Morphological and molecular identification of two new Marasmiellus species (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) from Thailand.

Marasmiellus (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) specimens collected in Thailand were investigated based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. In the present study, two species are introduced as new to science, namely Marasmiellusthailandicus and M.minutisporus. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit (nrLSU) regions, and the results revealed that the two new taxa are distinct species within Marasmiellus. Another specimen was identified as M.scandens and is reported for the first time with morphology and molecular data from Thailand. Descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic results are provided. In addition, M.diaphanus and M.colocasiae are proposed as new combinations of Collybiopsisdiaphana and Paramarasmiuscolocasiae, respectively, based on the phylogenetic evidence.

Phylogenomic analyses of the Listeriaceae family support species reclassification and proposal of a new family and new genera.

The taxonomy of the Listeriaceae family has undergone substantial revisions, expanding the Listeria genus from 6 to 29 species since 2009. However, these classifications have relied on 16S rRNA gene sequences and conventional polyphasic taxonomy, with limited use of genomic approaches. This study aimed to employ genomic tools, including phylogenomics, Overall Genomic Relatedness Indices (OGRIs), and core-genome phylogenomic analyses, to reevaluate the taxonomy of the Listeriaceae family. The analyses involved the construction of phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genomes from 34 type strain genomes belonging to Listeriaceae family. OGRIs, which encompass Average Amino acid Identity (AAI), core-proteome AAI (cAAI), and Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCP), were calculated, and specific threshold values of 70%, 87%, and 72-73% were established, respectively, to delimitate genera in the Listeriaceae family. These newly proposed OGRI thresholds unveiled distinct evolutionary lineages. The outcomes of this taxonomic re-evaluation were: (i): the division of the Listeria genus into an emended Listeria genus regrouping only Listeria senso stricto species; (ii): the remaining Listeria senso lato species were transferred into three newly proposed genera: Murraya gen. nov., Mesolisteria gen. nov., and Paenilisteria gen. nov. within Listeriaceae; (iii): Brochothrix was transferred to the newly proposed family Brochothricaceae fam. nov. within the Caryophanales order; (iiii): Listeria ivanovii subsp. londonensis was elevated to the species level as Listeria londonensis sp. nov.; and (iiiii): Murraya murrayi comb. nov. was reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Murraya grayi comb. nov. This taxonomic framework enables more precise identification of pathogenic Listeriaceae species, with significant implications for important areas such as food safety, clinical diagnostics, epidemiology, and public health.

Mitogenomics, phylogeny and morphology reveal two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from south-western China.

Ophiocordyceps encompasses over 300 species, demonstrating a wide range of morphological features, hosts and habitats within its species diversity. In this study, two novel species in Ophiocordyceps were revealed parasitising Hepialidae larva buried in soil. Ophiocordycepsalbastroma was morphologically characterised by white stromata, solitary and cylindrical conidiogenous cells and smooth ovoid or ellipsoidal conidia. Ophiocordycepsnigristroma was characterised by woody and dark brown stromata, monophialidic, swollen base and lageniform conidiogenous cells and smooth fusiform or oval conidia. The two new species formed a separate clade, respectively, based on the phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset including nrSSU, nrLSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef-1α, as well as a dataset of mitochondrial 14 protein coding genes (PCGs). They were all closely grouped with O.sinensis. The mitochondrial genomes of them were first reported. Their mitogenomes were all typical of circular molecules, with positive AT and GC skew, similar GC content, similar genetic composition, similar codon usage and conservative gene positions. However, the length of the mitogenomes varied. Changes in the length of the genes were the leading cause of changes in the length of mitochondrial genome of Ophiocordyceps. The discovery and identification of new Ophiocordyceps species and analysis their mitochondrial genomes may serve as foundations for phylogeny and diversity research within the genus Ophiocordyceps.

Multi-gene phylogeny and morphological characters reveal seven new species of Micropsalliota (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) from southern China, with an updated key for the species distributed in China.

Species of Micropsalliota generally grow in the tropics and are characterised by small, slender basidiomes, brown basidiospores, and cheilocystidia that vary in shape with capitate or subcapitate apex, and pigmented pileipellis. Based on morphological characters and molecular evidence, here we describe seven new species from southern China, viz. Micropsalliota ferruginea, M. fimbriata, M. gigaspora, M. longicystis, M. nana, M. squarrosa, and M. umbonata. Micropsalliota appendiculata, a species recently described from Vietnam, was first recorded in China. The Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses based on multi-locus sequence datasets (the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrITS; the D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA, LSU; partial sequences of the most variable region of the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, rpb2, and a portion of the translation-elongation factor 1-α, tef1) shows that the genus is separated into 11 major clades and subclades. To aid in diagnosis, a key to 32 species of Micropsalliota in China is provided.

New species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) from Bauhiniavariegata in China.

Diaporthe species are known as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. In the present study, four strains of Diaporthe were obtained from diseased leaves of Bauhiniavariegata in Guangdong Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to identify these strains using five gene regions: internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) and ß-tubulin (tub2). The results combined with morphology revealed two new species of Diaporthe named D.bauhiniicola in D.arecae species complex and D.guangzhouensis in D.sojae species complex.

Three new species of the genus Clavulina (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) from North China based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis.

Clavulina possesses important ecological and economic value and has attracted extensive attention from mycologists. Macrofungal diversity is high in China, but Clavulina species have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of three loci (nrITS, nrLSU, and rpb2), three new species of Clavulina from North China were identified. Morphologically, Clavulinachengdeensis is characterized by its white to dirty white basidiomata with somewhat pale orange tips and somewhat wrinkled hymenium. Clavulinagriseoviolacea is characterized by its gray to dark grayish violet basidiomata, with a sometimes-white stipe base, monopodial or irregularly polychotomous toward branch apices. Clavulinapallida is characterized by its white to pale cream white basidiomata with somewhat orange tips. Phylogenetically, the three new species form three independent branches with high support values in the phylogenetic tree.

Fusarium species associated with Euwallacea xanthopus in South Africa, including two novel species.

Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus Euwallacea have evolved a unique association with a clade of Fusarium that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, E. fornicatus, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the Fusarium symbionts of three species of Euwallacea in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with E. xanthopus. Isolations of Fusarium strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different Fusarium species. Fusarium hypothenemi and F. euwallaceae have previously been reported from South Africa. Fusarium pseudensiforme and Fusarium AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as F. rufum sp. nov. and F. floriferum sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of E. xanthopus. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.

Integrative taxonomy of Metarhizium anisopliae species complex, based on phylogenomics combined with morphometrics, metabolomics, and virulence data.

Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus, which has been largely studied and used in agriculture for its potent entomopathogenicity. Since its taxonomic establishment as a member of Metarhizium, many closely related taxa have been described with highly similar morphology (cryptic species). A holotype specimen of M. anisopliae is not extant, and the ex-neotype strain (CBS 130.71) does not form a monophyletic clade with other strains, up to now, recognized as M. anisopliae sensu stricto. In this study, we have conducted an integrative taxonomic treatment of M. anisopliae sensu lato by including the ex-neotype strain of M. anisopliae, other unknown strains from our collections identified as M. anisopliae s. lat., as well as other known species that have been previously delimited as closely related but distinct to M. anisopliae. By including whole-genome sequencing, morphometric analysis, LC-MS based metabolomics, and virulence assays, we have demonstrated that M. anisopliae s. str. should also include M. lepidiotae (synonym), and that M. anisopliae s. str. differentiates from the other species of the complex by its metabolome and less severe entomopathogenicity. New taxa, namely M. hybridum, M. neoanisopliae and M. parapingshaense spp. nov., are proposed. The novel taxa proposed here have strong phylogenomics support, corroborated by fine-scale differences in the length/width of conidia/phialides, while the metabolomics and virulence data still largely overlap. We have also demonstrated via population genomics data the existence of local clonal lineages, particularly the one corresponding to the persistence of a biocontrol candidate strain that has been used in the field application for three years. This study showcases the utility of combining various data sources for accurate delimitation of species within an important group of fungal biocontrol agents against pest insects.

Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Polaribacter undariae as a later heterotypic synonym of Polaribacter sejongensis, and emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis Kim et al. 2013.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as strain MSW5T, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. The cells were non-motile rods exhibiting oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15-25 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 1.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Menaquinone-6 was the sole respiratory quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and C15 : 1 ω6c were the major cellular fatty acids. Major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 92 concatenated core protein sequences revealed that strain MSW5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Polaribacter. The genome of strain MSW5T was 3582 kb in size with a 29.1 mol% G+C content. Strain MSW5T exhibited the highest similarity to Polaribacter atrinae WP25T, with a 97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 79.4 and 23.3%, respectively, indicating that strain MSW5T represents a novel species. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MSW5T is proposed to represent a novel species, with the name Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov. The type strain is MSW5T (=KACC 22340T=NBRC 116025T). In addition, whole genome sequence comparisons and phenotypic features suggested that Polaribacter sejongensis and Polaribacter undariae belong to the same species, with P. undariae proposed as a later heterotypic synonym of P. sejongensis. An emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis is also proposed.

Anthostomella-like fungi on bamboo: four new genera belonging to a new family Pallidoperidiaceae (Xylariales).

This study investigates the phylogeny and taxonomy of Anthostomella-like fungi (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) found in association with bamboo in Japan. Four new genera, Amphigermslita (including three new species, i.e., A. deformis, A. fusiformis, and A. pseudofusiformis), monotypic Crassipseudostroma (C. phyllostachydis) and Minuticlypeus (M. discosporus), and Pallidoperidium (two new species, P. exasperatum and P. paraexasperatum), and one known genus, Nigropunctata (one new species, N. complanata) are recognized and described. These five genera were found to constitute a distinct monophyletic lineage based on molecular phylogenetic analyses utilizing sequences of ITS and LSU nrDNA, rpb2, and tef1-α sequences. A new family, Pallidoperidiaceae, is proposed to accommodate these bambusicolous Anthostomella-like fungi. The identification of this lineage contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary relationships and classification of these bambusicolous fungi. It suggests that these five genera share a unique evolutionary history and possess shared morphological and ecological characteristics.

Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of Chlorosplenium and improve understanding of species distributions.

Chlorosplenium is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species-C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum, and C. hawaiiense-based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A-B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene is presented. Additionally, we report Chlorosplenium chlora from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.

Unroughing the cat's tongue mushrooms: Four new species of Pseudohydnum from Brazil based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence.

Pseudohydnum, commonly known as cat's tongue mushrooms, is a monophyletic assemblage within Auriculariales, which encompasses species with gelatinous basidiomata, spathulate, flabellate, or shell-shaped pileus, hydnoid hymenophore, globose to ellipsoidal basidiospores, and longitudinally cruciate-septate basidia. According to the available literature, 16 species have been described in Pseudohydnum, mostly represented in temperate-boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the limited morphological, molecular, and ecological information, especially from the Southern Hemisphere ecosystems, does not presently allow a reliable assessment of its taxonomic boundaries nor provide a complete picture of the species diversity in the genus. In an ongoing effort to examine specimens collected in dense and mixed ombrophilous forest fragments (Atlantic Rainforest domain) from Southeastern and Southern Brazil, additional taxa assigned to Pseudohydnum were identified. Four new species are recognized based mostly on characters of the pileus surface, stipe, hymenium, and basidiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode), partial nuc rDNA 28S, and partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) sequences supported the description of these new taxa. Here, we propose Pseudohydnum brasiliense, P. brunneovelutinum, P. cupulisnymphae, and P. viridimontanum as new species. Morphological descriptions, line drawings, habitat photos, and comparisons with closely related taxa are provided. A dichotomous key for identification of currently known Southern Hemisphere Pseudohydnum species is presented.

Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, and Sarcodon (Thelephorales) from Australasia.

Stipitate Thelephorales are basidiomycetous, mostly hydnoid, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some species have declined considerably, and some are threat-listed as vulnerable or endangered. These ecological concerns require a well-resolved taxonomy to understand diversity in this group of fungi and facilitate conservation. However, phylogenetic studies have mostly neglected Southern Hemisphere representatives. This study examines the fleshy species of stipitate Thelephorales from native forests in Australia and New Zealand, using morphological analyses and phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and D1-D2 domains at the 5' end of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequences amplified from DNA isolated from fungarium collections and environmental DNA (eDNA) sequences from the Australian Microbiome initiative. Five new species, Sarcodon austrofibulatus, Hydnellum gatesiae, H. nothofagacearum, H. pseudoioeides, and H. variisporum, are described, Sarcodon carbonarius is transferred to Neosarcodon, and a key is provided for the six named species in the region. Boletopsis and Neosarcodon are reported from Australia for the first time based on detections from eDNA in soil samples taken from native forests. The Australasian species of Hydnellum occupy a highly derived position with the phylogeny of the genus, the members of which are otherwise all from the Northern Hemisphere, suggestive of a long-distance dispersal origin for the Australasian species.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three Novel Species of Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan Province, China.

Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae) is recognized as a valuable medicinal resource in Taiwan, China. Additionally, it serves as a traditional folk medicine for treating neurotic epilepsy in Malaysia. This study involved the collection of six specimens of Sanguinoderma from Yunnan Province, China. Employing multigene phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear small subunit (nSSU) and morphological examinations, three new species, viz. Sanguinoderma concentricum, S. dehongense and S. ovisporum, are introduced. Sanguinoderma concentricum is characterized by a central stipe basidiomata, an orbicular to suborbicular pileus, a grayish-yellow surface with alternating concentric zones and wavy margin-like petals and regular pileipellis cells (4-8 × 17-28 µm). Sanguinoderma dehongense is characterized by a long stipe and flabelliform basidiomata, a dark-grayish yellow-to-dark-yellow pileus surface, irregular pileipellis cells and wavy margin and ellipsoid basidia (8-11 × 9-13 µm). Sanguinoderma ovisporum is characterized by a reniform basidiomata, a heterogeneous context and ovoid basidiospores (7.5-8.6 × 5.5-7.2 µm). A detailed description and illustrations of these new species are provided, as well as a morphological comparison with similar taxa.

Six Species of Phyllachora with Three New Taxa on Grass from Sichuan Province, China.

Phyllachora (Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales) species are parasitic fungi with a wide global distribution, causing tar spots on plants. In this study, we describe three newly discovered species: Phyllachora chongzhouensis, Phyllachora neidongensis, and Phyllachora huiliensis from Poaceae in China. These species were characterized using morphological traits and multi-locus phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) with the intervening 5.8S rRNA gene, the large subunit of the rRNA gene (LSU), and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (SSU). Three known species of P. chloridis, P. graminis, and P. miscanthi have also been redescribed, because, in reviewing the original references of P. chloridis, P. graminis, and P. miscanthi, these were found to be relatively old and in Chinese or abbreviated. In addition, the illustrations were simple. In molecular identification, the ITS sequence is short, while the ITS, LSU, and SSU are incomplete. Therefore, this study provides new important references for the redescription of three known species and provides further evidence for the identification of new taxa.

Seven New Species of Entoloma Subgenus Cubospora (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Subtropical Regions of China.

Entoloma is a relatively large genus in Agaricales, with a rich diversity of species and a wide distribution. In this study, seven new species of Entoloma belonging to the subgenus Cubospora have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions of China. Morphologically, E. excavatum is characterized by the yellow, depressed, estriate pileus and medium-sized basidiospores; E. lacticolor is recognized by the white and papillate pileus, adnexed lamellae, and presence of clamp connections; E. phlebophyllum is identified by the pink-to-maroon and estriate pileus, and lamellae with lateral veins; E. rufomarginatum differs from other cuboid-spored species by the lamellae edge which is red-brown-underlined; E. subcycneum is characterized by the white pileus and carneogriseum-type cheilocystidia; E. submurrayi is recognized by the pileus margin exceeding the lamellae, 2-layered pileipellis with hyphae of different widths, and the presence of clamp connections; E. tomentosum is identified by the tomentose pileus, heterogeneous lamella edge, and versiform cheilocystidia with brown-yellow contents. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the seven new species in both the ITS + LSU and 3-locus (LSU, tef-1α, rpb2) phylogenetic trees. Detailed descriptions, color photos, and a key to related species are presented.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1614-1696.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Baobabopsis sabindy in leaves of Eragrostis spartinoides, Cortinarius magentiguttatus among deep leaf litter, Laurobasidium azarandamiae from uredinium of Puccinia alyxiae on Alyxia buxifolia, Marasmius pseudoelegans on well-rotted twigs and litter in mixed wet sclerophyll and subtropical rainforest. Bolivia, Favolaschia luminosa on twigs of Byttneria hirsuta, Lecanora thorstenii on bark, in savannas with shrubs and trees. Brazil, Asterina costamaiae on leaves of Rourea bahiensis, Purimyces orchidacearum (incl. Purimyces gen. nov.) as root endophyte on Cattleya locatellii. Bulgaria, Monosporascus bulgaricus and Monosporascus europaeus isolated from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum. Finland, Inocybe undatolacera on a lawn, near Betula pendula. France, Inocybe querciphila in humus of mixed forest. Germany, Arrhenia oblongispora on bare soil attached to debris of herbaceous plants and grasses. Greece, Tuber aereum under Quercus coccifera and Acer sempervirens. India, Alfoldia lenyadriensis from the gut of a Platynotus sp. beetle, Fulvifomes subramanianii on living Albizzia amara, Inosperma pavithrum on soil, Phylloporia parvateya on living Lonicera sp., Tropicoporus maritimus on living Peltophorum pterocarpum. Indonesia, Elsinoe atypica on leaf of Eucalyptus pellita. Italy, Apiotrichum vineum from grape wine, Cuphopyllus praecox among grass. Madagascar, Pisolithus madagascariensis on soil under Intsia bijuga. Netherlands, Cytosporella calamagrostidis and Periconia calamagrostidicola on old leaves of Calamagrostis arenaria, Hyaloscypha caricicola on leaves of Carex sp., Neoniesslia phragmiticola (incl. Neoniesslia gen. nov.) on leaf sheaths of standing dead culms of Phragmites australis, Neptunomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus maritimus, Zenophaeosphaeria calamagrostidis (incl. Zenophaeosphaeria gen. nov.) on culms of Calamagrostis arenaria. Norway, Hausneria geniculata (incl. Hausneria gen. nov.) from a gallery of Dryocoetes alni on Alnus incana. Pakistan, Agrocybe auriolus on leaf litter of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Rhodophana rubrodisca in nutrient-rich loamy soil with Morus alba. Poland, Cladosporium nubilum from hypersaline brine, Entomortierella ferrotolerans from soil at mines and postmining sites, Pseudopezicula epiphylla from sooty mould community on Quercus robur, Quixadomyces sanctacrucensis from resin of Pinus sylvestris, Szafranskia beskidensis (incl. Szafranskia gen. nov.) from resin of Abies alba. Portugal, Ascocoryne laurisilvae on degraded wood of Laurus nobilis, Hygrocybe madeirensis in laurel forests, Hygrocybula terracocta (incl. Hygrocybula gen. nov.) on mossy areas of laurel forests planted with Cryptomeria japonica. Republic of Kenya, Penicillium gorferi from a sterile chicken feather embedded in a soil sample. Slovakia, Cerinomyces tatrensis on bark of Pinus mugo, Metapochonia simonovicovae from soil. South Africa, Acremonium agapanthi on culms of Agapanthus praecox, Alfaria elegiae on culms of Elegia ebracteata, Beaucarneamyces stellenboschensis (incl. Beaucarneamyces gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Beaucarnea stricta, Gardeniomyces kirstenboschensis (incl. Gardeniomyces gen. nov.) rotting fruit of Gardenia thunbergia, Knufia dianellae on dead leaves of Dianella caerulea, Lomaantha quercina on twigs of Quercus suber. Melanina restionis on dead leaves of Restio duthieae, Microdochium buffelskloofinum on seeds of Eragrostis cf. racemosa, Thamnochortomyces kirstenboschensis (incl. Thamnochortomyces gen. nov.) on culms of Thamnochortus fraternus, Tubeufia hagahagana on leaves of Hypoxis angustifolia, Wingfieldomyces cypericola on dead leaves of Cyperus papyrus. Spain, Geastrum federeri in soil under Quercus suber and Q. canariensis, Geastrum nadalii in calcareous soil under Juniperus, Quercus, Cupressus, Pinus and Robinia, Hygrocybe garajonayensis in laurel forests, Inocybe cistophila on acidic soil under Cistus ladanifer, Inocybe sabuligena in a mixed Quercus ilex subsp. ballota/Juniperus thurifera open forest, Mycena calongei on mossy bark base of Juniperus oxycedrus, Rhodophana ulmaria on soil in Ulmus minor forest, Tuber arriacaense in soil under Populus pyramidalis, Volvariella latispora on grassy soils in a Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia stand. Sweden, Inocybe iota in alpine heath on calcareous soil. Thailand, Craterellus maerimensis and Craterellus sanbuakwaiensis on laterite and sandy soil, Helicocollum samlanense on scale insects, Leptosporella cassiae on dead twigs of Cassia fistula, Oxydothis coperniciae on dead leaf of Copernicia alba, Russula mukdahanensis on soil, Trechispora sangria on soil, Trechispora sanpatongensis on soil. Türkiye, Amanita corylophila in a plantation of Corylus avellana. Ukraine, Pararthrophiala adonis (incl. Pararthrophiala gen. nov.) on dead stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Cladorrhinum carnegieae from Carnegiea gigantea, Dematipyriformia americana on swab from basement wall, Dothiora americana from outside air, Dwiroopa aeria from bedroom air, Lithohypha cladosporioides from hospital swab, Macroconia verruculosa on twig of Ilex montana, associated with black destroyed ascomycetous fungus and Biatora sp., Periconia floridana from outside air, Phytophthora fagacearum from necrotic leaves and shoots of Fagus grandifolia, Queenslandipenidiella californica on wood in crawlspace. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Jurjevic Z, Balashov S, De la Peña-Lastra S, Mateos A, Pinruan U, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Osieck ER, Altés A, Czachura P, Esteve-Raventós F, Gunaseelan S, Kaliyaperumal M, Larsson E, Luangsa-ard JJ, Moreno G, Pancorbo F, Piatek M, Sommai S, Somrithipol S, Asif M, Delgado G, Flakus A, Illescas T, Kezo K, Khamsuntorn P, Kubátová A, Labuda R, Lavoise C, Lebel T, Lueangjaroenkit P, Maciá-Vicente JG, Paz A, Saba M, Shivas RG, Tan YP, Wingfield MJ, Aas T, Abramczyk B, Ainsworth AM, Akulov A, Alvarado P, Armada F, Assyov B, Avchar R, Avesani M, Bezerra JL, Bhat JD, Bilanski P, Bily DS, Boccardo F, Bozok F, Campos JC, Chaimongkol S, Chellappan N, Costa MM, Dalecká M, Darmostuk V, Daskalopoulos V, Dearnaley J, Dentinger BTM, De Silva NI, Dhotre D, Carlavilla JR, Doungsa-ard C, Dovana F, Erhard A, Ferro LO, Gallegos SC, Giles CE, Gore G, Gorfer M, Guard FE, Hanson S-A, Haridev P, Jankowiak R, Jeffers SN, Kandemir H, Karich A, Kislo K, Kiss L, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Latha KPD, Lorenzini M, Lumyong S, Manimohan P, Manjón JL, Maula F, Mazur E, Mesquita NLS, Mlynek K, Mongkolsamrit S, Morán P, Murugadoss R, Nagarajan M, Nalumpang S, Noisripoom W, Nosalj S, Novaes QS, Nowak M, Pawlowska J, Peiger M, Pereira OL, Pinto A, Plaza M, Polemis E, Polhorský A, Ramos DO, Raza M, Rivas-Ferreiro M, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M, Sánchez A, Santos A, Schüller A, Scott PA, Sen I, Shelke D, Sliwa L, Solheim H, Sonawane H, Strasiftáková D, Stryjak-Bogacka M, Sudsanguan M, Suwannarach N, Suz LM, Syme K, Taskin H, Tennakoon DS, Tomka P, Vaghefi N, Vasan V, Vauras J, Wiktorowicz D, Villarreal M, Vizzini A, Wrzosek M, Yang X, Yingkunchao W, Zapparoli G, Zervakis GI, Groenewald JZ (2024). Fungal Planet description sheets: 1614-1696. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 13: 183-440. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.13.11.

New species and new records of Laccaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Northern Thailand.

Two new species Laccariapseudoalba and L.subroseoalbescens are described and illustrated, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Two new records, Laccariaumbilicata and L.yunnanensis from Thailand, are also reported. Laccariasubroseoalbescens is characterized by small basidiomata, stipe equal with an enlarged base, and nearly subclavate, pale pink to light orange. Laccariapseudoalba is characterized by pale orange to orange white pileus, has umbo when young on the pileus, and fistulose stipe of the pale to pastel red color. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data from rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) are provided as further evidence. Molecular analysis confirms the phylogenetic positions of the two new species and two new records. The differences in characteristics of these two new species and closely related species are discussed herein.

Phylogenomic analysis of the Candida auris-Candida haemuli clade and related taxa in the Metschnikowiaceae, and proposal of thirteen new genera, fifty-five new combinations and nine new species.

Candida is a polyphyletic genus of asexually reproducing yeasts in the Saccharomycotina with more than 400 species that occur in almost all families of the subclass and its name is strongly connected with the infectious disease candidiasis. During the last two decades, approximately half of the Candida species have been reassigned into more than 36 already existing genera and 14 newly proposed genera, but the polyphyletic feature of the genus largely remained. Candida auris is an important, globally emerging opportunistic pathogen that has caused life-threatening outbreaks in healthcare facilities worldwide. This species belongs to the Candida auris-Candida haemuli (CAH) clade in the Metschnikowiaceae, a clade that contains multidrug-resistant clinically relevant species, but also species isolated from natural environments. The clade is phylogenetically positioned remotely from the type species of the genus Candida that is Candida vulgaris (currently interpreted as a synonym of Candida tropicalis) and belongs to the family Debaryomycetaceae. Although previous phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies confirmed the position of C. auris in the Metschnikowiaceae, these analyses failed to resolve the position of the CAH clade within the family and its delimitation from the genera Clavispora and Metschnikowia. To resolve the position of the CAH clade, phylogenomic and comparative genomics analyses were carried out to address the phylogenetic position of C. auris and related species in the Metschnikowiaceae using several metrics, such as the average amino acid identity (AAI) values, the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) and the presence-absence patterns of orthologs (PAPO). Based on those approaches, 13 new genera are proposed for various Candida and Hyphopichia species, including members of the CAH clade in the Metschnikowiaceae. As a result, C. auris and related species are reassigned to the genus Candidozyma. Fifty-five new combinations and nine new species are introduced and this will reduce the polyphyly of the genus Candida. Citation: Liu F, Hu Z-D, Zhao X-M, et al. 2024. Phylogenomic analysis of the Candida auris-Candida haemuli clade and related taxa in the Metschnikowiaceae, and proposal of thirteen new genera, fifty-five new combinations and nine new species. Persoonia 52: 22-43. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.02 .

Single host plant species may harbour more than one species of Peronospora - a case study on Peronospora infecting Plantago.

The genus Peronospora is the largest genus of the oomycetes, fungus-like members of the kingdom Straminipila that also contains amoeboid (e.g., Leukarachnion) and plant-like (e.g., Laminaria) lifeforms. Peronospora species are obligate biotrophic plant pathogens, causing high economic losses in various crops and ornamentals, including Plantago species. Several species of Plantago are used as speciality crops and medicinal plants. In this study, Peronospora species parasitic on Plantago were investigated based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses using two nuclear (ITS, nrLSU) loci and one mitochondrial (cox2) locus. As a result of these investigations, 10 new species are added to the already known Peronospora species on Plantago. Interestingly, it was found that four independent species are parasitic to Plantago major, highlighting that the reliance on the host plant for pathogen determination can be misleading in Peronospora. Taking this into account, morphological and phylogenetic analyses should be conducted as a prerequisite for effective quarantine regulations and phytosanitary measures. Citation: Mu M, Choi Y-J, Kruse J, et al. 2024. Single host plant species may harbour more than one species of Peronospora - a case study on Peronospora infecting Plantago. Persoonia 52: 94-118. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2024.52.04 .