RESUMO
Pistacia palaestina Boiss. is a common tree in the Mediterranean maquis. The leaves of this plant accumulate defensive monoterpenes, whose levels greatly increase in galls induced by the aphid Baizongia pistaciae. We previously found a significant chemopolymorphism in monoterpene content among individual trees, but the chirality of these monoterpenes was unknown. Although most plant species specifically accumulate one enantiomeric form of a given compound, P. palaestina individuals display chemopolymorphism in the chirality of the key monoterpenes accumulated. We report here a marked enantiomeric variation for the limonene, α- and ß-pinene, camphene, sabinene, δ-3-carene, and terpene-4-ol content in leaves and galls of nine different naturally growing P. palaestina trees. Interestingly, insect-induced gall monoterpene composition is an augmentation of the specific enantiopolymorphism originally displayed by each individual tree.
Assuntos
Monoterpenos , Pistacia , Folhas de Planta , Folhas de Planta/química , Monoterpenos/química , Pistacia/química , Estereoisomerismo , Animais , Afídeos , Tumores de Planta/parasitologiaRESUMO
The Pichia kluyveri, a proliferation commonly found in Sichuan pickles (SCPs), can accelerate the growth and reproduction of spoilage bacteria, causing off-odor development and decay. Although D-limonene, a common natural preservative, effectively restricts P. kluyveri, its inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate this molecular mechanism by investigating the impact on basic P. kluyveri metabolism. The findings revealed that D-limonene inhibited P. kluyveri growth and disrupted the transcription of the genes responsible for encoding the enzymes involved in cell wall and membrane synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway. The results indicated that these events disrupted crucial metabolism such as cell wall and membrane integrity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance. These insights provided a comprehensive understanding of the inhibitory effect of D-limonene on the growth and reproduction of P. kluyveri while highlighting its potential application in the SCP industry.
Assuntos
Limoneno , Pichia , Limoneno/farmacologia , Pichia/metabolismo , Pichia/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Bioaccumulation of d-Limonene in environment due to the aggrandised usage of their natural sources like citrus food wastes and industrial day to day life products has raised concern to their biotoxicity to environment biotic health. Moreover, their after-usage discharge to aquatic system has enhanced the distress of posing threat and needs attention. This study entails mechanistic and molecular evaluation of in-vivo biotoxicity of d-Limonene in zebrafish embryo models. Experimental analysis excavated the controlled concentration-dependent morphological, physiological and cellular in-vivo impact of d-Limonene in zebrafish embryos through significant changes in oxidative stress, steatosis and apoptosis regulated via 6-fold and 5-fold mRNA expression change in p53 and Sod1 genes. Computational evaluation deduced the cellular mechanism of d-limonene biotoxicity as irregularities in oxidative stress, apoptosis and steatosis due of their intrinsic interaction with metabolic proteins like Zhe1a (-4.8 Kcal/mol), Sod1(-5.3 Kcal/mol), p53, caspase3 and apoa1 leading to influential change in structural and functional integrity of the metabolic proteins. The study unravelled the measured in-vivo biotoxicity of d-Limonene at cellular and molecular level to advocate the controlled usage of d-Limonene related natural and industrial product for a sustainable environmental health.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Limoneno , Estresse Oxidativo , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Limoneno/toxicidade , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado Gorduroso/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Limonene, a dietary monocyclic monoterpene commonly found in citrus fruits and various aromatic plants, has garnered increasing interest as a gastrointestinal protectant. This study aimed to assess the effects of limonene on intestinal epithelial barrier function and investigate the involvement of cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) in vitro. Additionally, the study focused on examining the metabolomic changes induced by limonene in the intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Initial analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) revealed that both l-limonene and d-limonene, isomers of limonene, led to a dose- and time-dependent increase in TEER in normal cells and those inflamed by pro-inflammatory cytokines mixture (CytoMix). Furthermore, both types of limonene reduced CytoMix-induced paracellular permeability, as demonstrated by a decrease in Lucifer yellow flux. Moreover, d-limonene and l-limonene treatment increased the expression of tight junction molecules (TJs) such as occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1, at both the transcriptional and translational levels. d-Limonene upregulates E-cadherin, a molecule involved in adherens junctions (AJs). Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that d-limonene and l-limonene treatment significantly inhibited CB1R at the protein, while the mRNA level remained unchanged. Notably, the inhibitory effect of d-limonene on CB1R was remarkably similar to that of pharmacological CB1R antagonists, such as rimonabant and ORG27569. d-limonene also alters Caco-2 cell metabolites. A substantial reduction in ß-glucose and 2-succinamate was detected, suggesting limonene may impact intestinal epithelial cells' glucose uptake and glutamate metabolism. These findings suggest that d-limonene's CB1R antagonistic property could effectively aid in the recovery of intestinal barrier damage, marking it a promising gastrointestinal protectant.
RESUMO
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Carum carvi L. (caraway oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel concluded that the use of caraway oil is of no concern up to the following concentrations in complete feed: 9 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 13 mg/kg for laying hens, 12 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 16 mg/kg for piglets, 19 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 24 mg/kg for sows, 35 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), 11 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, 10 mg/kg for dairy cows, sheep, goats, horses and rabbits, 25 mg/kg for salmonids and dogs. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For cats, ornamental fish and other species, no conclusion can be drawn. The use of caraway oil in animal feed under the proposed conditions of use is safe for the consumer and the environment. The additive under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a respiratory and skin sensitiser. When handling the essential oil, exposure of unprotected users to perillaldehyde may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of the users should be minimised. Since C. carvi and its preparations were recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Limonene has a variety of applications in the foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biomaterials, and biofuels industries. In order to meet the growing demand for sustainable production of limonene at industry scale, it is essential to find an alternative production system to traditional plant extraction. A promising and eco-friendly alternative is the use of microbes as cell factories for the synthesis of limonene. RESULTS: In this study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has been engineered to produce D- and L-limonene. Four target genes, l- or d-LS (limonene synthase), HMG (HMG-CoA reductase), ERG20 (geranyl diphosphate synthase), and NDPS1 (neryl diphosphate) were expressed individually or fused together to find the optimal combination for higher limonene production. The strain expressing HMGR and the fusion protein ERG20-LS was the best limonene producer and, therefore, selected for further improvement. By increasing the expression of target genes and optimizing initial OD, 29.4 mg/L of L-limonene and 24.8 mg/L of D-limonene were obtained. We also studied whether peroxisomal compartmentalization of the synthesis pathway was beneficial for limonene production. The introduction of D-LS and ERG20 within the peroxisome improved limonene titers over cytosolic expression. Then, the entire MVA pathway was targeted to the peroxisome to improve precursor supply, which increased D-limonene production to 47.8 mg/L. Finally, through the optimization of fermentation conditions, D-limonene production titer reached 69.3 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: In this work, Y. lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce limonene. Our results showed that higher production of limonene was achieved when the synthesis pathway was targeted to the peroxisome, which indicates that this organelle can favor the bioproduction of terpenes in yeasts. This study opens new avenues for the efficient synthesis of valuable monoterpenes in Y. lipolytica.
RESUMO
Detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from different plant species and their organs can provide valuable information about plant health and environmental factors that affect them. For example, limonene emission can be a biomarker to monitor plant health and detect stress. Traditional methods for VOC detection encounter challenges, prompting the proposal of novel approaches. In this study, we proposed integrating electrospinning, molecular imprinting, and conductive nanofibers to fabricate limonene sensors. In detail, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) served here as fiber and cavity formers, respectively, with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) enhancing conductivity. We developed one-step monolithic molecularly imprinted fibers, where S(-)-limonene was the target molecule, using an electrospinning technique. The functional cavities were fixed using the UV curing method, followed by a target molecule washing. This procedure enabled the creation of recognition sites for limonene within the nanofiber matrix, enhancing sensor performance and streamlining manufacturing. Humidity was crucial for sensor working, with optimal conditions at about 50% RH. The sensors rapidly responded to S(-)-limonene, reaching a plateau within 200 s. Enhancing fiber density improved sensor performance, resulting in a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 137 ppb. However, excessive fiber density decreased accessibility to active sites, thus reducing sensitivity. Remarkably, the thinnest mat on the fibrous sensors created provided the highest selectivity to limonene (Selectivity Index: 72%) compared with other VOCs, such as EtOH (used as a solvent in nanofiber development), aromatic compounds (toluene), and two other monoterpenes (α-pinene and linalool) with similar structures. These findings underscored the potential of the proposed integrated approach for selective VOC detection in applications such as precision agriculture and environmental monitoring.
RESUMO
This study was conducted to determine the sea fennel essential oil (SFEO) yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of leaves, stem, inflorescences, and umbels from seeds of wild sea fennel (SF) (Crithmum maritimum L.) from the Montenegro coast. The chemical composition of isolated essential oil was determined by GC/MS and GC/FID analyses. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay. The maximum SFEO yield was found in umbels with seeds (4.77 mL/100 g p.m.). The leaves contained less EO (0.52 mL/100 g p.m.) than immature inflorescence (0.83 mL/100 g p.m.) The minimum EO content was found in the stem (0.08%). Twenty components were isolated from SFEO leaves, twenty-four from inflorescence, thirty-four components from the stem, and twenty-one components from umbels with seeds. Limonene (62.4-72.0%), γ-terpinene (9.5-14.0%), α-pinene (1.4-5.8%), and sabinene (1-6.5%) were found to be the main components of the SFEO from monoterpene hydrocarbons as dominant grouped components (86% to 98.1%). SF plant parts showed differences in chemical profiles, especially in specific and low-represented ingredients. (E)-anethole (4.4%), fenchone (0.5%), and trans-carveol (0.2%) were present only in umbel with seeds, while the ß-longipipene (0.5%), (E)-caryophyllene (0.5%), and (2E)-decenal (0.2%) were found only in the stems. The degree of DPPH radical neutralization increased with incubation time. The SFEO isolated from the stems showed stronger antioxidant activity during the incubation times of 20 and 40 min (EC50 value of 5.30 mg/mL and 5.04 mg/mL, respectively) in comparison to the SFEO isolated from the other plant parts. The lowest antioxidant activity was obtained with the SFEO leaves (155.25 mg/mL and 58.30 mg/mL, respectively). This study indicates that SFEO possesses significant antioxidant activities and is animportant component in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It is important to preserve the existing gene pool and biodiversity with rational use SF for the extraction of high-quality essential oils.
RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dried roots of Peucedanum decursivum, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has historically respiratory diseases such as cough, thick phlegm, headache, fever, and gynecological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AIM OF THE STUDY: Made an endeavor to evaluate the research trajectory of P. decursivum, comprehensively discern its developmental status, and offer a guideline for future investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meticulous search of literatures and books from 1955 to 2024 via databases like PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI was conducted, including topics and keywords of " P. decursivum" "Angelica decursivum" and "Zihua Qianhu". RESULTS: P. decursivum and its prescriptions have traditionally been used for treating phlegm-heat cough, wind-heat cough, gastrointestinal diseases, pain relief and so on. It contains 234 identified compounds, encompassing coumarins, terpenes, volatile oils, phenolic acids, fatty acids and derivatives. It exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-cancer properties, primarily attributed to coumarins. Microscopic identification, HPLC fingerprinting, and bioinformatics identification are the primary methods currently used for the quality control. CONCLUSION: P. decursivum demonstrates anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, aligning with its traditional use. However, experimental validation of its efficacy against phlegm and viruses is needed. Additionally, analgesic effects mentioned in historical texts lack modern pharmacological studies. Numerous isolated compounds exhibit highly valuable medicinal properties. Future research can delve into exploring these substances further. Rigorous of heavy metal contamination, particularly Cd and Pb, is necessary. Simultaneously, investigating its pharmacokinetics and toxicity in humans is crucial for the safety.
Assuntos
Apiaceae , Etnobotânica , Etnofarmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Controle de Qualidade , Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Apiaceae/química , Animais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/métodosRESUMO
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Apium graveolens L. (celery seed oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel concluded that the use of celery seed oil is of no concern up to the following concentrations in complete feed: 1.6 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 2.3 mg/kg for laying hens, 2.1 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 2.8 mg/kg for piglets, 3.3 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 4.1 mg/kg for sows, 6.5 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), 6.2 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep, goats and horses, 4.0 mg/kg for dairy cows, 2.5 mg/kg for rabbits, 6.8 mg/kg for salmonids and 7.2 mg/kg for dogs. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For cats, ornamental fish and other species, no conclusion can be drawn. The use of celery seed oil in animals feed is not expected to pose concern for the consumers and for the environment. The additive under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a respiratory and skin sensitiser. When handling the essential oil, exposure of unprotected users to perillaldehyde and bergapten may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of the users should be minimised. Since A. graveolens and its preparations were recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
RESUMO
Pomelo flowers emit a strong fragrance and give aromatic odors. Volatile compounds from pomelo flowers were analyzed at three developmental stages and in the main organs by molecular sensory science. A total of 134 volatiles including 25 odorants, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-MS/PFPD) and multidimensional GC-MS/olfactory (MDGC-MS/O). The total volatile content varied among pomelo flowers at different developmental stages (stage-III > stage-II > stage-I) and among different organs of pomelo flowers (petal > pistil > stamen). Linalool was an important odorant with a high OAV, and floral/fruity comprised the predominant aroma profile. Four odorants, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, linalool, ß-myrcene, and 2-butenal, were selected based on variable importance in projection (VIP) values and contributed mainly to the discrimination of pomelo flowers at three different developmental stages. Linalool, ß-myrcene, d-limonene, and ethyl hexanoate were potential markers for evaluating flavor differences in pomelo floral organs.
RESUMO
The genus Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) comprises more than 300 species as annual or perennial herbs or small shrubs, spread in temperate regions of Mediterranean, Asia, America, and Southern Africa and several species have been used in the traditional medicine of many countries. Section Stachys, one of nineteen sections of genus Stachys, is divided in two subsections: Sylvaticae and Circinatae. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Stachys durandiana Coss., endemic of Morocco, and belonging to subsection Circinatae, was analysed by GC-MS. No report has been previously published on this species. The result showed the presence of large quantity of monoterpene hydrocarbons (73.3%), being α-pinene (38.0%) ß-pinene (14.8%), and limonene (11.1%) the principal constituents. Furthermore, a complete review on the chemical composition and biological properties of all the other Stachys taxa, belonging to section Stachys, studied so far, was carried out.
RESUMO
This study aimed to develop a relatively natural and safe botanical insecticide for controlling the storage pest Tribolium castaneum in the egg and pupal stages. It examined how Elsholtzia densa Benth. essential oil (EO) and its primary components, ß-caryophyllene and limonene, affected T. castaneum eggs and pupae through contact and fumigation. Among th, the contact activities of ß-caryophyllene against T. castaneum eggs and pupae are LD50 (median lethal dose, 50%) = 0.156 mg/cm2 and ED50 (median effective dose, 50%) = 16.35 mg/pupa respectively. The study also investigated the effect of ß-caryophyllene and limonene on T. castaneum eggs and pupae through synergistic contact and fumigation. When the mixing ratio of ß-caryophyllene and limonene was 7:1, the LD50 value of contact activity against T. castaneum eggs was reduced to 0.100 mg/cm2, displaying an obvious synergistic effect. Experiments were conducted to investigate the antitoxic effect of ß-caryophyllene on T. castaneum eggs and pupae, as well as its effects on the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase in T. castaneum pupae. Finally, the molecular docking techniques were employed to confirm the aforementioned effects on enzyme function. The findings of this study might help improve storage pest control with T. castaneum and create eco-friendly insecticides using E. densa EO, ß-caryophyllene, and limonene.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , Lamiaceae , Óleos Voláteis , Pupa , Tribolium , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Tribolium/efeitos dos fármacos , Lamiaceae/química , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Inseticidas/química , Pupa/efeitos dos fármacos , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Limoneno/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/químicaRESUMO
D-limonene is a widely used flavouring additive in foods, beverages and fragrances due to its pleasant lemon-like odour. This study aimed to investigate the effects of D-limonene on the central nervous system when subjected to chronic restraint stress in rats for 21 days. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: i) control, ii) D-limonene, iii) restraint stress, iv) restraint stress+D-limonene and v) restraint stress+fluoxetine. Following the induction of restraint stress, the sucrose preference test, the open field test, the novel object recognition test and the forced swimming test were performed. The levels of BDNF, IL-1ß, IL-6 and caspase-1 were measured from hippocampal tissue using the ELISA method. Sucrose preference test results showed an increase in consumption rate in the stress+D-limonene and a decrease in the stress group. The stress+D-limonene group reversed the increased defensive behaviour observed in the open-field test compared to the stress group. In the novel object recognition test, the discrimination index of the stress+D-limonene group increased compared to the stress group. BDNF levels increased in the stress+limonene group compared to the stress group. In contrast, IL-1ß and caspase-1 levels increased in the stress group compared to the control and decreased in the stress+limonene group compared to the stress group. In this study, D-limonene has been found to have antidepressant-like properties, reducing anhedonic and defensive behaviours and the impairing effects of stress on learning and memory tests. It was observed that D-limonene showed these effects by alleviating neuroinflammation induced by chronic restraint stress in rats.
Assuntos
Depressão , Limoneno , Restrição Física , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Masculino , Limoneno/farmacologia , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Ratos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Aprendizagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Terpenos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Rhodotorula toruloides is a potential workhorse for production of various value-added chemicals including terpenoids, oleo-chemicals, and enzymes from low-cost feedstocks. However, the limited genetic toolbox is hindering its metabolic engineering. In the present study, four type I and one novel type II peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1/PTS2) were characterized and employed for limonene production for the first time in R. toruloides. The implant of the biosynthesis pathway into the peroxisome led to 111.5 mg/L limonene in a shake flask culture. The limonene titer was further boosted to 1.05 g/L upon dual-metabolic regulation in the cytoplasm and peroxisome, which included employing the acetoacetyl-CoA synthase NphT7, adding an additional copy of native ATP-dependent citrate lyase, etc. The final yield was 0.053 g/g glucose, which was the highest ever reported. The newly characterized PTSs should contribute to the expansion of genetic toolboxes forR. toruloides. The results demonstrated that R. toruloides could be explored for efficient production of terpenoids.
Assuntos
Citoplasma , Limoneno , Engenharia Metabólica , Peroxissomos , Rhodotorula , Limoneno/metabolismo , Rhodotorula/metabolismo , Rhodotorula/genética , Engenharia Metabólica/métodos , Peroxissomos/metabolismo , Peroxissomos/genética , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Terpenos/metabolismoRESUMO
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), poses a significant threat to the global fruit industry, causing damage to diverse fruits like citrus, mango, and guava. Chemical pesticides have limited effectiveness, and pesticide residues and pesticide resistance are pressing issues. Therefore, it is essential to develop environmentally friendly pest control methods to address this problem. Behavior-modifying chemicals, including male attractants and intersex protein baits, play a critical role in the control of B. dorsalis. The mature host fruit serves as both an oviposition site and food source under natural conditions, making it a potential attraction source for oriental fruit flies. Orange, Citrus sinensis, is a main host of B. dorsalis, and commercial orange juice is a common attractant for the egg laying of B. dorsalis. Although it can both attract and elicit oviposition behaviors in B. dorsalis adults, its active components are still unclear. This study utilized analytical chemistry, behavioral tests, and electrophysiology to identify the active components of commercial orange juice that attract B. dorsalis, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of behavior-modifying chemical-based techniques to control B. dorsalis. Five compounds with a high abundance were identified via a GC-MS, including D-Limonene, butanoic acid ethyl ester, ß-myrcene, linalool, and α-terpineol. Behavioral and electrophysiological experiments uncovered that D-Limonene was the active substance that was the main attractant in the mixture of these five substances, evoking a strong electrophysiological response in adult B. dorsalis. D-Limonene strongly attracts adult B. dorsalis only when they are sexually mature, and the attraction is not rhythmic. Olfaction plays a leading role in the attraction of D-Limonene to adult B. dorsalis, and Orco-/- mediates the perception of D-Limonene by B. dorsalis. Overall, D-Limonene is one of the key attractant compounds for B. dorsalis in the volatile compounds of commercial orange juice, offering possible support for the development of behavior-modifying chemical-based technology to control B. dorsalis in the future.
RESUMO
Nanoemulsions have carved their position in topical delivery owing to their peculiar features of forming a uniform film on the skin and conquering stratum corneum barrier and hence fostering dermal penetration and retention. The present work developed syringic acid nanoemulsion (SA-NE) by spontaneous emulsification as an anti-psoriatic remedy via the dermal route. SA-NE were prepared with either lauroglycol90, limonene or their combination (oil phase) and tween80 (surfactant) with variable concentrations. The physicochemical characteristics of SA-NE were assessed together with Ex-vivo skin deposition and dermal toxicity. The effectiveness of optimal formula in psoriatic animal model and psoriatic patients was investigated using PASI scoring and dermoscope examination. Results showed that, SA-NE containing mixture of lauroglycol 90, limonene and 10 % tween80 (F5), was selected as the optimal formula presenting stable nanoemulsion for 2-month period, showing droplet size of 177.6 ± 13.23 nm, polydispersity index of 0.16 ± 0.06, zeta potential of -21.23 ± 0.41 mV. High SA% in different skin strata and no dermal irritation was noticed with limonene-based SA-NE also it showed high in-vitro anti- inflammatory potential compared to the blank and control formulations. A preclinical study demonstrated that limonene-based SA-NE is effective in alleviating psoriasis-like skin lesions against imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats. Clinically, promising anti-psoriatic potential was asserted as all patients receiving F5 experienced better clinical improvement and response to therapy, achieving ≥ 50 % reduction in PASI scores versus only 35 % responders in the Dermovate® cream group. Collectively, the practical feasibility of limonene-based SA-NE topical delivery can boost curative functionality in the treatment of psoriatic lesions.
Assuntos
Administração Cutânea , Emulsões , Limoneno , Psoríase , Absorção Cutânea , Pele , Animais , Limoneno/química , Limoneno/administração & dosagem , Limoneno/farmacologia , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Absorção Cutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/patologia , Humanos , Feminino , Nanopartículas/química , Ratos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polissorbatos/química , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/administração & dosagem , Terpenos/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Investigations have shown that storage bugs seriously harm grains during storage. In the interim, essential oils (EOs) have been proven to be a good botanical pesticide. The anti-Lasioderma serricorne properties of Elsholtzia ciliata essential oil, which was obtained by steam distillation, were evaluated using DL-limonene, carvone, and their two optical isomer components using contact, repelling, and fumigation techniques. Simultaneously, the fumigation, contact, and repellent activities of carvone and its two optical isomers mixed with DL-limonene against L. serruricorne were evaluated. The results showed that E. ciliata, its main components (R-carvone, DL-limonene), and S-carvone exhibited both fumigations (LC50 = 14.47, 4.42, 20.9 and 3.78 mg/L) and contact (LD50 = 7.31, 4.03, 28.62 and 5.63 µg/adult) activity against L.serricorne. A binary mixture (1:1) of R-carvone and DL-limonene displayed an obvious synergistic effect. A binary mixture (1:1) of carvone and its two optical isomers exhibited an obvious synergistic effect, too. Furthermore, the repellent activity of the EO, carvone, and its two optical isomers, DL-limonene, and a combination of them varied. To stop insect damage during storage, E. ciliata and its components can be utilized as bio-insecticides.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , Lamiaceae , Óleos Voláteis , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Lamiaceae/química , Animais , Inseticidas/química , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Limoneno/química , Limoneno/farmacologia , Repelentes de Insetos/química , Repelentes de Insetos/farmacologia , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos/química , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos/farmacologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , FumigaçãoRESUMO
Spray-drying is a commonly used method for producing powdered flavors, but the high temperatures involved often result in the loss of volatile molecules. To address this issue, our study focused on a novel approach: developing O/W Pickering emulsions with agri-food byproducts to encapsulate and protect D-limonene during spray-drying and storage. Emulsions formulated with lupin hull, lupin-byproduct (a water-insoluble protein-fiber byproduct derived from the production of lupin protein isolate), and camelina press-cake were subjected to spray-drying at 160 °C. The results revealed that these emulsions exhibited good stability against creaming. The characteristics of the dry emulsions (powders) were influenced by the concentration of byproducts. Quantitative analysis revealed that Pickering emulsions enhanced the retention of D-limonene during spray-drying, with the highest retention achieved using 3% lupin hull and 1% camelina press-cake. Notably, lupin-stabilized emulsions yielded powders with enhanced oxidative stability compared to those stabilized with camelina press-cake. Our findings highlight the potential of food-grade Pickering emulsions to improve the stability of volatile flavors during both processing and storage.
RESUMO
Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients are prone to Candida infections (oral thrush) mainly due to poor oral hygiene, repetitive surgeries, and orthodontic procedures. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of limonene against clinical Candida isolates from CLP patients. Materials and Methods: The antifungal efficacy of limonene was studied alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against six standards, twenty nine FLC sensitive, and three FLC resistant clinical strains using broth dilution, checkerboard microdilution, agar disk diffusion, growth curves, and spot assays. Results: This nontoxic monoterpene gave low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 300-375 µg/mL and 500-520 µg/mL for FLC susceptible and FLC resistant strains, respectively. It showed synergistic interaction with FLC in all clinical and standard Candida strains (fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ≤0.5). Conclusion: Significant chemosensitization of FLC was observed even against resistant clinical isolates. Complete suppression of fungal growth was observed when using combinations. Negligible toxicity, easy availability, and potent antifungal properties suggest that limonene and FLC combinations in appropriate doses can make excellent antifungal mouthwashes during CLP treatment pre and post surgery. Impending in vivo studies are needed to validate the present data.