Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights into Spinal Glomangioma of a Unique Intradural, Extramedullary Presentation-Systematic Review.

Contemporary literature lacks examples of intradural, extramedullary spinal glomangiomas. Moreover, glomus tumors in general are exceedingly rare among benign spinal tumors and are mostly located within epidural space or within intervertebral foramen, and only a few cases have been documented to date. This report provides a detailed analysis of the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, surgical intervention, and pathological findings of a 45-year-old patient experiencing progressive locomotor deterioration. The tumor was surgically excised, and subsequent histological examination identified it as a representative of glomus tumors-a glomangioma. Notably, this represents a unique case as it was the first example of such a tumor being discovered intradurally. Radical surgical excision remains the modality of choice in most benign spinal tumors of this localization. Although the malignant transformation of glomus tumors within the spine has not been documented thus far, cases have arisen in other areas. Consequently, we will investigate potential oncological treatments for cases with malignant potential and highlight advancements in surgical techniques for benign intradural spinal tumors.

A Glomus Tumor Presenting on the Ventromedial Aspect of the Little Finger Causing Bony Erosion: A Rare Case From India.

Glomus tumors are rare neoplasms originating from the glomus body that predominantly manifest in the subungual region of the digits and are distinguished by severe pain and a heightened sensitivity to cold. Bony erosion associated with glomus tumors is a rare phenomenon. Here, we present a unique case of a glomus tumor situated on the ventromedial aspect of the little finger, leading to notable bony erosion. A 42-year-old female from India presented with a chief complaint of severe and localized pain in the ventromedial region of her right little finger, exacerbated by exposure to cold temperatures. Radiological investigations demonstrated focal bone erosion at the site of the tumor. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed. A fish-mouth incision was made on the ventromedial aspect of the little finger, which was extended to the tip of the finger. The nail bed was kept intact. The tumor was excised using small forceps. The patient experienced complete resolution of symptoms postoperatively and reported no recurrence during the follow-up period. This case report highlights the exceptional presentation of a glomus tumor causing bony erosion on the ventromedial aspect of the little finger, a manifestation rarely encountered in clinical practice. Furthermore, this case contributes to the limited body of literature on this combination of uncommon clinical entities, shedding light on its diagnosis and management.

Glomangioma of the External Ear: A Case Report.

Glomangiomas of the external ear are exceptionally rare. These tumors are a type of glomus tumor, which are soft tissue neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that result from undifferentiated smooth muscle. In this report, we describe a case of an ear lobule glomangioma that was treated with surgical excision. Laryngoscope, 2023.

Low-grade malignancy glomus tumor of the abdominal wall: a case report and literature review.

Glomus tumors are painful neoplasms arising from the glomus body (responsible for body temperature and blood pressure regulation) in the skin. Although mostly present in the interdigital areas, glomus tumors can arise elsewhere. The vast majority of them are benign. Rarely, malignant variants are reported and are associated with the potential for local infiltration and metastatic dissemination. The abdominal wall location of glomus tumors is extremely rare regardless of whether they present as benign or malignant. We present a case of a 58-year-old female patient with a low-grade malignancy infiltrative glomus tumor of the abdominal wall.

An Atypical Lesion in the Nasal Cavity: Glomus Tumor.

Glomus tumors are rare vascular tumors that originate in the glomus bodies. These tumors are uncommon in the head and neck region and are extremely rare in the nasal cavity. Intranasal glomus tumors mostly have a clinical and radiologic indolent behavior. This report presents the clinical, pathological, and radiological features of a 60-year-old female patient with a glomus tumor that has an atypical size and location.

Glomangioma in the hand: diagnosis, treatment, and challenges.

INTRODUCTION: In this paper, we have analysed all hand glomangioma cases referred to our clinic in the context of symptoms, time to diagnosis, and the role of surgical resection of the lesion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have collected the following data: the presence of risk factors, manifestation, time to diagnosis, the treatment applied, and follow-up of patients. RESULTS: We have collected medical records from six patients, three males and three females. The median age was 45 (IQR: 29.5-65.75). The main symptom in all patients was severe pain and tenderness. The first-choice physician(s) were: general practitioners, general surgeons, and neurologists. The median time to diagnosis was 7 (IQR: 5-10) years. The main complaint of our patients was severe pain - 9 (IQR: 9-10) on the VAS scale, which was significantly alleviated after surgical treatment - 0 (IQR: 0-0; p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Extremely long times to final diagnosis, and excellent outcomes of surgical treatment, highlight the necessity of raising awareness of glomangiomas among clinicians.

Glomus Extradigital Tumor: A Case Report of an Extradigital Glomus Tumor on the Wrist and Comprehensive Review of Glomus Tumors.

A glomus tumor is a neoplasm composed of cells from the glomus body which is a contractile neuromyoarterial structure that affects blood pressure and thermoregulation by altering cutaneous blood flow. This cutaneous tumor can be benign or rarely malignant, solitary or multiple, and digital or extradigital. A benign glomus tumor usually presents as a non-familial, solitary, and subungual lesion. Multiple glomus tumors are less common, may be autosomal dominantly inherited, and extradigital. In contrast to a digital glomus tumor that often occurs within the nailbed or fingertip pulp of a young woman, a glomus extradigital tumor (GET) typically appears on the extremity or trunk of an older man. The diagnosis of a glomus tumor may be suspected based on clinical evaluation; it classically presents with a clinical triad of symptoms which includes lesion-associated tenderness, pin-point pressure pain, and cold sensitivity. However, cold-induced exacerbation of pain is frequently absent in extradigital glomus tumors; this may contribute to a delay in establishing the diagnosis of a glomus tumor in these individuals. Radiographic studies can support the diagnosis, but tissue specimen examination is necessary to establish the diagnosis. Resolution of tumor-associated pain is usually achieved following the complete excision of the neoplasm. A woman with a glomus tumor located on her wrist is described; her painful tumor was not sensitive to cold and was misdiagnosed clinically as a possible foreign body reaction to either a wood splinter or glass shard. The diagnosis of an extradigital glomus tumor was established after a microscopic examination of the tissue specimen following an excisional biopsy using a 3-millimeter punch biopsy tool. The neoplasm-related pain ceased and did not recur after the tumor had been completely removed. In conclusion, a glomus tumor is included in the differential diagnosis of a painful cutaneous neoplasm; however, misdiagnosis and/or substantial delay in diagnosis may occur if the tumor is extradigital or it lacks cold sensitivity or both. Therefore, the clinician needs to entertain the possibility of an extradigital glomus tumor when evaluating a patient with a tender, temperature-insensitive skin lesion that is not located on the fingers or toes.

Post-traumatic glomus tumor of the left anterior supraclavicular nerve: a case report.

OBJECTIVES: Peripheral nerve glomus tumors are extremely rare and occur with typical symptoms of peripheral neuropathic pain. Clinicians hardly consider this entity when faced with the swelling of a peripheral nerve and the diagnosis is reached only with histological examination. Nerves of limbs are usually affected and the solid glomus tumor is the most frequent histological variant. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 55-year-old man presented with a glomus tumor of the anterior supraclavicular nerve of the left cervical plexus, misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as neuroma. Despite the preoperative suspicion and the intraoperative appearance, the histological examination revealed a glomus tumor with a prevalent muscular component, a glomangiomyoma. Once the tumor was removed, pain regressed completely. CONCLUSIONS: Because of its rarity, pre-operative diagnosis of glomus tumors is still a challenge, especially when arising from peripheral nerves. In the presence of chronic localized neuroma-type pain and sensitivity, glomus tumors should be considered in the pool of differential diagnosis, even if the imaging is not conclusive.

Glomangioma Supply from Profunda Femoris Artery in Peripheral Artery Disease.

This is a case report of a 5.6 cm glomangioma supplied by the femoral profunda artery in a 66-year-old male patient with severe peripheral artery disease. The patient complained of discomfort and mild pain at the place of the lesion and an accelerated growth rate in the last two months. A nodular mass located laterally on the left foot, elastic, covered with a thin skin, and mobile, was noted on the clinical exam. Doppler exam demonstrated an active vascular supply. CT angiography showed a femoral profunda artery blood supply and a severe asymptomatic bilateral peripheral artery disease (PAD). The lesion was removed entirely by surgery. A microscopy exam revealed a glomangioma. After surgery, the patient recovered unevenly. However, the patient experienced wound-healing issues that resolved after four weeks of surgery. Although the patient's PAD was severe, the lesion presented with a burst in dimensions weeks before surgery.

Vulvar glomangioma: A case report and literature review.

GLMN is a gene that encodes a critical protein necessary for normal vascular development. Mutations of GLMN predispose individuals to development of glomangiomas, with nearly 100% penetrance by age 30. Glomangiomas are tumors of the glomus body, a thermoregulatory arterial-venous shunt composed of modified smooth muscle cells. Vulvar glomangioma is an exceedingly rare cause of chronic pelvic pain, that may be easily confused for other conditions such as Bartholin's gland abscess or deep angiomxyomas, thereby delaying diagnosis and treatment. Glomangiomas have characteristic pathologic and imaging findings which may aid diagnosis. We herein describe the case of a 24-year-old female who developed chronic pelvic pain in the setting of a vulvar glomangioma. We further delineate the magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy findings critical to her diagnosis, and the appropriate steps taken for surgical management. She was found to harbor a heterozygous GLMN mutation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of such a case in the medical literature.

Glomangiomatosis of the lower leg.

This paper demonstrates a case of multiple glomangiomas, or glomangiomatosis, including clinical presentation, imaging appearances, and subsequent management. Differentiating features from typical glomus tumors are described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a glomangioma involving the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.

A rare case of a middle ear glomangioma.

Glomus tumors are benign hyperplasia of glomus bodies, and they are rarely found in the head and neck. The middle ear is an exceptionally rare site for a true glomus tumor, and there are only three previously reported cases in this location. Glomus tumors are etiologically different than glomus tympanicum, which are paragangliomas of the middle ear that are often mistakenly referred to as "glomus tumors." This is a common misconception due to the "glomus" misnomer. We report a case of a patient diagnosed with a middle ear glomangioma after initially presenting to our clinic with tinnitus and hearing loss. The mass was surgically removed through a transcanal approach with carbon dioxide laser and sharp dissection. Literature review is also reported and revealed similar presentations in patients with middle ear glomangiomas.

Rare Occurrence of Extradigital Glomangioma in the Prepatellar Bursa of a 40-Year-Old: A Case Study.

Introduction: A solitary subcutaneous mass can be a common clinical finding for patients symptomatic for knee pain, especially when direct pressure by kneeling on the anterior aspect of the knee causes pain. Case Report: We present a 40-year-old who noticed a small fluid filled mass that has become progressively larger and more painful over the past 7 years. The patient's primary complaint was sharp pain with direct contact. Ultimately, a surgical excision was performed to remove the mass. The histopathological report came back as a glomangioma, a subtype of a glomus tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest reported case of a glomangioma of the knee. Conclusion: Glomus tumors found on the digital and subungual regions of patients are a common clinical finding. An extradigital occurrence of a glomangioma, a subtype of a glomus tumor, is rarely found, especially in younger patients. Therefore, a histopathological examination must be done after the removal of any subcutaneous mass.

Extradigital Glomangioma of the Cutaneous Chest Wall.

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign tumors as a result of hyperplasia of glomus body. GT most commonly involves the subungual areas and rarely involves extra-digital sites. The clinical presentation of a glomus tumor is a triad of symptoms consisting of pain, cold intolerance, and pinpoint tenderness. Even though glomus tumors are benign, they can infrequently be malignant. Despite their benign nature, these lesions can cause disabling symptoms, therefore proper diagnosis and treatment is important. In this report, we present a 35-year-old Saudi male with a painful lesion on the right side of the chest wall at the posterior axillary line for seven years, with recent progressive growth and symptoms. Diagnosis of extra-digital glomangioma of the chest wall in this patient was confirmed by histopathology. The patient was managed by complete surgical excision of the lesion with the resolution of pain and without recurrence.

An Unusual Presentation of Large Glomangioma of the Hand.

Glomangiomas are rare and benign hamartomas that commonly occur in the upper extremities. It is not typical for benign glomangiomas to be larger than one centimeter in size, and they usually present as a faint, blue-red subungual papule associated with a triad of symptoms of paroxysmal pain, pain with cold exposure, and tenderness to touch. We herein report a case of a 72-year-old man with multiple comorbidities presented to our clinic as a case of right-hand middle finger swelling for the past five years. Initially, it was not painful. However, the pain became more noticeable when he lowers his hand, and it was relieved when he kept it elevated. There were no skin changes around it with minimal tenderness over the swelling. Hand MRI demonstrated a well-defined small lobulated nodule at the radial aspect of the middle finger, at the level of the middle phalanx with no invasion to an adjacent structure. Surgical excision was done and the patient was diagnosed by histopathology to have glomangioma. Glomangiomas, also known as glomus tumors, are rare and benign hamartomas that commonly occur in the upper extremities. The hand is the most common site for glomus tumors, particularly the subungual area, the lateral aspect of the digits, and the palms. Female patients are the most common to present with subungual glomangioma. Multiple papers reported different presentations, and due to the rarity of the conditions and overlapping in clinical and imaging characteristics with other conditions, it was challenging to diagnose. Such atypical cases must be approached with high clinical suspicion and proper imaging and investigations so as to not delay diagnosis and management.

Ethmoid glomangioma and oncogenic osteomalacia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Glomangioma is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin, derived from the glomus body. It is responsible for the thermal regulation of the dermis. The occurrence of oncogenic osteomalacia related to glomangioma is rare. Only two cases have been reported thus far. CASE PRESENTATION: A 32-year-old female, Brazilian, presented diffuse pain, during pregnancy, that developed progressively, limiting her mobility. Imaging showed a femoral neck fracture, and rheumatological laboratory examination showed hypophosphatemia. Also, the patient reported episodes of epistaxis during childhood and recurrence along with progressively right nasal obstruction. Endoscopic resection of the tumor was performed, and immunohistochemistry was conclusive for glomangioma. This case report describes the third case in which endonasal endoscopic surgery resulted in a favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: This case of glomangioma-induced oncogenic osteomalacia suggests that surgeons and clinicians should consider sinonasal tumors as a differential diagnosis of osteomalacia, and endonasal endoscopic surgery should be a possible curative resection.

Extradural glomus tumor of the thoracic spine: case report and review of the literature.

Glomus tumors are rare lesions that can arise anywhere along the spinal axis. Only 12 cases have been reported. We report a case of a patient with a rare glomangioma of the thoracic spine. Following a review of the 12 previous cases is a discussion of spinal glomus tumors, including clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. A single, recent case arising from the extradural space of the thoracic spine is described, followed by a literature review of spinal glomus tumors. Including our case, 13 cases of glomus tumors have been reported. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 44.6 years (range, 22-73 years) and the male-to-female (M:F) ratio was 1.17:1. The lesion was located in the cervical spine in 1 patient, the thoracic spine in 7 patients, the lumbar spine in 4 patients, and the sacrum in 1 patient. All the tumors were benign. However, there was 1 report of local recurrence because of incomplete removal. There were no malignant transformations, metastases, or deaths reported, with a mean follow-up of 20.09±28.43 months(range, 2-90 months). Spinal glomus tumors are rare, and the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. An overwhelming majority of glomus tumors are benign and are cured by simple local excision. Patients undergoing complete resection have an excellent long-term prognosis.

[Posterior mediastinal glomangiomatosis: Exceptional location of a rare tumour]. / La glomangiomatose médiastinale postérieure : localisation exceptionnelle d'une tumeur rare. À propos d'un cas.

INTRODUCTION: Glomangiomatosis is a benign tumour proliferation which develops from the glomus cells in the wall of a vessel, and which contains abnormal venous capillaries. Its usual location is dermal at the extremities, mediastinal presentation is exceptional. OBSERVATION: A 63-year-old patient, followed for scoliosis, was admitted for a spontaneous haemothorax. The CT scan found hypervascularized left paravertebral masses. Thoracoscopy with biopsy provided the diagnosis of a glomus tumour. Given that its diffuse nature makes surgical excision difficult and the risk of intraoperative bleeding very high, treatment with interleukin alpha 2 was proposed to the patient. After a 3-year course, we did not observe any evolutionary change in the lesions. CONCLUSION: Glomangiomatosis is an insidiously evolving vascular tumour which must be considered in the presence of vascular lesions. The reference treatment is surgical excision when possible. On the other hand, hasty surgery in diffuse forms remains dangerous given the haemorrhagic nature of this tumour.

Glomuvenous Malformation of the Neck.

The cells in glomus body regulate blood flow to the skin and play a role in temperature regulation. Glomuvenous malformations (GVMs), previously reported in literature as glomus tumors or glomangiomas, are usually present in the nail bed. In 1972, Carroll and Berman described the triad of paroxysmal stabbing pain, point tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity associated with these malformations. We present an unusual case of GVM in the neck of a 17-year-old female presenting with a painful right-sided neck mass. Physical examination revealed an approximately 2.5 × 2 cm right-sided tender neck mass; pain was exacerbated by probing with a pinhead. Computed tomography identified multiple rounded masses in the neck, with the delayed contrast filling. The patient underwent excisional biopsy of the lesion and samples were sent for histopathological examination. The histopathology report, along with the radiological findings and the clinical presentation, confirmed the diagnosis of GVM. The patient remained symptom-free on long-term follow-up. Despite absence of previous reports, GVM can occur in neck. Surgical excision can lead to complete resolution of symptoms.