Awareness of First Aid Management of Epistaxis in Children Among Parents in Arar, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Epistaxis is a relatively common condition, particularly among children, necessitating that parents be well informed about its effective management. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the current level of awareness among parents in the Arar region, Saudi Arabia, regarding the first aid management of epistaxis and to highlight the importance of education in empowering parents to handle such situations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey distributed among the Arar population (aged >18 years) who had at least one child and were willing to participate. Data were collected between mid-July and the end of September 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire, which included a consent form, sociodemographic and background items, and epistaxis knowledge-related questions. RESULTS: A total of 342 participants (27.8% males) completed the questionnaire. It was observed that 47.4% of the participants' children had experienced epistaxis. Only around half of them (n=84; 51.9%) had received first aid management for epistaxis, and only 40.4% of the parents correctly identified all the necessary steps for managing it through first aid. There was inadequate knowledge regarding the causes/risk factors and appropriate first aid techniques for epistaxis. Certain sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with better knowledge of first aid management of epistaxis, such as female gender (p = 0.003), older participants (p = 0.002), and a higher educational level (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The study found low awareness of first aid management of epistaxis among parents residing in Arar, Saudi Arabia. Factors related to the demographic characteristics of the study participants were associated with this level of knowledge. These findings emphasize the need to improve awareness about first aid management of epistaxis, particularly among younger individuals, males, and those with limited education. Effective interventions should be developed to enhance first aid training, considering the specific risk factors associated with epistaxis.

Awareness of Epistaxis and Its First Aid Management Among Teachers Working in Schools of Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background Epistaxis (nosebleed) is a frequent emergency presentation in the emergency department (ED). Generally, any harm to the nasal mucosa lining can lead the nose to bleed. The etiologies of epistaxis are widely classified as environmental, local, systemic, and medication-related causes. The initial management for epistaxis is first aid. First aid by applying pressure on the nostrils is essential to stop the bleeding and minimize discomfort. This study intends to evaluate teachers' awareness regarding epistaxis first aid management inside schools in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among a target of 439 teachers regarding epistaxis first aid management inside schools in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. Results Of the teachers, 50.7% had received training regarding epistaxis, while 49.3% had never been trained. Also, 73.3% considered that applying nasal compression may help stop bleeding, while the rest were completely unaware. On further investigation, tilting the head forward would be done by 56.27% of the teachers, while 40.73% said that the head should be tilted back. Of the teachers, 53.3% would go to the emergency if bleeding continued for more than 10 minutes. No association between age, gender, and working area, and training received regarding the management of epistaxis was found (p>0.05), but teachers from a scientific background, as compared to those from a literature background, were able to answer better regarding the management of epistaxis (p<0.05). Conclusion The study highlights knowledge gaps regarding epistaxis first aid management inside schools in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. The research highlights the need for focused training programs and awareness efforts to enhance teachers' knowledge and first aid practices. Addressing misknowledge and mispractices, enhancing the practices and attitudes of healthcare providers toward appropriate feeding practices, and promoting a supportive and safe environment could all contribute to the improvement of quality of life and health among the population of Saudi Arabia.

Parents' knowledge regarding first-aid management of epistaxis in children in Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Epistaxis among children is considered a scary issue for both the child and the parents. In Saudi Arabia, one third of children suffer from epistaxis. In our study, we aimed to assess the level of knowledge among parents regarding first-aid management of epistaxis in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Method: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study among parents who visited Alhada Armed Forces Hospital and Prince Mansour Military Hospital between May 2022 and July 2022 in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire with 17 questions was distributed among the participants. We excluded parents with children who were older than 18 years. Results: A total of 502 parents were included in the study. About two thirds (67.5%) of parents had a moderate level of knowledge and around one third (30.9%) showed a good level of knowledge regarding epistaxis first aid. Furthermore, higher knowledge scores were found among parents who had epistaxis previously (P = 0.026), who attended a course on first aid (P = 0.002), and who were aged more than 35 years (P = 0.017). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that most Saudi parents had a moderate level of knowledge regarding first-aid management of epistaxis. Additionally, several factors, such as the number of children, age, those attending first-aid courses, and experience treating others with epistaxis, were associated with the level of knowledge among parents. Further larger studies are required among Saudi parents to examine the knowledge, practice, and related factors regarding first-aid management of epistaxis.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward First Aid Management of Skin Burns in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Burns are considered a serious health affection that leads to several consequences affecting a person both physically and emotionally. Herbal and traditional medicine have become popular remedies among patients worldwide. Aim: This study explores common practices followed in burns as first aid management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia using a designed questionnaire distributed electronically through different social media. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, history of burns, causative material, and practices followed in response to burns. Results: 461 individuals have participated in this study. The commonest reason for burns was hot water or steam. The majority of the respondents (63%) had a satisfactory response to self-aid alone at home. The most common first aid options for managing burns at home were cold water alone 195 (42%), any sort of cream alone 177 (38%), or both 317 (69%). Overall, the result shows no statistically significant difference between the outcome of burn injury and the most commonly used burn aids. Conclusions: Most people use creams and water as the first-aid management of burns, while a good number of people use traditional medicine. Overall, people who receive hospital treatment after getting first aid at home give a better outcome.

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Burns are the second leading cause of unintentional injuries in children and are one of the major causes of disability in children. Timely and effective first-aid management of burns can have a major impact on the prognosis, but there is still a lack of the knowledge on burn management in the general public. With reference to expert opinions and related literature, this consensus summarizes the causes of burns, preventive measures, first-aid methods for common types of burns, and the prevention and treatment of serious complications of burns. It also provides recommendations on the most appropriate pre-hospital treatment. This consensus aims to emphasize the importance of burn prevention, improve the ability of first-aid treatment among witnesses and rescuers, avoid further injury caused by inappropriate treatment, and reduce the mortality and disability rates of burns and the harm to family and society. It can be used as guidance for pre-hospital treatment of childhood burns by first responders, parents, and passers-by.

A questionnaire-based survey for the evaluation of the knowledge level of primary school teachers on first-aid management of traumatic dental injuries in Athens, Greece.

BACKGROUND/AIM: School teachers can play an important role in improving the prognosis of traumatized teeth of school children through immediate onsite management or on time referral to healthcare providers. In Greece where the research in the field of dental traumatology is very limited, this issue is of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge level of Greek primary school teachers and their attitude with regard to emergency first-aid management of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) occurring in schools. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study among 276 school teachers was undertaken in Athens, Greece. This was done through a two-part questionnaire-based survey including demographic characteristics, attitude, and knowledge of first-aid management of TDI. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests for differences. Log Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate relative risks of low or high knowledge of first-aid management. RESULTS: The risk of lower knowledge score was almost double in teachers with <10 years of teaching experience and almost threefold higher in those reporting that they are not interested in being informed about dental trauma. In the case of luxation injury, 69.9% of the participants would not take any immediate action and would refer the child to a dentist. In case of permanent tooth avulsion, 52.2% knew that the tooth can be replanted in the socket, whereas only 17% believed that this should be performed within 30 minutes. Most of the participants would send the child to their own/family dentist, whereas only 4.7% would refer to an Endodontist. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of primary school teachers in Greece about first-aid management of TDI is limited. However, a clear positive association was found between knowledge of first-aid management and teaching experience. Reliable information about dental trauma may result in improving the knowledge level of Greek primary school teachers.

Parental self-perceived knowledge and attitudes toward emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth in Imphal: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Dental avulsion is one of the dental traumatic injuries commonly affecting children aged between 6 and 12 years. One of the major limitations in obtaining a successful outcome while treating dental avulsions is the lack of knowledge on its first aid management among parents. The present study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents in Imphal toward the emergency management of avulsed permanent tooth using a self-reported questionnaire method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was undertaken among 777 parents of 6-12-year-old children who were recruited through 2 private schools in Imphal. A questionnaire consisting of 14 closed-ended questions used to assess the parental knowledge and attitude on emergency management of avulsed permanent teeth was distributed to the respondents after obtaining official consent from the respective schools and informed consent from the respondents. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the results and the educational status, gender, and geographical location of the respondents. RESULTS: The study revealed that only a fraction of the respondents, i.e., 11.8% gave a positive response on attempting "self-replantation" and higher fractions (76.1%) of the respondents reported to have received no previous information on the emergency management of dental avulsion. CONCLUSION: About 96.1% of the respondents showed interest on acquiring knowledge on the emergency management of dental avulsion. This warrants the urgent need on educating the parents on the first aid emergency management of avulsed tooth.

Nurse-led epistaxis management within the emergency department.

BACKGROUND: the incidence of epistaxis has increased secondary to increased life expectancy and morbidities. This study sought to assess the knowledge, practice and opinion relating to adequacy of training of advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) and staff nurses (SNs) in the emergency department. METHODS: a national survey was distributed over an 8-week period; this included a 3-point scoring system based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Clinical Knowledge Summaries guidance on epistaxis management to assess overall performance. RESULTS: analysis included 109 ANPs and 101 SNs; 12% of ANPs achieved the maximum score, 40% scored 2, 25% scored 1, and 23% scored 0, while 14% of SNs achieved the maximum score, 24% scored 2, 29% scored 1, and 32% scored 0. Overall 88% of respondents advocated further training. CONCLUSION: significant deficits in knowledge regarding epistaxis management were highlighted. Further training could help to empower patients in basic first aid measures, subsequently reducing admissions rates.

Effect of health education on trainee teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and first aid management of epilepsy: An interventional study.

PURPOSE: High rates of poor knowledge of, and negative attitudes towards people with epilepsy (PWE) are generally found among school teachers. Their first aid epilepsy management skills are poor. It remains unknown if this is different among trainee teachers and whether educational intervention might reduce these rates. We examined the effect of health education on the knowledge, attitudes, and first aid management of epilepsy on trainee teachers in Nigeria. METHODS: Baseline data and socio-demographic determinants were collected from 226 randomly selected trainee teachers, at the Federal College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria, with self-administered questionnaires. They received a health intervention comprising an hour and half epilepsy lecture followed by a discussion. Baseline knowledge of, and attitudes towards PWE and their first aid epilepsy management skills were compared to post-interventional follow-up data collected twelve weeks later with similar questionnaires. RESULTS: At baseline the majority (61.9%) and largest proportion (44.2%) of respondents had negative attitudes and poor knowledge of epilepsy, respectively. The knowledge of, and attitudes towards epilepsy, and the first aid management skill increased in most respondents, post-intervention. The proportion of respondents with poor knowledge and negative attitudes dropped by 15.5% (p<0.0001) and 16.4% (p<0.0001) respectively. Correct knowledge concomitantly increased by 29.6% (p<0.0001) and good first aid management skills increased by 25.0% (p<0.0001) from baseline. CONCLUSION: Epilepsy health education could increase trainee teachers' knowledge of, and attitudes towards epilepsy and facilitate correct first aid management. This emphasizes the potential benefit of incorporating an epilepsy tailored intervention programme into teachers' training curricula.

Anaphylaxis after vaccination of children: review of literature and recommendations for vaccination in child and school health services in Belgium.

BACKGROUND: Concerns about the very small, but real risk of anaphylaxis after vaccination, has given rise to specific questions about the safe administration of vaccines to children and adolescents in the context of preventive settings (i.e. well baby clinics and school health services). As a support to preventive health professionals a guideline based on scientific evidence and supported by professional consensus was developed in Belgium. METHODS: First, a draft of guideline was written based on a review of international literature. Second, through several rounds of consultation professional consensus about the document was obtained across the Belgian communities and professional groups, and in a final version endorsed by the Belgian Superior Health Council in July 2012. RESULTS: In a literature overview information is given about the definition of anaphylaxis, allergens in vaccines potentially causing anaphylaxis, published incidence rates of anaphylaxis after vaccination, and strategies for first-aid management of anaphylaxis. The Belgian guideline on the prevention of anaphylaxis after vaccination includes recommendations on prevaccination risk assessment, the content of the emergency kit, measures to be taken after vaccination, differential diagnosis and first-aid management of anaphylaxis. CONCLUSION: The guideline, summarized as a flowchart for the prevention and first-aid management of anaphylaxis, is considered as the actual state of the art in Belgium for vaccination of children and youngsters in preventive health services, and may inspire governmental bodies and/or professional groups in other countries to adopt similar recommendations.