Can digital industrialization promote energy conservation development in China? Empirical evidence based on national big data comprehensive pilot zone policy.

Digital industrialization represented by big data provides substantial support for the high-quality development of the digital economy, but its impact on urban energy conservation development requires further research. To this end, based on the panel data of Chinese cities from 2010 to 2019 and taking the establishment of the national big data comprehensive pilot zone (NBDCPZ) as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper explores the impact, mechanism, and spatial spillover effect of digital industrialization represented by big data on urban energy conservation development using the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method. The results show that digital industrialization can help achieve urban energy conservation development, which still holds after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital industrialization impacts urban energy conservation development by driving industrial sector output growth, promoting industrial upgrading, stimulating green technology innovation, and alleviating resource misallocation. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the energy conservation effect of digital industrialization is more significant in the central region, intra-regional demonstration comprehensive pilot zones, large cities, non-resource-based cities, and high-level digital infrastructure cities. Additionally, digital industrialization can promote energy conservation development in neighboring areas through spatial spillover effect. This paper enriches the theoretical framework concerning the relationship between digital industrialization and energy conservation development. The findings have significant implications for achieving the coordinated development of digitalization and conservation.

An efficient secure and energy resilient trust-based system for detection and mitigation of sybil attack detection (SAN).

In the modern digital market flooded by nearly endless cyber-security hazards, sophisticated IDS (intrusion detection systems) can become invaluable in defending against intricate security threats. Sybil-Free Metric-based routing protocol for low power and lossy network (RPL) Trustworthiness Scheme (SF-MRTS) captures the nature of the biggest threat to the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks under the RPL module, known as the Sybil attack. Sybil attacks build a significant security challenge for RPL networks where an attacker can distort at least two hop paths and disrupt network processes. Using such a new way of calculating node reliability, we introduce a cutting-edge approach, evaluating parameters beyond routing metrics like energy conservation and actuality. SF-MRTS works precisely towards achieving a trusted network by introducing such trust metrics on secure paths. Therefore, this may be considered more likely to withstand the attacks because of these security improvements. The simulation function of SF-MRTS clearly shows its concordance with the security risk management features, which are also necessary for the network's performance and stability maintenance. These mechanisms are based on the principles of game theory, and they allocate attractions to the nodes that cooperate while imposing penalties on the nodes that do not. This will be the way to avoid damage to the network, and it will lead to collaboration between the nodes. SF-MRTS is a security technology for emerging industrial Internet of Things (IoT) network attacks. It effectively guaranteed reliability and improved the networks' resilience in different scenarios.

Study on the establishment of air pollutant and carbon emission inventory and collaborative emission reduction potential of China's coking industry from 2012 to 2022.

Coking industry is usually regarded as a high pollution and high energy consumption industry. China is accelerating its efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions in the industrial sector, which has received little attention as the world's largest producer of coke. Therefore, in this study, the trend of air pollution and carbon emissions in China's coking industry and the path of coordinated emission reduction were studied. The results indicate that the average annual emissions of PM, SO2, NOx, VOCs, and CO2 in China's coking industry from 2012 to 2022 amount to 205.98, 69.47, 193.45, 599.80 Gg and 191.10 Tg, respectively. The main sources of PM, SO2, NOx, VOCs and CO2 in coking industry were coal preparation (51.5 %), charge and pushing (39.5 %), coke oven gas (99.8 %), byproduct recovery (47.0 %) and fuel combustion (87.5 %). The emissions from coking plants in central and southern Shanxi, eastern and southern Hebei, and central Shandong are the most concentrated. Ultra-low emission transformation and deep treatment of VOCs have greatly reduced pollutant emissions in key areas of air pollutant control, but the actual emission reduction effect of these measures has been weakened by the additional emissions caused by the increase of coke production in other non-key areas. The research on synergetic emission reduction path shows that there is a great synergistic benefit between air pollutants and CO2 emission reduction in coking industry. It is estimated that the APeq (air pollutants and carbon equivalent) of China's coking industry in 2025, 2028 and 2030 will decrease by 38.2 %, 63.5 % and 70.8 % respectively compared with 2022. With the continuous promotion of pollution reduction and carbon reduction measures, the emission reduction potential of China's coking industry will gradually shift from key areas to non-key areas.

Dual feedback inhibition of ATP-dependent caffeate activation economizes ATP in caffeate-dependent electron bifurcation.

The acetogen Acetobacterium woodii couples caffeate reduction with ferredoxin reduction and NADH oxidation via electron bifurcation, providing additional reduced ferredoxin for energy conservation and cell synthesis. Caffeate is first activated by an acyl-CoA synthetase (CarB), which ligates CoA to caffeate at the expense of ATP. After caffeoyl-CoA is reduced to hydrocaffeoyl-CoA, the CoA moiety in hydrocaffeoyl-CoA could be recycled for caffeoyl-CoA synthesis by an ATP-independent CoA transferase (CarA) to save energy. However, given that CarA and CarB are co-expressed, it was not well understood how ATP could be saved when both two competitive pathways of caffeate activation are present. Here, we reported a dual feedback inhibition of the CarB-mediated caffeate activation by the intermediate hydrocaffeoyl-CoA and the end-product hydrocaffeate. As the product of CarA, hydrocaffeate inhibited CarB-mediated caffeate activation by serving as another substrate of CarB with hydrocaffeoyl-CoA produced. It effectively competed with caffeate even at a concentration much lower than caffeate. Hydrocaffeoyl-CoA formed in this process can also inhibit CarB-mediated caffeate activation. Thus, the dual feedback inhibition of CarB, together with the faster kinetics of CarA, makes the ATP-independent CarA-mediated CoA loop the major route for caffeoyl-CoA synthesis, further saving ATP in the caffeate-dependent electron-bifurcating pathway. A genetic architecture similar to carABC has been found in other anaerobic bacteria, suggesting that the feedback inhibition of acyl-CoA ligases could be a widely employed strategy for ATP conservation in those pathways requiring substrate activation by CoA. IMPORTANCE: This study reports a dual feedback inhibition of caffeoyl-CoA synthetase by two downstream products, hydrocaffeate and hydrocaffeoyl-CoA. It elucidates how such dual feedback inhibition suppresses ATP-dependent caffeoyl-CoA synthesis, hence making the ATP-independent route the main pathway of caffeate activation. This newly discovered mechanism contributes to our current understanding of ATP conservation during the caffeate-dependent electron-bifurcating pathway in the ecologically important acetogen Acetobacterium woodii. Bioinformatic mining of microbial genomes revealed contiguous genes homologous to carABC within the genomes of other anaerobes from various environments, suggesting this mechanism may be widely used in other CoA-dependent electron-bifurcating pathways.

Implementation of a Power Down Initiative in 34 Operating Rooms.

Operating rooms (ORs) use energy-intensive equipment such as anesthesia gas machines, patient monitors, and lights. They are major contributors to an institution's carbon footprint; yet ORs are unoccupied 40% of the time. Implementing an initiative to power down electrical devices can reduce energy consumption, equipment failure, and financial outlay. This quality improvement project developed and implemented a power down initiative for anesthesia staff to use in ORs. The initiative included turning off anesthesia gas machines, patient monitors, auxiliary oxygen delivery, and room lights at the end of scheduled cases in ORs that were not used for emergencies. Convenience audits were conducted. Pre- and postimplementation compliance outcomes showed that there was an increase in powering down the anesthesia gas machine, patient monitor, auxiliary oxygen, and room lights. Powering down unnecessary equipment at this facility has the potential to save approximately $50,000 and prevent the emission of over 80 metric tons of CO2 per year. Other facilities can implement a similar quality improvement project aimed at fiscal and ecological conservation.

Treatment of low-C/N nitrate wastewater using a partial denitrification-anammox granule system: Granule reconstruction, stability, and microbial structure analyses.

Industrial wastewater discharged into sewer systems is often characterized by high nitrate contents and low C/N ratios, resulting in high treatment costs when using conventional activated sludge methods. This study introduces a partial denitrification-anammox (PD/A) granular process to address this challenge. The PD/A granular process achieved an effluent TN level of 3.7 mg/L at a low C/N ratio of 2.3. Analysis of a typical cycle showed that the partial denitrification peaked within 15 min and achieved a nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio of 86.9%. Anammox, which was activated from 15 to 120 min, contributed 86.2% of the TN removal. The system exhibited rapid recovery from post-organic shock, which was attributed to significant increases in protein content within TB-EPS. Microbial dispersion and reassembly were observed after coexistence of the granules, with Thauera (39.12%) and Candidatus Brocadia (1.25%) identified as key functional microorganisms. This study underscores the efficacy of PD/A granular sludge technology for treating low-C/N nitrate wastewater.

Green investor behavior and corporate green innovation: Evidence from Chinese listed companies.

Businesses embracing green innovation can encourage high-quality green economic development in addition to reducing emissions. In this paper, we use the Difference-in-Differences (DID) to investigate the influence of green investor behavior on the green innovation of companies, using the first-ever green investor investment in a company as a quasi-natural experiment. According to research, green investors have the power to accelerate corporate green innovation greatly. Three key strategies that green investors can use to do this include raising institutional investment levels, enhancing the green perception of executives, and bringing in top talent. Heterogeneity analysis shows that non-high-polluting, big, and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are more likely to benefit from green investors' green innovation effects. Further analysis reveals that (ⅰ) green investors' influence on an enterprise's level of green innovation can help it improve its ESG ratings; (ii) green investors can encourage green innovation in source control but have little effect on green innovation in end-of-pipe treatment; (ⅲ) green investors can support both non-green and green innovation in enterprises, but have a greater influence on green innovation. This study strengthens the micro relationship between green investors and corporate green innovation. It also supports the theoretical underpinnings of corporate green innovation, which is significant for advancing green innovation, environmental protection, and high-quality economic development in emerging economies.

Skeletal muscle p53-depletion uncovers a mechanism of fuel usage suppression that enables efficient energy conservation.

BACKGROUND: The ability of skeletal muscle to respond adequately to changes in nutrient availability, known as metabolic flexibility, is essential for the maintenance of metabolic health and loss of flexibility contributes to the development of diabetes and obesity. The tumour suppressor protein, p53, has been linked to the control of energy metabolism. We assessed its role in the acute control of nutrient allocation in skeletal muscle in the context of limited nutrient availability. METHODS: A mouse model with inducible deletion of the p53-encoding gene, Trp53, in skeletal muscle was generated using the Cre-loxP-system. A detailed analysis of nutrient metabolism in mice with control and knockout genotypes was performed under ad libitum fed and fasting conditions and in exercised mice. RESULTS: Acute deletion of p53 in myofibres of mice activated catabolic nutrient usage pathways even under ad libitum fed conditions, resulting in significantly increased overall energy expenditure (+10.6%; P = 0.0385) and a severe nutrient deficit in muscle characterized by depleted intramuscular glucose and glycogen levels (-62,0%; P < 0.0001 and -52.7%; P < 0.0001, respectively). This was accompanied by changes in marker gene expression patterns of circadian rhythmicity and hyperactivity (+57.4%; P = 0.0068). These metabolic changes occurred acutely, within 2-3 days after deletion of Trp53 was initiated, suggesting a rapid adaptive response to loss of p53, which resulted in a transient increase in lactate release to the circulation (+46.6%; P = 0.0115) from non-exercised muscle as a result of elevated carbohydrate mobilization. Conversely, an impairment of proteostasis and amino acid metabolism was observed in knockout mice during fasting. During endurance exercise testing, mice with acute, muscle-specific Trp53 inactivation displayed an early exhaustion phenotype with a premature shift in fuel usage and reductions in multiple performance parameters, including a significantly reduced running time and distance (-13.8%; P = 0.049 and -22.2%; P = 0.0384, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that efficient nutrient conservation is a key element of normal metabolic homeostasis that is sustained by p53. The homeostatic state in metabolic tissues is actively maintained to coordinate efficient energy conservation and metabolic flexibility towards nutrient stress. The acute deletion of Trp53 unlocks mechanisms that suppress the activity of nutrient catabolic pathways, causing substantial loss of intramuscular energy stores, which contributes to a fasting-like state in muscle tissue. Altogether, these findings uncover a novel function of p53 in the short-term regulation of nutrient metabolism in skeletal muscle and show that p53 serves to maintain metabolic homeostasis and efficient energy conservation.

Contribution to energy conservation and quality improvement of frozen pork via contact/contactless immersion freezing in NaCl solution.

High energy consumption and quality deterioration are major challenges in the meat freezing process. In this study, the energy consumption and qualities of frozen pork were investigated using three freezing methods: nonpackaged pork air freezing (NAF), contactless immersion freezing (PIF) and contact immersion freezing (NIF) with NaCl solution as a refrigerant. The results indicated that NIF could improve the energy conservation and freezing efficiency in >4 freezing treatment-times by increasing the unfrozen water content, decreasing the frozen heat load, shortening the freezing time and reducing evaporation loss. NIF could also increase the a* value of the pork and improve the water-holding capacity by facilitating the conversion of free water to immobilized-water. The two immersion freezing methods could reduce freezing-thawing loss and protein loss by alleviating muscle tissue freezing damage. These results provide a suitable application of immersion freezing with energy conservation, high efficiency and good quality of frozen-pork.

Functional and financial analysis of an inclined step solar desalination using phase change nanomaterials.

Recent decades have seen a shortage of water, which has led scientists to concentrate on solar desalination technologies. The present study examines the solar water desalination system with inclined steps, while considering various phase change materials (PCMs). The findings suggest that the incorporation of PCM generally enhances the productivity of the solar desalination system. Additionally, the combination of nanoparticles has been used to PCM, which is a popular technique utilized nowadays to improve the efficiency of these systems. The current investigation involves the transient modeling of a solar water desalination system, utilizing energy conservation equations. The equations were solved using the Runge-Kutta technique of the ODE23s order. The temperatures of the salt water, the absorbent plate of the glass cover, and the PCM were calculated at each time. Without a phase changer, the rate at which fresh water is produced is around 5.15 kg/m2·h. The corresponding mass flow rates of paraffin, n-PCM I, n-PCM III, n-PCM II, and stearic acid are 22.9, 28.9, 5.9, 11.9, and 73 kg/m2·h. PCMs, with the exception of stearic acid, exhibit similar energy efficiency up to an ambient temperature of around 29°. However, at temperatures over 29°, n-PCM II outperforms other PCM.

Urban 3D building morphology and energy consumption: empirical evidence from 53 cities in China.

The impact of building morphology on building energy consumption has been extensively studied. However, research on how 3D building morphology affects energy consumption at a macroscopic scale is lacking. In this study, we measured the mean building height (BH), mean building volume (BV), and mean European nearest neighbor distance (MENN) of the city to quantify the 3D building morphology. We then used a spatial regression model to analyze the quantitative impact of urban 3D building morphology on per capita electricity consumption (PCEC). Results indicate that at the macroscopic scale of the city, the BH and the MENN have a significant positive impact on the PCEC, while the BV has a significant negative impact on the PCEC. Moreover, the inclusion of the 3D building morphology greatly improves the model's ability to explain building energy efficiency, surpassing the impact of traditional economic factors. Considering the 3D building morphology indicators together, buildings with a lower height, a larger volume, and a more compact 3D morphology have greater potential for energy savings and are more conducive to electricity conservation. This study offers valuable insights for the energy-efficient arrangement of buildings.

Collaborative effect of the energy conservation and emission reduction fiscal policy in China.

Government-led national comprehensive demonstration cities for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Fiscal Policy (ECERFP) are pivotal for China in addressing environmental governance. Using a panel dataset covering 278 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2019, this study adopts the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) approach to investigate the synergistic impacts of ECERFP on pollution and carbon reduction. The findings indicate that ECERFP contributes to a 3% improvement in pollution reduction performance, a 1.5% enhancement in carbon reduction performance, and a 4% overall increase in combined pollution and carbon reduction efforts. Furthermore, the study examines the heterogeneous effects of ECERFP on environmental performance. ECERFP significantly influences the synergistic efforts in pollution and carbon reduction by fostering green innovation, enhancing energy allocation, and optimizing industrial structures. This study both theoretically and empirically outlines the specific pathways and mechanisms through which "incentive-based" green fiscal policy promotes synergistic pollution and carbon reduction, thus providing a pragmatic foundation for enhancing the role of fiscal policy in environmental governance.

Comments on energy conservation treatments for MS-related fatigue and a new proposal.

Psychological treatments of MS-related fatigue mostly depend on energy conservation programs. We argue that the evidence for energy conservation training is weak - in contrast to some reviews on this topic. The reasons for our concerns are the use of informed passive control groups allowing negative placebo effects, the lack of predefined primary outcome parameter, statistically rather than clinically significant effects, and the use of insensitive fatigue questionnaires. We propose to base psychological interventions not on a view of fatigue as a constant loss of mental energy but as a subjective representation ("feeling") of an inflammatory state, which draws away attentional capacity. This conceptualization allows to develop a three-step treatment approach: Getting short-term control on fatigue, extinction to reduce fatigue-related avoidance behavior, and a systematic increase of activities by pacing. Our proposal depends on the techniques, that can interrupt ongoing feelings of fatigue and can serve as a basis for extinction. We propose that Progressive Muscle Relaxation might be such a technique. The advantage of our model is that it shares similarities with well-established treatments for phobias and chronic pain and we discuss the shared set of assumptions. Hopefully, this will help to improve the treatment of fatigue in future.

Advancing LED technology: the FDCSP element's breakthrough in mini and micro-LED packaging and backlight module enhancement.

In this research, we introduce an advanced methodology for the calculation of bulk light sources tailored for free-form surface design, focusing on the principle of energy conservation. This method is especially relevant for the evolving needs of micro-LED packaging, highlighting its potential in this burgeoning field. Our work includes the development of an algorithm for creating freeform-designed chip-scale package (FDCSP) components. These components seamlessly integrate LEDs and lenses, underscoring our commitment to advancing free-form surface design in chip-level packaging. By adhering to the principle of energy conservation, our approach facilitates a meticulous comparison of simulation outcomes with predefined target functions. This enables the iterative correction of discrepancies, employing layering techniques to refine the design until the simulated results closely align with our goals, as demonstrated by an appropriate difference curve. The practical application of these simulations leads to the innovative design of FDCSP devices. Notably, these devices are not just suitable for traditional applications in backlight modules but are explicitly optimized for the emerging sector of micro-LED packaging. Our successful demonstration of these FDCSP devices within backlight modules represents a significant achievement. It underscores the effectiveness of our design strategy and its expansive potential to transform micro-LED packaging solutions. This research not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of energy conservation in lighting design but also paves the way for groundbreaking applications in micro-LED and backlight module technologies.

[Energy-saving and Emission Reduction Path for Road Traffic in Key Coastal Cities of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang].

The rapid development of society and economy has resulted in a substantial increase in energy consumption, consequently exacerbating pollution issues. Current research predominantly focuses on energy-saving and emission reduction in road transportation within individual cities or the three major economic regions of China:the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. However, there is a dearth of studies addressing the southeastern coastal economic region. Located at the heart of China's southeastern coastal economic development, the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang unavoidably face challenges associated with energy consumption and emissions while pursuing economic growth. To address these challenges, this study employed a LEAP model to construct various scenarios for road transportation in the key coastal cities of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang from 2015 to 2035. These scenarios included a baseline scenario (BAU), an existing policy scenario (EPS), and an improved policy scenario (MPS). The MPS and EPS encompassed vehicle structure optimization (VSO), improved fuel economy (IFE), and reduced annual average mileage (RDM). By simulating and evaluating these scenarios, the energy-saving and emission reduction potentials of road transportation in the key coastal cities were assessed. The results indicated that, in the primary scenario, the MPS exhibited the most significant improvements in energy-saving, carbon reduction, and pollutant reduction effects. By 2035, the MPS achieved a remarkable 75% energy-saving rate compared to that in the baseline scenario, accompanied by reductions of 68%, 59%, 66%, 70%, and 64% in CO2, CO, NOx, PM2.5, and SO2 emissions, respectively. In the secondary scenario, the improved scenario of enhancing fuel economy achieved a notable 30% reduction in energy consumption. Additionally, the scenarios involving vehicle structure adjustment (yielding reductions of 36%, 30%, 36%, 26%, and 40%) and annual average mileage reduction (resulting in reductions of 37%, 37%, 36%, 37%, and 36%) demonstrated significant reductions in CO2, CO, NOx, PM2.5, and SO2 emissions.

Urban population density and energy conservation: Empirical evidence from 276 cities in China.

Reducing urban energy consumption is a crucial step towards achieving sustainable urban development. Urban energy plays a fundamental role in urban development, and while previous studies have examined the relationship between population size and energy conservation, the impact of increasing population density on per capita energy consumption (PCEC) remains unclear. To achieve urban energy conservation in China, it is vital to comprehend this significant relationship. This study constructs a spatial regression model to examine the relationship between population density and PCEC using 9 years of balanced panel data from 276 cities to fill a gap in the literature. The results of spatial autocorrelation indicate a significant negative relationship and heterogeneity between population density and PCEC. The results of spatial regression show that for every 1% increase in population density, there is a subsequent increase in PCEC of 0.074%. Our findings suggest that lower PCEC correlation is associated with higher urban population density. This study can be a reference for policymakers seeking new energy conservation strategies for urban development.

Strain induced modulations in the thermoelectric properties of 2D SiH and GeH monolayers: insights from first-principle calculations.

The present paper is primarily focused to understand the strain driven alterations in thermoelectric (TE) properties of two-dimensional SiH and GeH monolayers from first-principle calculations. Electronic band structures and the associated TE properties of the compounds under ambient and external strains have been critically unveiled in terms of Seebeck coefficients, electrical conductivities, power factors and electronic thermal conductivities. The phonon dispersion relations have also been investigated to estimate the lattice thermal conductivities of the systems. The TE figure of merits of SiH and GeH monolayers under ambient and external strains have been explored from the collective effects of their Seebeck coefficients, electrical conductivities, electronic and lattice thermal conductivities. The present study will be helpful in exploring the strain induced TE responses of SiH and GeH compounds which in turn may bear potential applications in clean and global energy conservation.

On the conservation of energy: Noether's theorem revisited.

This paper studies the dynamics and conservation of energy. It evaluates the validity of Noether's theorem as a formal argument supporting the law of conservation of energy in physical systems. The analysis examines the role of nonconvexity in energy dynamics. The paper argues that nonconvexity can arise in the presence of catalytic effects or in situations of transitions between multiple regimes. With the introduction of nonconvexity, the analysis relies on a generalized Lagrangian and generalized Hamiltonian. The investigation applies under general conditions, allowing for multiple types of energy with dynamics driven by multiple state variables. Our key result is to show that the conservation of energy (Noether's theorem) holds under convexity but not under nonconvexity. This identifies situations where energy in isolated systems is not necessarily constant over time. By relaxing the law of conservation of energy, our analysis provides new insights into energy dynamics. It offers new directions for scientific inquiries, including improved understanding about the origin of life, the evolution of the early universe and the nature of space and time.

Optimal control of cooling management system for energy conservation in smart home with ANNs-PSO data analytics microservice platform.

An intelligent cooling management system with a smart home application is proposed to evaluate optimal target temperatures and air conditioner fan modes, thereby maximizing energy efficiency while ensuring residents' comfort. The proposed system integrates a home energy management system with a sophisticated backend infrastructure designed to enable seamless hardware connectivity for real-time data acquisition from various sensors, a gateway, internet of things (IoT) devices, and servers. Furthermore, it serves as a platform for implementing a software data analytics model, structured upon a microservice architecture, aimed at providing optimal feedback control. The data analytics platform utilized in this research integrates two sets of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for computation and control. This platform is designed not only to gather real-time ambient data and air conditioner usage records but also to regulate the air conditioner's operation autonomously. By considering aprevailing ambient air condition, the ANNs accurately predict power consumption, indoor temperature, and indoor humidity following adjustments in target temperature and fan mode. The PSO-based data analytics model efficiently selects the most suitable target temperature and fan mode, thereby achieving a dual purpose of enhancing energy conservation while minimizing potential occupant discomfort. This optimization is driven by utilizing the predicted mean vote (PMV) calculated through the analysis performed by the ANNs. Validation of the developed intelligent cooling management system was conducted in a real smart home environment inside a single detached two-story house, using an 8,000 BTU air conditioner as the testbed within an 8 × 5 m2 space accommodating four occupants. The implementation results indicate that the proposed intelligent cooling management system can reliably predict the behavior and ambient data of the air conditioner and give the best-operating settings in any different environment scenarios and therefore shows potential for energy savings in smart home applications.

The impact of FDI on energy conservation and emission reduction performance: A FDI quality perspective.

According to the climate emission reduction commitment of the Paris Agreement, all countries are actively seeking a new path of energy conservation and emission reduction, and trying to "bend downward" the global greenhouse gas emission curve. For China's carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutral target before 2060, explore whether FDI can reduce China's energy consumption and carbon emissions. From the new research perspective of FDI quality, this paper explores the potential ways to improve regional energy-carbon emission performance (ECEP), and applied dynamic threshold effect and two-stage least squares for validation. The specific results are as follows: FDI quality improvement can have a significant positive impact on regional ECEP.The development level of renewable energy, the optimization of industrial structure and the enhancement of green innovation ability can positively regulate the impact of FDI on energy-carbon emission performance. At the same time, the results of the dynamic panel threshold model demonstrate that with the economic growth pressure of local governments decreases and the fiscal decentralization increases, the role of FDI quality in promoting the ECEP could be stronger. The influence of FDI quality on ECEP has regional heterogeneity, and the influence of FDI quality on ECEP is regional heterogeneous, and the influence of FDI quality on ECEP is more significant in inland and midwestern regions than in coastal and eastern regions. This study provides experience for FDI to formulate the quality assessment system and formulate foreign investment policy.