Experiência no uso das ferramentas de abordagem familiar por uma equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família / Experiencia en el uso de herramientas de abordaje familiar por un equipo de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia / Family Health Strategy team's experience in the use of family approach tools

Problema: Experiência da intervenção de uma equipe multiprofissional da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em uma família por meio das ferramentas de abordagem familiar. Entre os problemas identificados no caso estão a sobrecarga de trabalho da paciente índice, diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) nos filhos dela, etilismo crônico do esposo e relacionamento hostil no ciclo familiar. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, de relato de experiência, desenvolvido em uma família da área de abrangência da equipe da ESF no segundo semestre de 2019, escolhida em razão da hiperutilização do serviço pela paciente índice. As ferramentas aplicadas foram o genograma, ecomapa, Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Outcome (FIRO), problem, roles, affect, communication, time in life, illness, coping with stress, environment/ecology (PRACTICE) e ciclo de vida familiar. Resultados: Com a aplicação das ferramentas foram identificadas as estruturas e modos de compartilhamento das relações familiares, os problemas de saúde presentes, os possíveis vínculos identificados e o estágio no ciclo de vida. Como modos de intervenção, a equipe propôs consultas de cuidado em saúde, assistência psicológica e escutas qualificadas. Além disso, por meio de reuniões intersetoriais, foi solucionado o problema escolar que afetava a condição de saúde da paciente. Conclusão: A aplicação das ferramentas foi um excelente método para realizar o estudo, pois permitiu uma visão global da família, além de identificar fragilidades a serem corrigidas ou minimizadas com recurso a intervenções pela equipe de saúde.

Problem: Intervention experience of a multidisciplinary team of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) through family approach tools. Among the problems identified in the case are the work overload of the index patient, diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in her children, husband's chronic alcoholism and hostile relationship within the family circle. Method: Descriptive and qualitative experience report. Developed by an ESF team in a family in the coverage area. Experience conducted in the second half of 2019. The tools applied were the genogram, ecomap, FIRO, PRACTICE and the family life cycle. The tools were chosen because of the index patient's frequent use of the ESF's services. Results: Through the application of the tools, the structures and ways of sharing family relationships, the health problems, the possible bonds identified and the stage in the life cycle were identified. As modes of intervention, the team proposed health care consultations, psychological assistance and qualified listening. In addition, through intersectional meetings, a school problem that affected the patient's health condition was solved. Conclusion: The application of the tools was an excellent method to carry out the study. It allowed a global view of the family, in addition to identifying weaknesses to be corrected or minimized, through interventions by the health team.

Problema: Experiencia de la intervención de un equipo multidisciplinario de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en una familia a través de herramientas de abordaje familiar. Entre los problemas identificados en el caso están la sobrecarga de trabajo de la paciente índice, diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en sus hijos, alcoholismo crónico del marido y relación hostil dentro del ciclo familiar. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo de relato de experiencia desarrollado en una familia de la zona de cobertura del equipo de la ESF en el segundo semestre de 2019. Las herramientas aplicadas fueron el genograma, ecomapa, F.I.R.O., P.R.A.C.T.I.C.E. y el ciclo de vida familiar, elegido por la sobreutilización del paciente índice de los servicios de la ESF. Resultados: Mediante la aplicación de las herramientas se identificaron las estructuras y formas de compartir las relaciones familiares, los problemas de salud presentes, los posibles vínculos identificados y la etapa del ciclo de vida. Como modos de intervención, el equipo propuso la consulta de salud, la asistencia psicológica y la escucha cualificada. Además, a través de reuniones intersectoriales se solucionó un problema escolar que afectaba el estado de salud del paciente. Conclusión: La aplicación de las herramientas fue un método excelente para la realización del estudio, ya que permitió una visión global de la familia, además de identificar debilidades a ser corregidas o minimizadas, a través de intervenciones del equipo de salud.

Informação e prevenção não farmacológica da COVID-19 no território de uma unidade de saúde da família em Pernambuco / Information and non-pharmacological prevention of COVID-19 in the territory of a family health unit in Pernambuco / Información y prevención no farmacológica del COVID-19 en el territorio de una unidad de salud de la familia en Pernambuco

Introdução: O conhecimento da magnitude em que a população implementa medidas de proteção emitidas pelas autoridades de saúde pública é essencial na prevenção da doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). A eficácia de medidas não farmacológicas de prevenção e das políticas públicas destinadas a reduzir o contágio pela COVID-19 depende de quão bem os indivíduos são informados sobre as consequências da infecção e as medidas que devem adotar para reduzir sua propagação. O entendimento, as atitudes e as práticas das pessoas em relação à COVID-19 e sua prevenção são basilares para a compreensão da dinâmica epidemiológica, demandando a realização de pesquisas sobre o cumprimento de medidas não farmacológicas de prevenção do contágio em diversos territórios. Para isso, em 2020, medidas não farmacológicas contra a COVID-19 foram divulgadas por fontes diversas, estatais e privadas, para a maior parte da população brasileira, com a finalidade de orientar comportamentos para conter a crise sanitária. As equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família têm um papel fundamental neste processo de educação em saúde, pois compreendem elementos socioculturais das suas comunidades, alcançando-as tanto em capilaridade quanto em adequação local da informação técnico-científica. Este artigo abrange uma pesquisa de campo, parte de um projeto multicêntrico nacional. Objetivo: Avaliar se a população do território de uma unidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família da cidade de Condado-PE entende e aplica as informações que recebeu sobre medidas não farmacológicas de prevenção em suas práticas de proteção contra a COVID-19. Mais especificamente, a pesquisa visou determinar que informações foram recebidas pelos respondentes, quais as suas fontes, o grau de confiabilidade atribuído a estas, além da adesão deles às medidas não farmacológicas e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Métodos: O modelo do estudo foi observacional e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, a partir da coleta de dados primários com 70 usuários por entrevista presencial com questionário estruturado. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a população recebeu vasta informação sobre prevenção da doença. Conclusão: Com níveis variados de confiabilidade das fontes, atribuindo importância relevante às medidas de prevenção e adotou a maioria delas, com exceção do isolamento social total.

Introduction: Knowledge of the magnitude to which the population implements protective measures issued by public health authorities is essential in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effectiveness of non-pharmacological prevention measures (NPM) and public policies aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19 depends on how well individuals are informed about the consequences of the infection and the measures they must adopt to reduce its spread. The understanding, attitudes, and practices of people in relation to COVID-19 and its prevention are fundamental for understanding the epidemiological dynamics, demanding research on compliance with NPM to prevent contagion in different territories. To this end, in 2020, NPM against COVID-19 were released by various sources, state and private, for most of the Brazilian population, with the aim of guiding behaviors to contain the health crisis. The Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams play a key role in this health education process, as they comprise sociocultural elements of their communities, reaching them both in capillarity and in local adequacy of technical-scientific information. This article covers field research, part of a national multicenter project. Objective: To evaluate whether the population of the territory of an FHS unit in the city of Condado, Pernambuco, understands and applies the information it received about NPM prevention in their practices to protect against COVID-19. More specifically, the research aimed to determine what information was received by the respondents, what are their sources, the degree of reliability attributed to these, in addition to their adherence to the NPM and their relationship with sociodemographic variables. Methods: The study model was observational and descriptive, with a quantitative approach, based on the collection of primary data with 70 users through face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the population received extensive information on disease prevention. Conclusion: With varying levels of reliability of the sources, attributing relevant importance to prevention measures and adopted most of them, with the exception of total social isolation.

El conocimiento de la magnitud con la que la población implementa las medidas de protección emitidas por las autoridades de salud pública es fundamental en la prevención de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). La efectividad de las medidas de prevención no farmacológicas (MFN) y de las políticas públicas dirigidas a reducir la propagación de la COVID-19 depende de qué tan bien se informe a las personas sobre las consecuencias de la infección y las medidas que deben adoptar para reducir su propagación. La comprensión, actitudes y prácticas de las personas con relación al COVID-19 y su prevención son fundamentales para comprender la dinámica epidemiológica, exigiendo investigaciones sobre el cumplimiento de las MNF para prevenir el contagio en diferentes territorios. Con ese fin, en 2020, MNF contra el COVID-19 fueron divulgados por diversas fuentes, estatales y privadas, para la mayoría de la población brasileña, con el objetivo de orientar comportamientos para contener la crisis sanitaria. Los equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) juegan un papel fundamental en este proceso de educación en salud, ya que integran elementos socioculturales de sus comunidades, alcanzándolas tanto en la capilaridad como en la adecuación local de la información técnico-científica. Este artículo aborda una investigación de campo, parte de un proyecto multicéntrico nacional, con el objetivo de evaluar si la población del territorio de una unidad de la ESF en la ciudad de Condado-PE comprende y aplica la información recibida sobre la prevención de MNF en sus prácticas de protección contra el COVID -19. Más específicamente, la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar qué información recibieron los encuestados, cuáles son sus fuentes, el grado de confiabilidad atribuido a estas, además de su adherencia al MNF y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. El modelo de estudio fue observacional y descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, basado en la recolección de datos primarios con 70 usuarios a través de entrevistas cara a cara con un cuestionario estructurado. Los resultados mostraron que la población recibió amplia información sobre prevención de la enfermedad, con diversos niveles de confiabilidad de las fuentes, atribuyendo importancia relevante a las medidas de prevención y adoptando la mayoría de ellas, con excepción del aislamiento social total.

Representações sociais sobre o planejamento reprodutivo entre mulheres em gravidez não planejada / Social representations of reproductive planning among women with unplanned pregnancies / Representaciones sociales sobre la planificación reproductiva de las mujeres con embarazo no planificado

Objetivo: conhecer as representações sociais sobre o planejamento reprodutivo entre mulheres em gravidez não planejada na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: estudo qualitativo, orientado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado com 15 gestantes, entre abril e maio de 2019. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram organizados por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, com auxílio do software DSCsoft©. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: as representações sociais das mulheres em gravidez não planejada evidenciadas pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo foram representadas por oito ideias centrais, a saber: "eu não me preveni, nem ele", "nós nos prevenimos", "eu comprava", "pegava no posto", "construir uma família", "ter esse acesso", "estou por fora" e "eu sei que é disponível". Conclusão: as representações sociais nos discursos das mulheres em gravidez não planejada estavam pautadas no desconhecimento acerca do planejamento reprodutivo, dos anticoncepcionais disponíveis e seu uso correto.

Objective: to understand the social representations of reproductive planning among women with unplanned pregnancies in the Family Health Strategy. Method: qualitative study, guided by the Theory of Social Representations, carried out with 15 pregnant women between April and May 2019. Semi-structured interviews were used. The data was organized using the Discourse of the Collective Subject, with the aid of DSCsoft© software. Research protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: the social representations of women with unplanned pregnancies as evidenced by the Collective Subject Discourse were represented by eight central ideas, namely: "I didn't prevent myself, nor did he", "we prevented ourselves", "I would buy it", "I would get it at the health center", "build a family", "have this access", "I am not aware" and "I know it is available". Conclusion: the social representations in the women's speeches about unplanned pregnancies were based on a lack of knowledge about reproductive planning, the contraceptives available and their correct use.

Objetivo: conocer las representaciones sociales sobre la planificación reproductiva de las mujeres con embarazo no planificado en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Método: estudio cualitativo, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizado con 15 mujeres embarazadas, entre abril y mayo de 2019. Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos fueron organizados mediante el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, con ayuda del software DSCsoft©. El protocolo de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: las representaciones sociales de las mujeres con embarazo no planificado reveladas por el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo fueron representadas por ocho ideas centrales, a saber: "yo no me cuidé y él tampoco", "nos cuidamos", "yo los compraba", "los buscaba en el centro de salud", "construir una familia", "tener acceso", "no participo" y "sé que está disponible". Conclusión: las representaciones sociales en los discursos de las mujeres con embarazo no planificado se basaron en la falta de conocimiento sobre la planificación reproductiva, en los anticonceptivos disponibles y su uso correcto.

Systemic Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in India. This review explores the epidemiological trends and the landscape of systemic therapy for HCC in the Indian context, acknowledging the recent shift in etiology from viral hepatitis to lifestyle-associated factors. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, including data from the Global Cancer Observatory and the Indian Council of Medical Research, along with a critical analysis of various clinical trials. The article investigates systemic therapies in-depth, discussing their mechanisms, efficacy, and adaptation to Indian healthcare framework. Progression-free survival with a hazard ratio of ≤0.6 compared to sorafenib, overall survival of ∼16-19 months, and objective response rate of 20-30% are the defining thresholds for systemic therapy clinical trials. Systemic therapy for advanced HCC in India primarily involves the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and cabozantinib, with sorafenib being the most commonly used drug for a long time. Monoclonal antibodies such as ramucirumab and bevacizumab and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, such as atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, are expanding treatment horizons. Lenvatinib has emerged as a cost-effective alternative, and the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of overall survival and progression-free survival. Despite these advances, late-stage diagnosis and limited healthcare accessibility pose significant challenges, often relegating patients to palliative care. Addressing HCC in India demands an integrative approach that not only encompasses advancements in systemic therapy but also targets early detection and comprehensive care models. Future strategies should focus on enhancing awareness, screening for high-risk populations, and overcoming infrastructural disparities. Ensuring the judicious use of systemic therapies within the constraints of the Indian healthcare economy is crucial. Ultimately, a nuanced understanding of systemic therapeutic options and their optimal utilization will be pivotal in elevating the standard of HCC care in India.

Delineating dengue risk zones in Jaipur: An interdisciplinary approach to inform public health strategies.

Dengue fever (DF) is a pervasive public health concern in tropical climates, with densely populated regions, such as India, disproportionately affected. Addressing this issue requires a multifaceted understanding of the environmental and sociocultural factors that contribute to the risk of dengue infection. This study aimed to identify high-risk zones for DF in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, by integrating physical, demographic, and epidemiological data in a comprehensive risk analysis framework. We investigated environmental variables, such as soil type and plant cover, to characterize the potential habitats of Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue vector. Concurrently, demographic metrics were evaluated to assess the population's susceptibility to dengue outbreaks. High-risk areas were systematically identified through a comparative analysis that integrated population density and incidence rates per ward. The results revealed a significant correlation between high population density and an increased risk of dengue, predominantly facilitated by vertical transmission. Spatially, these high-risk zones are concentrated in the northern and southern sectors of Jaipur, with the northern and southwestern wards exhibiting the most acute risk profiles. This study underscores the importance of targeted public health interventions and vaccination campaigns in vulnerable areas. It further lays the groundwork for future research to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions, thereby contributing to the development of robust evidence-based strategies for dengue risk mitigation.

Epidemiological Characterization of Dengue Fever - Yunnan Province, China, 2010-2021.

Objective: The goal of this study is to analyze the epidemiological patterns of dengue fever across different districts and counties in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2021. Methods: In this study, we employed joinpoint regression analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and space-time scan analysis to illustrate the spatio-temporal propagation and demographic influence of dengue fever, using both graphical and tabular presentations to clearly demonstrate the findings. Results: Yunnan Province reported 14,098 cases of dengue fever during the period from 2010 to 2021. Of these, 11,513 cases were caused by local transmission, 2,566 were imported internationally, and 19 were inter-provincial imports. Seasonal trends emerged, revealing a surge in incidences during the summer and autumn months. The sex ratio of male to female cases was 1:0.88, with a significant majority of 82.00% of cases involving individuals belonging to the age group of 15-60. Commercial service workers constituted the most impacted occupational group, forming 20.96% of total cases. A spatio-temporal scan identified significant clustering of dengue fever cases across space and time, with the most pronounced cluster observed in southern Yunnan, primarily between 2015 and 2019. Conclusions: Dengue fever in Yunnan Province manifests as biennial outbreaks, underscoring the necessity for increased surveillance, particularly in counties bordering other regions.

Situational Analysis of Malaria Incidence Under Integrated Malaria Service in Hotspot Township - Minbya Township, Rakhine State, Myanmar, 2017-2020.

Introduction: Malaria is a significant public health concern and tropical disease, particularly affecting Myanmar within the Greater Mekong Subregion. The annual parasite index (API) exceeds 1 per 10,000 population in the northern seven townships of Rakhine State, with Minbya Township designated as a high-burden area for malaria by the World Health Organization (WHO) Myanmar and the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Since 2017, the Malaria reduction intensification plan has been in place in this township to combat the high disease transmission rates. This study aims to assess the malaria epidemiology in Minbya Township from 2017 to 2020 under the intensification plan for elimination, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy in reducing cases in hotspot areas. Methods: The study utilized a surveillance study design to collect secondary data from the Malaria surveillance system (MSS) and the epidemiologic monitoring dashboard of Minbya Township, Maruk-U District, located in Rakhine State. Results: Since 2017, the Malaria prevention and control (P&C) Program in Minbya Township has successfully decreased malaria morbidity, eliminated malaria-related deaths, and bolstered malaria testing capabilities through the participation of village health volunteers (VHVs). Approximately 87% of malaria prevention and control services are executed by the township's malaria elimination and disease control programs, with additional support from stakeholders. The API dropped from 13 in 2017 to 2.5 in 2020, with Plasmodium vivax being the most prevalent malaria species, accounting for 55% of cases. Conclusions: The study suggests that early diagnosis and promotion of artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT), along with strategic planning including expanding active case detection in rural health centers and implementing a community-based integrated healthcare approach, are effective and efficient strategies for malaria elimination.

[The current state of healthcare provision: Between inequalities in access to care and new systemic measures]. / État des lieux de l'offre de soins : entre inégalités d'accès aux soins et nouvelles mesures systémiques.

Although France's healthcare system is rich in multi-faceted skills, both in the community and in hospitals, and implemented by a range of medical, paramedical and medico-social professionals, it is no longer able to meet the health needs of all. Today, these social inequalities in health require us to rethink our policies and redesign existing systems, in order to develop new alternatives that will make quality care and health maintenance accessible to all.

Manejo de saúde mental na atenção primária: relato de experiência com ferramentas de abordagem familiar / Management of mental health in primary care: an experience report with family approach tools / Manejo de la salud mental en atención primaria: informe de experiencia con herramientas de abordaje familiar

Quando atuamos no nível da Atenção Primária, nas Equipes de Saúde da Família, o vínculo com a população e com os atendidos é essencial para o desenvolvimento do trabalho de cuidado. Conhecendo o território, é possível uma aproximação e um fazer consistente com as ferramentas adequadas, que visem à melhoria da população adscrita e do núcleo familiar. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de acompanhamento de uma família cadastrada em uma Equipe de Saúde da Família do Município de Montes Claros, MG, utilizando-se as seguintes ferramentas de abordagem familiar: Genograma, Ecomapa, Ciclo de Vida, F.I.R.O. e P.R.A.C.T.I.C.E. Elas permitiram o aprofundamento na dinâmica familiar, em seu histórico de saúde e convivência social, possibilitando a proposição de uma intervenção adequada. A coleta de dados foi feita em entrevistas nas visitas domiciliares realizadas pelos profissionais. As propostas de intervenção foram feitas por meio da conferência familiar realizada com seus membros. As ferramentas de abordagem familiar possibilitaram que a equipe interviesse de acordo com a realidade da família em questão, gerando um cuidado em saúde em uma perspectiva ampliada.

In work at Primary Care level with Family Health Strategies, the bond with the served population and families is essential to develop care work. Knowing the territory makes it possible to approach and act consistently with the appropriate tools to improve the enrolled population and family nuclei. Thus, this study aims to report a case study of a family registered with a family health team in the municipality of Montes Claros, MG, using the following family approach tools: Genogram, Ecomapa, Life Cycle, F.I.R.O., and P.R.A.C.T.I.C.E. The use of these tools made it possible to delve deeper into family dynamics, their health history, and social coexistence, making it possible to propose an appropriate intervention. Data were collected by interviews during home visits carried out by professionals. Intervention proposals were made by family conferences held with family members. Family approach tools enabled the family health team to act, intervening according to the reality of the family in question and enabling health care from a broader perspective.

Cuando trabajamos en el nivel de atención primaria, en equipos de Estrategias de Salud Familiar, el vínculo con la población y las familias atendidas es fundamental para el desarrollo del trabajo de asistencia. El conocimiento del territorio permite abordar y actuar coherentemente con las herramientas adecuadas, encaminadas a mejorar la población asignada y el núcleo familiar. Así, este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un estudio de caso de una familia registrada en un equipo de salud familiar en la ciudad de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais (Brasil), utilizando las siguientes herramientas de abordaje familiar: Genograma, Ecomapa, Ciclo de Vida, F.I.R.O. y P.R.A.C.T.I.C.E. El uso de estas herramientas permitió profundizar en la dinámica familiar, su historia de salud y convivencia social, lo que posibilitó proponer una intervención adecuada. La recolección de datos se realizó por entrevistas durante visitas domiciliarias realizadas por profesionales. Las propuestas de intervención se realizaron por conferencias familiares realizadas con los familiares. Las herramientas del abordaje familiar permitieron al equipo de salud familiar actuar interviniendo de acuerdo con la realidad de la familia en cuestión y posibilitando la atención de la salud desde una perspectiva más amplia.

Public acceptance of COVID-19 control measures and associated factors during Omicron-dominant period in China: a cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the public acceptance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control measures during the Omicron-dominant period and its associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was conducted and 1391 study participants were openly recruited to participate in the questionnaire survey. Logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between the public acceptance and potential factors more specifically. RESULTS: By August 26, 2022, 58.9% of the study participants were less acceptive of the control measures while 41.1% expressed higher acceptance. Factors associated with lower acceptance included young age, such as < 18 (OR = 8.251, 95% CI: 2.009 to 33.889) and 18-29 (OR = 2.349, 95% CI: 1.564 to 3.529), and household per capita monthly income lower than 5000 yuan (OR = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.085 to 2.105). Furthermore, individuals who perceived that the case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was very low (OR = 6.010, 95% CI: 2.475 to 14.595) and that the restrictions could be eased once the CFR dropped to 2-3 times of the influenza (OR = 2.792, 95% CI: 1.939 to 4.023) showed greater oppositional attitudes. Likewise, respondents who were dissatisfied with control measures (OR = 9.639, 95% CI: 4.425 to 20.998) or preferred fully relaxation as soon as possible (OR = 13.571, 95% CI: 7.751 to 23.758) had even lower acceptability. By contrast, rural residents (OR = 0.683, 95% CI: 0.473 to 0.987), students (OR = 0.510, 95% CI: 0.276 to 0.941), public (OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.240 to 0.727) and private (OR = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.320 to 0.986) employees, and vaccinated participants (OR = 0.393, 95% CI: 0.204 to 0.756) were more compliant with control measures. CONCLUSION: More than half of the Chinese public were less supportive of COVID-19 control measures during Omicron-dominant period, which varied based on their different demographic characteristics, cognition and overall attitude towards SARS-CoV-2 infection. Control measures that struck a balance between public safety and individual freedom would be more acceptable during the pandemic.

Bibliometric analysis on palliative care in Morocco.

BACKGROUND: No specific evaluation of palliative care (PC) has been carried out to date despite its effective integration into Moroccan healthcare strategy. AIMS: To analyse the evolution of PC-related research in Morocco over the last two decades. METHODS: In this study, articles indexed in Web Of Science and PubMED that include the words Morocco and palliative, in their content, in French and English, with at least one author affiliated to a Moroccan institution and published between 2000 and 2020, were evaluated with bibliometrics methods to determine a timeline, a mapping of publications and collaborations, and the main journals, types and topics of publications. FINDINGS: A total of 87.1% of articles have been published since 2011. Some 82.1% concern oncology. A total of 48.5% were produced within the same institution and international collaboration represents only 9.9% of the articles. CONCLUSION: The number of PC related articles have increased since 2011, especially in regions with a greater supply of oncology care.

Infant Mortality Screening and Prevention Initiatives in Nepal.

Infant mortality is one of the leading public health crises in Nepal. While Nepal has made significant advances in mitigating under-five mortality, much work is still needed to be done regarding the healthcare of infants. The Nepalese government has identified this as a problem and has introduced a series of interventions to improve the health outcomes of infants. The aim of this review is to identify the goals, interventions, and effectiveness of major infant mortality prevention programs around the country. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. The literature search revealed six programs that Nepal has utilized to combat infant mortality. The Community Based Management of Childhood Illness (CB-IMCI) program utilizes specially trained community workers to help identify and treat children with common childhood illnesses. The National Neonatal Health Strategy (NNHS) links families to the community and then to the broader healthcare system, with success found in its referral system. The Safe Delivery Incentives Program (SDIP) has found success with monetizing safe delivery practices, and shown an increase in safe deliveries with skilled healthcare workers present. Free Newborn Care (FNC) services were aimed at treating sick newborns for free, but ongoing concerns for program sustainability have led to further revision. The Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) is another plan aimed at preventing newborn deaths through improving health system administration and finances, but with limited efficacy data, it is hard to determine its success due to the lack of objective benchmark markers and data collected. Finally, the Birth Preparedness Package (BPP) is a highly efficacious program that encourages communities to plan for pregnancies by planning for delay barriers. Nepal has made significant strides in reducing infant mortality; however, much work still needs to be done. From 1990 to 2020, Nepal has reduced the under-five mortality rate from 138.8 deaths per 1,000 live births to 28.2 deaths per 1,000 live births.

Retrospective Cohort Study on Determinants of Mechanical Ventilation Duration of COVID-19 ICU Patients.

Background In the face of the ongoing global health crisis posed by COVID-19, it becomes imperative to understand the disease's dynamics, particularly in specific regions. This study provides a detailed examination of the factors influencing mechanical ventilation (MV) duration among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care setting, focusing on a diverse patient cohort from the Al Hassa region of Saudi Arabia. The primary aim of this study was to identify key demographic factors, clinical outcomes, and comorbidities that affect the duration of MV among ICU patients with COVID-19. This understanding is crucial for enhancing patient care and informing healthcare strategies in the context of the pandemic. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to the ICU in the Al Hassa region. The total number of participants was 1,259. Using a systematic sampling method, these participants were chosen to create a representative sample that reflects the prevailing treatment protocols in ICUs across these hospitals. Data encompassed patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical outcomes, and MV duration. Statistical analyses were employed to explore the associations between these variables. Results Our findings reveal a total of 1,259 participants significant associations between MV duration and various factors, including nationality, legal status, travel history, and comorbidities like heart failure and immunocompromised status. These insights are instrumental in understanding the nuances of COVID-19 management in critical care. Conclusion The study provides valuable insights into the determinants of MV duration in severe COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the need for individualized patient care approaches. It highlights the complexity of managing COVID-19 in ICU settings and underscores the importance of tailored healthcare responses to this global health challenge, particularly in the Al Hassa region.

A ótica do enfermeiro sob a pesquisa em enfermagem na estratégia saúde da família, no município de Maceió/AL / The nurse's perspective on nursing research in the family health strategy, in the city of Maceió/AL

Analisar como a pesquisa é vivenciada pelos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada junto aos enfermeiros do município de Maceió, Alagoas. Resultado: o município consta com 86 enfermeiros na Estratégia, sendo todos do sexo feminino. Desses, 10 foram submetidos a entrevista semiestruturada onde foi possível a elaboração de cinco categorias: a pesquisa e a vivência na Estratégia, a pesquisa e a economia, a pesquisa e a família, a pesquisa e à docência e a pesquisa e o crescimento profissional. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro precisa se apropriar da pesquisa científica e utilizá-la no seu campo de trabalho, principalmente na Saúde Pública, pois grande parte das pesquisas realizadas por estes profissionais ainda estão concentradas na docência, nos cursos de especializações, mestrados e doutorados.(AU)

To analyze how research is experienced by nurses in the Family Health Strategy. Method: research with a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach carried out with nurses from the city of Maceio, Alagoas. Result: the municipality has 86 nurses in the Strategy, all being female. Of these, 10 were subjected to a semi-structured interview where it was possible to create five categories: research and experience in Strategy, research and economics, research and family, research and teaching and research and professional growth. It is concluded that nurses need to take ownership of scientific research and use it in your field of work, mainly in Public Health, as much of the research carried out by these professionals is still concentrated in teaching in specialization, master's and doctoral courses.(AU)

Analizar cómo es vivida la investigación por enfermeros en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Método: investigación con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio realizada con enfermeros de la ciudad de Maceió, Alagoas. Resultado: el municipio cuenta con 86 enfermeras en la Estrategia, todas mujeres. De ellos, 10 fueron sometidos a una entrevista semiestructurada donde fue posible crear cinco categorías: investigación y experiencia en Estrategia, investigación y economía, investigación y familia, investigación y docencia e investigación y crecimiento profesional. Se concluye que el enfermero necesita apropiarse de la investigación científica y utilizarla en su campo de trabajo, especialmente en Salud Pública, pues gran parte de la investigación realizada por estos profesionales aún se concentra en la docencia, cursos de especialización, maestrías y doctorados.(AU)

Quality of life of older adults in Family Health Strategy: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: With the increase in the older adult population, it is essential to identify the living and health conditions that can impact the quality of life of these individuals. OBJECTIVES: To identify the domains and factors associated with the quality of life of older adults under the Family Health Strategy program. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: We assessed 449 older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategy program. Data were collected between April and July, 2018. World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-OLD) was used to assess the quality of life (QoL) and multiple linear regression was used to estimate the factors associated with QoL. RESULTS: The QoL domain with the highest score was death and dying (mean = 70.4), and the lowest score was for sensory functions (mean = 61.0 points). The factors associated with QoL were single marital status (β = -4.55; P = 0.014), level of independence for daily living activities (β = 4.92; P < 0.001), self-assessment of regular health (β = 5.35; P < 0.001), and poor health (β = -8.67; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The death and dying domain of QoL presented the highest score. Marital status, impairment in daily activities, and health self-assessment were associated with QoL.

Factors associated with interprofessional collaboration in Primary Health Care: a multilevel analysis / Fatores associados à colaboração interprofissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma análise multinível

Abstract Working with an interprofessional focus is increasingly necessary, in view of the growing complexity of the population's health needs. This study aims to assess interprofessional collaboration and the teamwork climate in primary health care (PHC) and determine whether there is a relationship between these two variables. The AITCS-II instrument was used to measure interprofessional collaboration, while to diagnose teamwork climate, the ECTE instrument was used, a version adapted to the SUS context of the Teamwork Climate Inventory instrument. These two instruments were applied online together with a questionnaire for the sociodemographic characterization of the 544 participants, who belonged to 97 Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams in a Brazilian municipality. The obtained data were submitted to a multilevel analysis. A positive correlation was observed between interprofessional collaboration and three of the four teamwork climate factors. The better the work climate, the better the interprofessional collaboration in the corresponding team, and this characteristic stands out in relation to other individual analyzed characteristics.

Resumo Trabalhar com foco interprofissional é cada vez mais necessário, tendo em vista a crescente complexidade das necessidades de saúde da população. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a colaboração interprofissional e o clima de trabalho em equipe na atenção primária à saúde (APS) e verificar possível relação entre estas duas variáveis. Para mensurar a colaboração interprofissional foi utilizado o instrumento AITCS-II, enquanto para o diagnóstico do clima de trabalho em equipe foi utilizado o instrumento ECTE, versão adaptada para o contexto SUS do instrumento Teamwork Climate Inventory. Esses dois instrumentos foram aplicados on-line juntamente com um questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica dos 544 participantes, pertencentes a 97 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de um município brasileiro. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a uma análise multinível. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre a colaboração interprofissional e três dos quatro fatores do clima de trabalho em equipe. Quanto melhor o clima de trabalho, melhor a colaboração interprofissional na equipe correspondente, e essa característica se destaca em relação às demais características individuais analisadas.

Avaliação da puericultura na Estratégia Saúde da Família em município-sede de macrorregião de saúde / Evaluation of childcare in the Family Health Strategy in a municipality in the health macro-region

Resumo Avaliou-se a puericultura na ESF em município-sede de macrorregião de saúde do Nordeste brasileiro. Realizou-se estudo avaliativo com dois níveis de análise: a gestão municipal e local. Aprofundou-se a avaliação local em quatro EqSF mediante entrevistas com gestores, profissionais e puérperas, análise documental e observação não-participante. As fontes de dados foram trianguladas e processadas no software Nvivo, e o material empírico cotejado com uma situação-objetivo segundo os níveis de análise da pesquisa e elaborada pelos pesquisadores. No nível municipal, a definição clara de atribuições para os pontos de atenção em puericultura e fluxos assistenciais foi um dos critérios mais críticos e, no âmbito local, a integração de ações com outros serviços primários, a contrarreferência e ações educativas coletivas no território. A implementação das práticas de puericultura nas EqSF é fortemente dependente dos determinantes político-organizacionais entre o âmbito municipal e local, e os resultados aqui evidenciados podem se aplicar a outros sistemas municipais de saúde com configurações semelhantes. Este estudo contribuiu para a avaliação da puericultura sustentada na proposição de critérios que consideraram a interdependência municipal e local na organização das ações de avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil.

Abstract Childcare was evaluated in the ESF in a municipality that is the headquarters of a health macro-region in the Brazilian Northeast. An evaluative study was carried out with two levels of analysis: municipal and local management. The local assessment was deepened in four EqSF through interviews with managers, professionals and postpartum women, document analysis and non-participant observation. The data sources were triangulated and processed in the Nvivo software, and the empirical material was compared with an objective situation according to the research analysis levels and prepared by the researchers. At the municipal level, the clear definition of assignments for childcare care points and assistance flows was one of the most critical criteria and, at the local level, the integration of actions with other primary services, counter-referral and collective educational actions in the territory. The implementation of childcare practices in EqSF is strongly dependent on political-organizational determinants between the municipal and local levels, and the results shown here may apply to other municipal health systems with similar configurations. This study contributed to the evaluation of childcare based on the proposition of criteria that considered municipal and local interdependence in the organization of actions to evaluate child growth and development.

Elaboração de instrumento e validação de uma matriz de competências para enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família / Development of an instrument and validation of a competence matrix for nurses in the family health strategy / Desarrollo de un instrumento y validación de una matriz de competencias para enfermeros en la estrategia de salud de la familia

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de validação de uma matriz de competências para o Enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Relato de experiência desenvolvido a partir da validação de uma matriz de competências utilizando o referencial de Philippe Zarifian. Resultados: É descrito o processo de validação da matriz, com nove competência e suas definições, o envio e recebimento dos questionários, o passo a passo da técnica de Delphi até o processo de validação da consistência, confiabilidade e índice de avaliação de conteúdo. Conclusão: A proposta de descrição das etapas desenvolvidas no estudo de validação de matriz de competências mostra-se adequado e pode auxiliar na elaboração destes em outras áreas da Enfermagem.

Objective: To describe the validation process of a competency matrix for the Family Health Strategy Nurse. Method: Experience report developed from the validation of a competency matrix using Philippe Zarifian's framework. Results: The validation process of the matrix is described, with nine competences and their definitions, the sending and receiving of questionnaires, the step-by-step process of the Delphi technique until the process of validation of consistency, reliability and content evaluation index. Conclusion: The proposed description of the stages developed in the study of validation of the matrix of competences is adequate and can help in the elaboration of these in other areas of Nursing.

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de validación de una matriz de competencias para el Enfermero de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Método: Informe de experiencia desarrollado a partir de la validación de una matriz de competencias utilizando el frame- work de Philippe Zarifian. Resultados: Se describe el proceso de validación de la matriz, con nueve competencias y sus definiciones, el envío y recepción de cuestionarios, el pro- ceso paso a paso de la técnica Delphi hasta el proceso de validación de consistencia, con- fiabilidad y evaluación de contenido. índice. Conclusión: La descripción propuesta de las etapas desarrolladas en el estudio de validación de la matriz de competencias es adecuada y puede auxiliar en la elaboración de estas en otras áreas de Enfermería.

Qualidade de vida no trabalho na estratégia saúde da família durante a pandemia da Covid-19 / Quality of work life in the family health strategy during the Covid-19 pandemic / Calidad de vida en el trabajo en la estrategia de salud familiar durante la pandemia del Covid-19

Objetivos: analisar a qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) na Estratégia Saúde da Família durante o período pandêmico e identificar na visão dos trabalhadores sugestões para promoção da qualidade de vida no ambiente laboral. Métodos: estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado entre outubro de 2020 a junho de 2021 nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Palmas, capital do Tocantins, Brasil. Investigou-se o perfil sociodemográfico, a QVT por meio do Quality of Working Life Questionnaire (QOLWQbref) e sugestões para sua melhoria. Resultados: a QVT foi satisfatória para 91,96% dos 112 participantes, com níveis médios a altos em todos os domínios. Aqueles que não consideravam o trabalho estressante alcançaram melhor QVT. Entre as 113 sugestões para promoção da QVT, destacaram-se aspectos relacionados à Condições de Trabalho (29,19%) e Relacionamento na Equipe (19,46%). Conclusão: apesar da pandemia, a maioria dos participantes avaliaram QVT como satisfatória. As sugestões dos trabalhadores podem colaborar para manutenção e melhoria da QVT, protegendo a saúde do trabalhador(AU)

Objective: to analyze the quality of life at work QoWL in the Family Health Strategy during the pandemic period and to identify suggestions for promoting quality of life in the work environment from the workers' point of view. Methods: quantitative study, carried out between October/2020 and June/2021 in the Primary Care Units of a Palmas, capital in Tocantins, Brazil. The sociodemographic profile, QoWL through the Quality of Working Life Questionnaire (QoWLQ-bref) and suggestions for its improvement were investigated. Results: the QoWL was satisfactory for 91.96% of the 112 participants, with medium to high levels in all domains. Those who did not consider work stressful achieved better QoWL. Of the 113 suggestions for promoting QoWL, aspects related to Working Conditions (29.19%) and Team Relationships (19.46%) stood out. Conclusion: despite the pandemic, most participants rated QoWL as satisfactory. Workers' suggestions can collaborate to maintain and improve QoWL, protecting workers' health(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la calidad de vida en el trabajo (CVT) en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia durante el período pandémico e identificar sugerencias para la promoción de la calidad de vida en el ambiente laboral desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, realizado entre octubre/2020 y junio/2021 en las Unidades Básicas de Salud de Palmas, capital del Tocantins, Brasil. Se investigó el perfil sociodemográfico, la CVL a través del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Laboral - Quality of Working Life Questionnaire (QoWLQ-bref) y sugerencias para su mejora. Resultados: la CVL fue satisfactoria para el 91,96% de los 112 participantes, cuyos niveles fueron de medios a altos en todos los dominios. Aquellos que no consideraban el trabajo estresante lograron mejor CVT. De las 113 sugerencias para promover la CVT, se destacaron aspectos relacionados con las Condiciones de Trabajo (29,19%) y las Relaciones de Equipo (19,46%). Conclusión: a pesar de la pandemia, la mayoría de los participantes calificaron la CVT como satisfactoria. Las sugerencias de los trabajadores pueden colaborar para mantener y mejorar la CVT, protegiendo la salud de los trabajadores(AU)