RESUMO
Recently, the VALENF instrument, Nursing Assessment by its acronym in Spanish, was developed as a meta-tool composed of only seven items with a more parsimonious approach for nursing assessment in adult hospitalization units. This meta-tool integrates the assessment of functional capacity, the risk of pressure injuries and the risk of falls. The general objective of this project is to validate the VALENF instrument by studying its diagnostic accuracy against the instruments commonly used in nursing to assess functional capacity, the risk of pressure injuries and the risk of falls. An observational, longitudinal, prospective study is presented, with recruitment and random selection based on admissions to six adult hospitalization units of the Hospital Universitario de La Plana. The study population will be made up of patients hospitalized in these units. The inclusion criteria will be patients over 18 years of age with a nursing assessment within the first 24 h of admission and an expected length of stay greater than 48 h and who sign the informed consent form. The exclusion criteria will be transfers from other units or centers. A sample of 521 participants is estimated as necessary. The evaluation test will be the VALENF instrument, and the reference tests will be the Barthel, Braden and Downton indices. Sociodemographic variables related to the care process and results such as functional loss, falls or pressure injuries will be collected. The evolution of functional capacity, the risk of falls and the risk of pressure injuries will be analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of the VALENF instrument will be calculated and compared to those of the usual instruments. A survival analysis will be performed for pressure injuries, falls and patients with functional loss. The VALENF instrument is expected to have at least the same diagnostic validity as the original instruments.Trial registration The study will be retrospectively registered (ISRCTN 17699562, 25/07/2023).
RESUMO
A gestão dos hospitais tem sido cada vez mais difícil. Os problemas são causados, principalmente, em função da escassez de recursos financeiros, aumento da demanda, que resulta em longas filas de espera para iniciar tratamentos, falta de vagas em leitos de internação, aumento dos custos operacionais e limitações do espaço físico. No cenário hospitalar, o custo com internação é um dos maiores, sendo apontado como um dos principais responsáveis pelo aumento dos gastos médico-hospitalares que crescem acima da inflação geral. Partindo dessa dificuldade, faz-se necessário adotar um novo método capaz de eliminar os desperdícios e gerar valor para o paciente. O lean healthcare demonstrou ser um método capaz de solucionar os principais problemas nas instituições hospitalares, tratando-se de metodologia com foco na geração de valor para o cliente e, com isso, reduzindo os desperdícios nas atividades das instituições. Contudo, os gestores encontram dificuldades para implementá-la, haja vista que se trata de uma metodologia muito complexa, que demanda profissionais que contemplem o completo domínio da temática, a fim de obter êxito nos resultados. Nesse contexto, as tecnologias de informação e comunicação se apresentam como um recurso estratégico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) uma das mais importantes. Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver um protótipo de um AVA que contemple os passos para a implementação de melhores ferramentas e práticas da metodologia lean healthcare para setor de internação em instituições hospitalares. Para o desenvolvimento do AVA, este trabalho baseou-se no Modelo do Design Institucional. Como primeira etapa, foi realizada a revisão integrativa da literatura visando identificar na literatura problemas nos processos de trabalho do setor de internação de instituições hospitalares, bem como as ferramentas utilizadas nas implementações da metodologia lean healthcare. Dentre os problemas identificados, destaca-se o tempo de permanência do paciente, levando a uma sobrecarga dos leitos de internação, o atraso nas altas hospitalares, e os erros durante a prestação do cuidado. A partir desse resultado, o protótipo do AVA foi desenvolvido e está disponível no endereço eletrônico: < https://diangelessilva.wixsite.com/website>. Como proposta futura, o ambiente virtual será avaliado por especialistas na metodologia lean, por especialistas em informática e novas demandas para setor de internação relacionadas ao lean healthcare serão identificadas e acrescentadas
The management of hospitals has been increasingly difficult. The problems are caused, mainly, by the role of financial resources, resulting in long lines to start treatments, lack of places in hospital beds, some increase in operating costs and restriction in physical space. In the hospital set, the cost of hospitalization is one of the largest, being appointed as one of the main responsible for the increment in medical and hospital that grow above the general inflation. Beginning form this difficulty, it is necessary to adopt a new method capable to eliminate waste and to generate value for the patient. The lean healthcare proved to be a capable method of solving problems in hospital institutions, being a methodology focused on generating of value for the client and, therefore, reducing the waste in the activities of the institutions. However, the managers find difficulties to implement it, because it is a very complex methodology that demands professionals who can complete the mastery of the subject in order to achieve the results. In this context, the technologies of information and communication are presented as a strategic resource in the teaching-learning process, being the virtual learning environment (VLE) one of the most important. This study has as aim to develop a prototype of a VLE that look on the steps for the implementation of the better tools and practices of the methodology of lean healthcare for the hospitalization sector in hospital institute. For the development of VLE, this research was based on the Institutional Design Model. As the first step, an integrative review of literature was fulfilled objecting to identify in the literature problems in the processes of the work of the hospitalization sector of hospital institutions, as well the tools used in the implementations of the lean healthcare methodology. Among the problems identified, stands out the length of stay of the patient, leading to an overload of hospital beds, delays in hospital discharge, and the errors during the care installment. From this result, the VLE prototype was developed and it is available at the electronic address: < https://diangelessilva.wixsite.com/website>. As a future proposal, experts in lean methodology, by computer experts, will evaluate the virtual environment and new demands for hospitalization related to lean healthcare will be identified and added
Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Admissão de Pacientes/organização & administração , Educação a Distância/organização & administração , Tecnologia da Informação , Administração Hospitalar/educaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo transversal foi realizado com usuários de crack do sexo masculino internados na Unidade de Desintoxicação do Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre (RS) no período de março a dezembro de 2007. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e de consumo de substâncias psicoativas e a presença de conduta anti-social, sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão em usuários de crack internados na Unidade de Desintoxicação do Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro de Porto Alegre (RS), bem como verificar fatores associados à criminalidade nessa clientela. MÉTODO: Trinta sujeitos participaram do estudo, e os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e de avaliação do consumo de substâncias psicoativas e de antecedentes criminais com 55 questões, Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, Inventário Beck de Ansiedade, Inventário Beck de Depressão, Fagerstrõm Test for Nicotine Dependence e Escala Analógico-Visual de Fissura. RESULTADOS: Os principais resultados apontam para uma população de adultos jovens, de cor/raça branca, com idade média de 27,3 anos e em situação de subemprego ou desemprego. A presença de antecedentes criminais foi observada em 40 por cento da amostra e está associada a maior fissura (U = 58,00; p = 0,035), a mais sintomas de ansiedade (U = 56,50; p = 0,028) e de depressão (U = 47,00; p = 0,009). CONCLUSÕES: É freqüente a presença de antecedentes criminais em dependentes de crack e esta variável está relacionada a mais ansiedade, depressão e fissura. Estudos deste tipo permitem ampliar o conhecimento da população atendida, para delinear de forma mais efetiva o plano terapêutico para esta clientela.
INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 30 crack users admitted at the male detoxication ward at Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from March to December, 2007. The objective of the present study was to identify the sociodemographic and psychoactive consumption profile of crack users and presence of antisocial behavior, anxiety and depression symptoms in patients admitted at the male detoxication ward at Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro, in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHOD: Thirty crack users participated in the study, and the instruments used were a 55-item sociodemographic questionnaire to evaluate psychoactive substance consumption and presence of criminal records, Mental State Mini Exam, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Fagerstrõm Test for Nicotine Dependence and Visual Analog Scales for Craving. RESULTS: The main results led to a population of Caucasian young adults, mean age of 27.3 years, underemployed or unemployed. Presence of criminal records was observed in 40 percent of the sample and was associated with greater craving (U = 58.00; p = 0.035), more anxiety symptoms (U = 56.50; p =0.028) and depression (U = 47.00; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Presence of criminal records was frequent for crack users and this variable was related to more anxiety, depression and craving. Studies of this kind can enhance knowledge of the study population, in order to design a more effective therapeutic plan for these patients.
RESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar los recursos de la medicina privada mediante un censo de unidades médicas con servicio de hospitalización, realizado en el primer trimestre de 1994 con base en la información jurisdiccional. Se registraron en todo el país 2 723 unidades médicas del sector privado con camas de hospitalización. En el Distrito Federal y los estados de México, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Baja California y Veracruz se concentra cerca de la mitad de las unidades. El total de camas censables registradas en el país de 33 937, de tal manera que la medicina privada es el principal proveedor de camas de hospitalización del Sistema Nacional de Salud; se encontraron resultados similares en cuanto al resto de recursos materiales humanos
A census of private health establishments was carried out by the Secretary of Health, in order to quantify its resources and to describe their geographical distribution. The census, conducted in 1994, was limited to private units which offered hospitalization services, and the reference period was the previous year. Results showed that there are 2 723 private hospitalization units in Mexico, and nearly a half of the units are concentrated in the Federal District, and the states of Mexico, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Baja California and Veracruz. The number of private hospitalization beds registered in the country are 33 937, these figures indicate that private medicine is the main hospital care provider in the national health system. Similar results were obtained regarding other material and human resources. It is important to stress the need for further research regarding the role of private medicine in Mexico, including aspects related to the quality of the services being provided.