Immunodeficiency-Related Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (iVDPV) Excretion in an Infant with Severe Combined Immune Deficiency with Spillover to a Parent.

In order to maintain the polio eradication status, it has become evident that the surveillance of cases with acute flaccid paralysis and of environmental samples must be urgently supplemented with the surveillance of poliovirus excretions among individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). All children with IEI were screened for the excretion of poliovirus during a collaborative study conducted by the ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Mumbai Unit, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, and World Health Organization, India. A seven-month -old male baby who presented with persistent pneumonia and lymphopenia was found to have severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) due to a missense variant in the RAG1 gene. He had received OPV at birth and at 20 weeks. Four stool samples collected at 4 weekly intervals yielded iVDPV type 1. The child's father, an asymptomatic 32-year-old male, was also found to be excreting iVDPV. A haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant was performed, but the child succumbed due to severe myocarditis and pneumonia three weeks later. We report a rare case of transmission of iVDPV from an individual with IEI to a healthy household contact, demonstrating the threat of the spread of iVDPV from persons with IEI and the necessity to develop effective antivirals.

Can multi-agent cooperation promote the ecological value realization of blue carbon in marine ranching?

Ecological value realization of blue carbon in marine ranching is essential to achieve carbon neutrality. The motivation for conducting the study is to verify whether multi-agent cooperation can promote the ecological value realization of blue carbon in marine ranching. Based on the blue carbon ecological value realization model of marine ranching enterprises, blue carbon demand enterprises, blue carbon trading platforms and government, this paper explores the cooperative governance strategy of marine ranching for each subject using cooperative game and non-cooperative game models. Further, we conduct a comparative analysis to arrive at the optimal strategy. The conclusions are as follows. Multi-agent cooperation is more conducive to the ecological value realization of blue carbon in marine ranching. Compared with non-cooperative governance, the platform's commission and blue carbon price are lower, and the blue carbon output, profit of each market subject, government utility and overall profit are higher in cooperative governance. The strengths of this paper lie in 2 aspects. First, we focuses on the ecological value of blue carbon in marine ranching instead of economic value, providing a new theoretical basis for ecological compensation in marine ranching. Second, we construct a government-led and market-oriented operation of marine ranching's blue carbon ecological value realization mechanism, incorporating blue carbon trading platform and government into the value realization model.

Multiparty Evolutionary Game Strategy for Green Technology Innovation Under Market Orientation and Pandemics.

Building a market-oriented green technology innovation system is important for China's green development. In this system, the government, enterprises, and consumers promote green innovation. Given this backdrop, this study constructs an evolutionary game model that combines the government, enterprises and consumers to analyse their evolution trend of strategy by simulating theoretical analyses. It is found that government subsidies for enterprises and consumers, benefits of enterprises speculation, and green consumption costs affect the enterprise decisions of green innovation. These factors significantly affect the enterprises' decision-making of green technology innovation. It is also observed that the market mechanism motivates enterprises' green technology innovation under pandemics. It is suggested that adopting more green consumption subsidy policies, improving the supervision mechanism and formulating more incentive policies from other aspects will be useful policy implications.

Effect of Match Location, Team Ranking, Match Status and Tactical Dimensions on the Offensive Performance in Spanish 'La Liga' Soccer Matches.

The aim of this paper was to study the combined effects of tactical and contextual dimensions on achieving offensive performance in open play possessions from Spanish "La Liga" soccer matches. 1860 team possessions from 20 random matches were evaluated by means of multidimensional observation. Multilevel regression models were constructed to predict the probability to achieve offensive performance according to the tactical and contextual dimensions registered in each possession. Performing penetrative actions after recovering the ball (OR = 1.497; 95% CI: 1.022-2.192; P < 0.05), and progressing by fast attacks (OR = 3.588; 95% CI: 2.045-6.294; p < 0.001) or counterattacks (OR = 7.097; 95% CI: 3.530-14.269; P < 0.001) was more effective to create scoring opportunities than performing a non-penetrative action and progressing by combinative attack, respectively. Also, progressing by long possessions (OR = 5.057; 95% CI: 2.406-10.627; p < 0.001) was more effective than progressing by short possessions to create scoring opportunities. As for contextual dimensions, multivariate analyses showed how playing at home and against high-ranked opponents registered more likelihood of achieving offensive penetration, although no associations were found in the production of scoring opportunities. Tactical dimensions as initial penetration, type of attack and possession length played an important role on achieving offensive penetration and goal scoring opportunities in Spanish Soccer "La Liga".

Adverse effects of technical fouls in elite basketball performance.

This study examined the temporal effects of technical fouls on the performance of the fouling and opposing teams in elite basketball games. A sample of 80 technical fouls was collected from 65 international games. The fouls were charged either to players on court or to the bench players/coaching staff. Performance measures considered were the points scored (during 1, 3, and 5 ball possessions), fouls received, violations, and turnovers during 5 ball possessions before and after a technical foul was called. Data were also obtained on several contextual variables. The results showed that the opposing team scored slightly more points compared to the fouling team during 1 ball possession before and after a foul was charged to the coach/bench personnel (F=5.934; p=0.019; ES=0.11). The results also showed that both types of technical fouls are generally positive for the opposing team (mid-term effects) and for the fouling team only during the short-term performance (points scored after 1 ball possession). Furthermore, significant differences between teams were found when comparing the fouls received, with the opposing team receiving more fouls after both types of technical fouls (F=5.364; p<0.001; ES=0.50 and F=26.350; p<0.001; ES=0.35). However, the gender and contextual variables had no significant effect on any of the performance measures. The results highlight the positive short-term (1 ball possession) and the adverse mid-term (5 ball possessions) strategic effect of technical fouls for the fouling team, and call for coaches and practitioners to design specific training scenarios that involve tactics and strategies to avoid a negative performance immediately after the technical foul.

Using Nonlinear Stochastic Evolutionary Game Strategy to Model an Evolutionary Biological Network of Organ Carcinogenesis Under a Natural Selection Scheme.

Molecular biologists have long recognized carcinogenesis as an evolutionary process that involves natural selection. Cancer is driven by the somatic evolution of cell lineages. In this study, the evolution of somatic cancer cell lineages during carcinogenesis was modeled as an equilibrium point (ie, phenotype of attractor) shifting, the process of a nonlinear stochastic evolutionary biological network. This process is subject to intrinsic random fluctuations because of somatic genetic and epigenetic variations, as well as extrinsic disturbances because of carcinogens and stressors. In order to maintain the normal function (ie, phenotype) of an evolutionary biological network subjected to random intrinsic fluctuations and extrinsic disturbances, a network robustness scheme that incorporates natural selection needs to be developed. This can be accomplished by selecting certain genetic and epigenetic variations to modify the network structure to attenuate intrinsic fluctuations efficiently and to resist extrinsic disturbances in order to maintain the phenotype of the evolutionary biological network at an equilibrium point (attractor). However, during carcinogenesis, the remaining (or neutral) genetic and epigenetic variations accumulate, and the extrinsic disturbances become too large to maintain the normal phenotype at the desired equilibrium point for the nonlinear evolutionary biological network. Thus, the network is shifted to a cancer phenotype at a new equilibrium point that begins a new evolutionary process. In this study, the natural selection scheme of an evolutionary biological network of carcinogenesis was derived from a robust negative feedback scheme based on the nonlinear stochastic Nash game strategy. The evolvability and phenotypic robustness criteria of the evolutionary cancer network were also estimated by solving a Hamilton-Jacobi inequality - constrained optimization problem. The simulation revealed that the phenotypic shift of the lung cancer-associated cell network takes 54.5 years from a normal state to stage I cancer, 1.5 years from stage I to stage II cancer, and 2.5 years from stage II to stage III cancer, with a reasonable match for the statistical result of the average age of lung cancer. These results suggest that a robust negative feedback scheme, based on a stochastic evolutionary game strategy, plays a critical role in an evolutionary biological network of carcinogenesis under a natural selection scheme.