation and to determine the composition of urinary stones in order to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of urinary stones formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary stone were obtained from 2888 patients with urolithiasis and the composition of kidney stones was analyzed using the method of infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The predominance of oxalate stones was seen in kidney stones with mixed composition (83%) and the prevalence of uric acid stones (54%) was revealed in "pure" kidney stones. Urinary stones with a predominance of oxalates had significantly less impurities (12,4%) than stones with a predominance of uric acid, phosphates and carbonates with average amount of impurities more than 24%. Conslusion. The analysis of stone composition with a consideration of pathogenic factor showed that disorders of calcium metabolism in the population of the European part of the Russian Federation prevailed (88%).

Intravascular Lithotripsy for Treatment of Severely Calcified Mesenteric Stenosis.

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is an emerging approach for modification of calcified atherosclerotic plaque. We report 2 cases of IVL used for calcific mesenteric stenosis, one in de novo superior mesenteric artery stenosis and another in celiac artery in-stent restenosis. In both cases, IVL was used successfully, reducing stenosis without any complications. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Massive Myocardial Calcium Deposition: Hardened Heart.

A 25-year-old African-American woman with end-stage renal disease presented with new-onset heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography indicated a significantly hyperechoic myocardium, and computed tomography noted a circumferential hyperattenuated myocardium. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed focal interstitial and intramyocyte calcium deposition in the heart, confirming a rare diagnosis of massive myocardial calcium deposition. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).