Comparison of breastfeeding, music therapy, and oral sucrose's impact on pain relief among infants during pentavalent vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination is a quick, safe, and effective way to avoid contracting hazardous diseases, but it often causes pain and discomfort. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management techniques are used to treat pain. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of breastfeeding, musical therapy, and oral sucrose in infant's pain relief during pentavalent vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental posttest-only research design was used. A total of 150 infants were enrolled using the purposive sampling technique (50 in the breastfeeding, 50 in the musical therapy, and 50 in the oral sucrose groups) coming for the first, second, and third doses of pentavalent vaccination. The data were collected using observation and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). The results were calculated by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The study revealed that half of the infants in the breastfeeding group felt severe pain, whereas the majority of infants in the musical therapy and oral sucrose groups felt severe pain during pentavalent vaccination. The median pain score in breastfeeding, musical therapy, and oral sucrose was 4.50, 6, and 7, respectively. Breastfeeding was significantly different from both musical therapy and oral sucrose in terms of pain scores. However, no significant difference was observed between musical therapy and oral sucrose. Overall, the results indicate that breastfeeding had a distinct impact on pain relief during pentavalent vaccination compared with the other interventions, while musical therapy and oral sucrose did not differ significantly in their effectiveness. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that breastfeeding is a safe, reliable, cost-effective, and easily accessible method to relieve an infant's pain during pentavalent vaccination. It is a simple method to alleviate pain among infants during vaccination.

Influencia de la musicoterapia en el paciente durante la atención estomatológica

Ser atendido por el estomatólogo es una de las situaciones que genera más miedo y ansiedad en las personas. Se sugiere que la musicoterapia contribuye a reducir estos síntomas. Teniendo en cuenta que muchos pacientes presentan ansiedad y miedo al ser atendidos en el sillón dental y que necesitan un ambiente más agradable, constituye el motivo que condujo a la realización de este trabajo haciendo uso de la musicoterapia con el objetivo de evaluar su influencia en el paciente durante la atención. Se realizó un estudio de intervención, desde marzo a junio del 2022 en el Servicio Estomatológico, Policlínico Tula Aguilera. La muestra, 40 pacientes, fue seleccionada al azar, independientemente de sentir temor o no al tratamiento estomatológico. Las sesiones se dividieron: primera visita (sin música) y segunda visita (con música). Los datos se recogieron en encuesta. Los niveles de miedo disminuyeron con la aplicación de la terapia, por lo cual se constató que la musicoterapia tiene una notable influencia en los pacientes al desaparecer y disminuir el miedo o sensaciones desagradables durante la atención estomatológica. Todos los pacientes manifestaron satisfacción con el uso de la música, durante el servicio.

To be assisted by the odontologist is one of the situations that generates more fear and anxiety in people. It is suggested that the musical-therapy contributes to reduce these symptoms. Keeping in mind that many patients present anxiety and fear when being assisted in the dental armchair and that they need a more pleasant atmosphere, it constitutes the reason that led to the realization of this work making use of the musical-therapy with the objective of evaluating their influence in the patient during the attention. He was carried out an intervention study, from March to June of the 2022 in the Dentistry Service, Clinical Tula Aguilera. The sample, 40 patients, it was selected at random, independently of feeling fear or not to the dentistry treatment. The sessions were divided: first visit (without music) and second visit (with music). The data were picked up in survey. The levels of fear diminished with the application of the therapy, reason why it was verified that the musical-therapy has a notable it influences in the patients when disappearing and to diminish the fear or unpleasant sensations during the dentristry attention. All the patients manifested satisfaction with the music's use, during the service.

Effects of a Music-Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Gait and Balance in Subacute Stroke.

Gait and balance impairments are common after stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a music-based rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) in combination with conventional physiotherapy on gait parameters and walking ability in subacute stroke. This single-blind, historical controlled trial, included 55 patients who had suffered a stroke within the three weeks prior to enrolment. Patients from 2018 (n = 27) were assigned as the historical control group whereas 2019 patients (n = 28) received music-based RAS three times a week. Both groups received 11 h of conventional physiotherapy per week during hospitalization. Primary outcomes were gait and balance parameters (Tinetti test and Timed Up&Go test) and walking ability (Functional Ambulation Category scale). Secondary outcomes were trunk control, assistive devices, functional independence (Functional Independence Measure, Barthel index), and stroke severity and disability (modified Rankin scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale). Results: No between-group differences were identified for gait and balance parameters nor for secondary outcomes. Significant between-group differences were observed in the Functional Ambulation Category: the intervention group (Δmean ± SD; 3.43 ± 1.17) showed greater improvement (p = 0.002) than the control group (Δmean ± SD; 2.48 ± 1.09). Compared with conventional physiotherapy alone, our results suggest that the walking ability of subacute stroke patients might be improved with music-based RAS combined with conventional physiotherapy, but this treatment is not more effective than conventional physiotherapy in obtaining gait and balance gains.

A Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Pain Management in Newborn Infants.

Pain is a major problem in sick newborn infants, especially for those needing intensive care. Pharmacological pain relief is the most commonly used, but might be ineffective and has side effects, including long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. The effectiveness and safety of alternative analgesic methods are ambiguous. The objective was to review the effectiveness and safety of non-pharmacological methods of pain relief in newborn infants and to identify those that are the most effective. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms: "infant", "premature", "pain", "acupuncture", "skin-to-skin contact", "sucrose", "massage", "musical therapy" and 'breastfeeding'. We included 24 studies assessing different methods of non-pharmacological analgesic techniques. Most resulted in some degree of analgesia but many were ineffective and some were even detrimental. Sucrose, for example, was often ineffective but was more effective than music therapy, massage, breast milk (for extremely premature infants) or non-invasive electrical stimulation acupuncture. There were also conflicting results for acupuncture, skin-to-skin care and musical therapy. Most non-pharmacological methods of analgesia provide a modicum of relief for preterm infants, but none are completely effective and there is no clearly superior method. Study is also required to assess potential long-term consequences of any of these methods.