Uso da terapia a laser de baixa potência como coadjuvante no levantamento de seios maxilares na implantodontia / Use of low-power laser therapy as an adjuvant in elevating maxillary sinuses in implantology

A busca por implantes dentários se tornou uma prática odontológica muito utilizada, no entanto, existem pacientes que não apresenta volume ósseo suficiente para receber o implante. A terapia a laser de baixa potência (LTBP) contém uma resposta relevante no desempenho dessas fases primárias da estabilidade da osseointegração. Dessa maneira, o estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficiência e aplicação do LTBP em levantamento de seio maxilar dentro da implantodontia, ressaltando seus benefícios, limitações, importância e impacto para saúde bucal. Tratou-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, com seleção de artigos científicos encontrados nas bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS, BVS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, sem período definido de publicação, com cruzamento dos Descritores em Ciências e Saúde (DeCS) e adotados os operadores booleanos "AND" e "OR". A quantidade ideal de altura óssea é importante para a reabilitação com implantes dentários e, em certos casos, o levantamento de seio maxilar se torna necessário expandir a altura de osso residual na maxila por meio da elevação da membrana de Schneider. Sendo assim, a literatura apresenta diversas formas para utilizar o LTBP na implantodontia, desde o início da limpeza na região que vai receber o implante até sua realização cirúrgica, a qual apresenta ótima melhoria na ação de osseointegração, amenizando desconfortos referentes ao pós-operatório e planejamento cirúrgico. Apesar de existir estudos controversos sobre a aplicação do LTBP no levantamento de seio maxilar para colocação de implantes, fica evidente que sua utilização obtém resultados efetivos no processo de cicatrização e reparação dos tecidos ósseos.

The search for dental implants has become a widely used dental practice; however, there are patients who do not have sufficient bone volume to receive the implant. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) contains a relevant response in the performance of these primary phases of osseointegration stability. Thus, the study aims to analyze the efficiency and application of LLLT in maxillary sinus lifting within implantology, highlighting its benefits, limitations, importance, and impact on oral health. It was a narrative literature review, with the selection of scientific articles found in the databases: PubMed, LILACS, BVS, SciELO, and Google Scholar, without a defined publication period, with the crossing of the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and the adoption of the boolean operators "AND" and "OR." The ideal amount of bone height is important for rehabilitation with dental implants, and in certain cases, maxillary sinus lifting becomes necessary to expand the residual bone height in the maxilla through elevation of the Schneiderian membrane. Thus, the literature presents various ways to use LLLT in implantology, from the beginning of cleaning in the region that will receive the implant to its surgical implementation, which shows excellent improvement in osseointegration action, alleviating discomfort related to postoperative and surgical planning. Although there are controversial studies on the application of LLLT in maxillary sinus lifting for implant placement, it is evident that its use yields effective results in the healing and repair process of bone tissues.

Aplicações dos óleos essenciais na odontologia: uma revisão de literatura / Applications of essential oils in dentistry: a literature review

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o uso tópico de óleos essenciais como potencial agentes para a atividade de clínica odontológica. Métodos: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados BVS e PubMed. Selecionando artigos-chave que abordavam a aplicação de óleos essenciais em odontologia, utilizando como palavras-chave o nome científico e popular associado a "dentistry", nos idiomas português e inglês, publicados no período de 2018 a 2022. Resultados: Obteve-se uma tabela contendo os principais óleos essenciais de utilização comum ­ 54 óleos ­, sendo 34 excluídos por não possuírem ligação com a odontologia, e 20 óleos fazendo referência a utilização na prática clínica, dessa maneira analisados as suas principais propriedades, notou-se eficácia em diversas áreas como em: periodontia; endodontia; odontopediatria; cicatrização de lesões na cavidade oral; analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e anestésicos. Conclusão: Dessa forma, pode-se observar que há aplicação de óleos essenciais na odontologia, e que possui diversos benefícios quando utilizada de maneira correta e adequada, manifestando efeitos que abordam o paciente em sua universalidade. Nesse sentido, é necessário maiores estudos nessa área, pois apresentou um número considerável de resultados positivos na utilização de óleos essenciais na atividade odontológica para poder tirar proveito dos benefícios oferecidos através dos óleos.

Objective: To analyze the available evidence in the literature regarding the topical use of essential oils as potential agents for dental clinic activities. Methods: BVS and PubMed databases were utilized. Key articles addressing the application of essential oils in dentistry were selected, using scientific and common names associated with "dentistry" as keywords in Portuguese and English, published between 2018 and 2022. Results: A table was compiled containing the main essential oils commonly used­54 oils in total. Thirty-four oils were excluded as they had no connection to dentistry, leaving 20 oils associated with clinical practice. The analysis of these oils revealed their primary properties, showing efficacy in various areas such as periodontics, endodontics, pediatric dentistry, healing of oral cavity lesions, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anesthetic effects. Conclusion: Thus, it can be observed that there is an application of essential oils in dentistry, and they offer various benefits when used correctly and appropriately, manifesting effects that address the patient universally. In this regard, further studies in this area are necessary as it presented a considerable number of positive results in the use of essential oils in dental practice to fully take advantage of the benefits offered by these oils.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Investigação ex vivo do diâmetro anatômico do canal mesiopalatino de primeiros molares superiores humanos / Ex vivo investigation of the anatomical diameter of the mesiopalatal canal of human maxillary first molars

Objetivou-se investigar ex vivo o diâmetro anatômico e conicidade do canal mesiopalatino de primeiros molares superiores. Para tanto, trinta e três primeiros molares superiores humanos foram acessados, explorados para confirmação da existência do canal mesiopalatino, identificados, suas raízes mesiovestibulares seccionadas transversalmente em três níveis e, então, os fragmentos foram fotografados com microscópio digital, que permitiu a realização das determinações dos diâmetros anatômicos deste canal em cada amostra. Os resultados foram calculados em função dos valores médios e de desvio padrão dos diâmetros em cada nível, obtendo-se respectivamente 0,20 mm e ±0,09 mm (nível cervical), 0,20 mm e ±0,08 mm (nível médio) e 0,17 mm e ±0,06 mm (nível apical). Nas condições deste estudo, de acordo com caráter atrésico e baixa conicidade do conduto mesiopalatino, sugere-se a necessidade de uso de instrumentos de diâmetro de ponta mínimo de 0,25 mm e conicidade 0,03 para o seu preparo.

The aim was to investigate ex vivo the anatomical diameter and taper of the mesiopalatine canal of maxillary first molars. To this end, thirty-three human maxillary first molars were accessed, explored to confirm the existence of the mesiopalatine canal, identified, their mesiobuccal roots transversely sectioned at three levels and then the fragments were photographed using a digital microscope, which allowed the anatomical diameters of this canal to be determined in each sample. The results were calculated according to the mean and standard deviation values of the diameters at each level, obtaining 0.20 mm and ±0.09 mm (cervical level), 0.20 mm and ±0.08 mm (middle level) and 0.17 mm and ±0.06 mm (apical level) respectively. Under the conditions of this study, given the atresic nature and low taper of the mesiopalatine canal, it is suggested that instruments with a minimum tip diameter of 0.25 mm and a taper of 0.03 should be used for its preparation.

Etiopatogenia e tratamento da osteonecrose dos maxilares induzida por medicamentos: aspectos essenciais ao dentista / Etiopathogenesis and treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: essential aspects for the dentist

A osteonecrose dos maxilares induzida por medicamentos (MRONJ) caracteriza-se por exposição óssea ou osso que pode ser sondado através de fístula intra ou extraoral, em região maxilofacial, e que não cicatriza dentro de oito semanas. A MRONJ é uma condição rara e debilitante que pode causar dor, disfagia e odor desagradável na cavidade oral, afetando pacientes com histórico ou sob uso contínuo de terapia antirreabsortiva, isolada ou associada a imunomoduladores ou drogas antiangiogênicas, mas sem histórico de radioterapia nos maxilares. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa de literatura é compilar os principais aspectos sobre a etiopatogenia da MRONJ e as opções terapêuticas disponíveis. A etiologia da MRONJ é multifatorial, complexa, e não está totalmente compreendida, não havendo um tratamento definitivo, mas diversas modalidades terapêuticas que visam o controle da dor e da progressão da osteonecrose. Conclui-se com essa revisão que o entendimento da etiopatogenia da MRONJ pelo cirurgião-dentista lhe permite adotar medidas preventivas, bem como o conhecimento das modalidades terapêuticas disponíveis lhe possibilita oferecer o manejo adequado para seu paciente, conforme o estágio da doença.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is characterized by exposed bone or bone that can be probed through an intra or extraoral fistula, in the maxillofacial region, which does not heal within eight weeks. MRONJ is a rare and debilitating condition that can cause pain, dysphagia and unpleasant odor in the oral cavity, affecting patients with a history or continuous use of antiresorptive therapy, alone or associated with immunomodulators or antiangiogenic drugs, but without a history of radiotherapy to the jaws. The aim of this narrative literature review is to compile the main aspects about the etiopathogenesis of MRONJ and the available therapeutic options. The etiology of MRONJ is multifactorial, complex, and is not fully understood, with no definitive treatment, but several therapeutic modalities that aim to control pain and the progression of osteonecrosis. It is concluded from this review that the understanding of the etiopathogenesis of MRONJ by the dental surgeon allows him to adopt preventive measures, as well as the knowledge of the therapeutic modalities available allows him to offer the appropriate management for his patient, depending on the stage of the disease.

Evaluation of the impact of binocular versus monocular cataract surgery using Catquest-9SF: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: This prospective, randomized, unmasked, clinical trial aimed to report the visual outcomes of cataract surgery on both eyes versus cataract surgery on one eye in Brazilian patients. Methods: This study included patients with bilateral cataracts and binocular visual acuity worse than or equal to 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The patients were randomly assigned to undergo surgery on one (Control Group) or both eyes (one eye at a time; Intervention Group). Postoperatively, self-reported visual function using Catquest-9SF (primary outcome measure), binocular visual acuity, stereopsis, and ocular dominance (secondary outcome measures) were compared. Results: A total of 151 patients (77 and 148 eyes in the Control and Intervention Groups, respectively) completed the follow-up. Patients who underwent surgery on both eyes exhibited significantly better self-reported visual function (p=0.036) and stereopsis (p=0.026) than those who underwent surgery on one eye. Binocular visual acuity and ocular dominance did not affect the group comparisons. Conclusions: Surgery on both eyes resulted in significantly better self-reported visual function and stereopsis than surgery on one eye.

Brazilian children's quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of contextual factors and dimensions / Qualidade de vida de crianças brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19: análise de fatores e dimensões contextuais

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the contextual factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) of Brazilian children aged 0-12 years during the strict period of social isolation. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 using an online questionnaire on QOL-related family factors and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™). Results were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The sample had 849 children, mostly from the South Region of Brazil (75%), white (83%), with typical development (79%), sedentary (68%), using screen (85%) for >3 h/day (44%). Their mothers were their main caregivers (90%). The following variables were significantly associated with high scores of QOL: typical health status (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.60-3.55; screen time ≤2 h/day (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.17-2.24); social distancing considered as "easy" (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.20-2.32), and stimulation of the child by the family (OR 1.93; 95%CI 1.08-3.45). Conclusions: This study indicates that the family context can influence children's QOL, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and home environment reorganization.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores contextuais associados à qualidade de vida (QV) de crianças brasileiras de zero a 12 anos, em momento de ápice de distanciamento social. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, online, de julho a setembro de 2020, com questionário sobre fatores do contexto familiar associados à QV e Inventário Pediátrico sobre QV — PedsQL™. A análise dos dados foi feita por de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: A amostra foi de 849 crianças, na maioria da Região Sul (75%), brancas (83%), com desenvolvimento típico (79%), sedentárias (68%), com uso de telas (85%) em tempo >3h/dia (44%). As mães eram as cuidadoras principais (90%). Foram significativamente associadas a escores mais elevados de QV: a condição de saúde típica (odds ratio — OR 2,38; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,60-3,55), o tempo de tela ≤2h/dia (OR 1,62; IC95% 1,17-2,24), o distanciamento social considerado "fácil" (OR 1,67; IC95% 1,20-2,32) e a família afirmar estimular a criança (OR 1,93; IC95% 1,08-3,45). Conclusões: Este estudo mostra que o contexto familiar pode influenciar a QV de crianças, especialmente no período de pandemia e de reorganização do ambiente domiciliar.

Evaluation of functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta / Avaliação da funcionalidade e fatores associados de crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall's Tau-b test. Results: The participants involved in this study were 6-18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita (OI). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 crianças e adolescentes com OI. Foram avaliados prontuários médicos, uso de bisfosfonatos, características socioeconômicas, dinamometria de preensão palmar, equilíbrio, hipermobilidade articular, nível de deambulação e escores do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT). Os dados foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão e comparados por teste t por Mann-Whitney, enquanto os categóricos foram apresentados em frequência e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Análises intragrupos foram realizadas por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) ou Teste de Wilcoxon para postos sinalizados. O teste Tau-b de Kendall foi usado para correlações. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 18 anos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Casos moderados/graves (n=10) apresentaram menor estatura e força muscular comparadas às dos leves (n=20). Fraqueza muscular foi observada em todos os casos de OI quando comparados à população normal. Não houve diferença nos domínios do PEDI-CAT com exceção do domínio mobilidade. Houve correlação entre o número de fraturas, tipo de OI, peso e equilíbrio e o domínio mobilidade; e entre os domínios Atividades Diárias e Mobilidade e Responsabilidade e Social/cognitivo do PEDI-CAT. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que crianças com OI moderada/severa podem atingir o mesmo nível de funcionalidade que crianças com a forma leve. Fraturas podem ter grande influência no nível de funcionalidade e o tratamento deve enfocar a prevenção e a reabilitação desses eventos.

A Second-Generation (44-Channel) Suprachoroidal Retinal Prosthesis: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial of Feasibility.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of a second-generation (44-channel) suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis for provision of functional vision in recipients with end-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP) over 2.7 years. Design: Prospective, single-arm, unmasked interventional clinical trial. Participants: Four participants, with advanced RP and bare-light perception vision. Methods: The 44-channel suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis was implanted in the worse-seeing eye. Device stability, functionality, and adverse events were investigated at approximately 12-week intervals up to 140 weeks (2.7 years) postdevice activation. Main Outcome Measures: Serious adverse event (SAE) reporting, visual response outcomes, functional vision outcomes, and quality-of-life outcomes. Results: All 4 participants (aged 39-66 years, 3 males) were successfully implanted in 2018, and there were no device-related SAEs over the duration of the study. A mild postoperative subretinal hemorrhage was detected in 2 recipients, which cleared spontaneously within 2 weeks. OCT confirmed device stability and position under the macula. Improvements in localization abilities were demonstrated for all 4 participants in screen-based, tabletop, and orientation and mobility tasks. In addition, 3 of 4 participants recorded improvements in motion discrimination and 2 of 4 participants recorded substantial improvements in spatial discrimination and identification of tabletop objects. Participants reported their unsupervised use of the device included exploring new environments, detecting people, and safely navigating around obstacles. A positive effect of the implant on participants' daily lives in their local environments was confirmed by an orientation and mobility assessor and participant self-report. Emotional well-being was not impacted by device implantation or usage. Conclusions: The completed clinical study demonstrates that the suprachoroidal prosthesis raises no safety concerns and provides improvements in functional vision, activities of daily living, and observer-rated quality of life. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

An integrative pharmacology-based study on the efficacy and mechanism of essential oil of Chaihu Guizhi Decoction on influenza A virus induced pneumonia in mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chaihu Guizhi Decoction (CGD) has a long history of use in China for the treatment of influenza, which involves the use of a variety of aromatic herbs. Our previous studies have found that the contents of aromatic constituents in CGD affected the efficacy of treatment of influenza-infected mice, suggesting a clue that essential oil from CGD may play a relatively important role in ameliorating influenza induced pneumonia. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the anti-influenza potential of essential oil derived from Chaihu Guizhi Decoction (CGD-EO), to characterize and predict the key active components in CGD-EO, and to explore the mechanism of action of CGD-EO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CGD-EO was obtained by steam distillation, and the components of the essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in conjunction with the retention index. The constituents absorbed into the blood of mice treated with CGD-EO were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). The potential anti-influenza active constituents and their possible action pathway were predicted by simulation using a network pharmacology approach. The protective effect of CGD-EO and its major components on H1N1/PR8-infected cells was determined using the CCK8 assay kit. Mice infected with influenza A virus H1N1/PR8 were administered different doses of CGD-EO orally and the body weights and lung weights were recorded. Mice with varying degrees of H1N1/PR8 infection were administered CGD-EO orally, and their daily weight, water consumption, and clinical indicators were recorded. Necropsies were conducted on days 3 and 5, during which lung weights were measured and lung tissues were preserved. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of the H1N1/PR8 virus and inflammatory factors in lung tissue was analyzed using RT-qPCR. RESULTS: (E)-cinnamaldehyde was the most abundant compound in the CGD-EO. The results of serum medicinal chemistry combined with network pharmacological analysis indicated that (E)-cinnamaldehyde and 3-phenyl-2-propenal may be potential active components of the CGD-EO anti-influenza, and may be involved in the NF-κB signalling pathway. In vitro studies have demonstrated that both CGD-EO and cinnamaldehyde exert a protective effect on MDCK cells infected with H1N1/PR8. In a 0.5 TCID50 H1N1/PR8-induced influenza model, mice treated with CGD-EO at a dose of 63.50 µg/kg exhibited a reduction in lung index, pathological lung lesions, and H1N1/PR8 viral gene levels. In addition, CGD-EO treatment was found to regulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Moreover, following three days of administration, an upregulation of NF-κB mRNA levels in mouse lung tissue was observed in response to CGD-EO treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study indicate CGD-EO exerts a protective effect against H1N1-induced cytopathic lesions in vitro and is capable of alleviating H1N1-induced pneumonitis in mice. Moreover, it appears to be more efficacious in the treatment of mild symptoms of H1N1 infection. Studies have demonstrated that CGD-EO has antiviral potential to attenuate influenza-induced lung injury by modulating inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signalling pathways during the early stages of influenza infection. It is possible that (E)-cinnamaldehyde is a potential active ingredient in the anti-influenza efficacy of CGD-EO.

In situ study on articular cartilage degeneration in simulated microgravity by HOF-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) can provide rich information on the composition and content of samples, enabling the detection of subtle changes in tissue composition and structure. This study represents the first application of FTIRS to investigate cartilage under microgravity. Simulated microgravity cartilage model was firstly established by tail-suspension (TS) for 7, 14 and 21 days, which would be compared to control samples. A self-developed hollow optical fiber attenuated total reflection (HOF-ATR) probe coupled with a FTIR spectrometer was used for the spectral acquisition of cartilage samples in situ, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the changes in the contents of cartilage matrix at different stages. The results indicate that cartilage degenerates in microgravity, the collagen content gradually decreases with the TS time, and the structure of collagen fibers changes. The trends of proteoglycan content and collagen integrity show an initial decrease followed by an increase, ultimately significantly decreasing. The findings provide the basis for the cartilage degeneration in microgravity with TS time, which must be of real significance for space science and health detection.

NIR responsive scaffold with multistep shape memory and photothermal-chemodynamic properties for complex tissue defects repair and antibacterial therapy.

Complex tissue damage accompanying with bacterial infection challenges healthcare systems globally. Conventional tissue engineering scaffolds normally generate secondary implantation trauma, mismatched regeneration and infection risks. Herein, we developed an easily implanted scaffold with multistep shape memory and photothermal-chemodynamic properties to exactly match repair requirements of each part from the tissue defect by adjusting its morphology as needed meanwhile inhibiting bacterial infection on demand. Specifically, a thermal-induced shape memory scaffold was prepared using hydroxyethyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate, which was further combined with the photothermal agent iron tannate (FeTA) to produce NIR light-induced shape memory property. By varying ingredients ratios in each segment, this scaffold could perform a stepwise recovery under different NIR periods. This process facilitated implantation after shape fixing to avoid trauma caused by conventional methods and gradually filled irregular defects under NIR to perform suitable tissue regeneration. Moreover, FeTA also catalyzed Fenton reaction at bacterial infections with abundant H2O2, which produced excess ROS for chemodynamic antibacterial therapy. As expected, bacteriostatic rate was further enhanced by additional photothermal therapy under NIR. The in vitro and vivo results showed that our scaffold was able to perform high efficacy in both antibiosis, inflammation reduction and wound healing acceleration, indicating a promising candidate for the regeneration of complex tissue damage with bacterial infection.

Photoelectrochemical sensor for nitrite determination based on the etching of BiOCl/Zn0.5Cd0.5S.

A rapid photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was constructed for nitrite detection in food based on the one-step chemical etching strategy of BiOCl/Zn0.5Cd0.5S (BOC/ZCS) nanocomposites by nitrite. BOC/ZCS heterojunction was prepared by a simple coprecipitation method, and it was found that BOC/ZCS showed significant photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity. The results of this study confirmed that the decrease in the photocurrent of the sensor was linked to the etching of ZCS by nitrite under acidic conditions. Under optimized conditions, the BOC/ZCS-based PEC sensor showed good analytical properties for detecting nitrite, with linear ranges of 1-100 µM and 100-600 µM. The detection limit of the sensor was 0.41 µM (S/N = 3). Excellent repeatability, reproducibility, low background noise, and immunity to interference were demonstrated using the proposed system, and satisfactory results were achieved for the nitrite assay using real samples. These results demonstrate a new method for nitrite detection developed using the proposed PEC sensor.

Impact of microbial-based biopreparations on soil quality, plant health, and fruit chemistry in raspberry cultivation.

Application of microbial-based biopreparations as a pre-harvest strategy offers a method to obtain sustainable agricultural practices and could be an important approach for advancing food science, promoting sustainability, and meeting global food market demands. The impact of a bacterial-fungal biopreparation mixture on soil-plant-microbe interactions, fruit chemical composition and yield of 7 raspberry clones was investigated by examining the structural and functional profiles of microbial communities within leaves, fruits, and soil. Biopreparation addition caused the enhancement of the microbiological utilization of specific compounds, such as d-mannitol, relevant in plant-pathogen interactions and overall plant health. The biopreparation treatment positively affected the nitrogen availability in soil (9-160%). The analysis of plant stress marker enzymes combined with the evaluation of fruit quality and chemical properties highlight changes inducted by the pre-harvest biopreparation application. Chemical analyses highlight biopreparations' role in soil and fruit quality improvement, promoting sustainable agriculture. This effect was dependent on tested clones, showing increase of soluble solid content in fruits, concentration of polyphenols or the sensory quality of the fruits. The results of the next-generation sequencing indicated increase in the effective number of bacterial species after biopreparation treatment. The network analysis showed stimulating effect of biopreparation on microbial communities by enhancing microbial interactions (increasing the number of network edges up to 260%) of and affecting the proportions of mutual relationships between both bacteria and fungi. These findings show the potential of microbial-based biopreparation in enhancing raspberry production whilst promoting sustainable practices and maintaining environmental homeostasis and giving inshght in holistic understanding of microbial-based approaches for advancing food science monitoring.

Biological variation of methylmalonic acid in urine in spanish population.

BACKGROUND-AIM: Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is currently the best biomarker of functional vitamin B12 deficiency. However, for a correct interpretation of the patient's results it is necessary to know its biological variation (BV). No BV data are available for urine MMA values, as measured by mass spectrometry. Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the within- and between-person coefficients of variation (CVw, CVg) for MMA in a healthy population, and the associated index of individuality (II), as well as to define quality specifications based on BV and the reference change value (RCV). METHODS: Random urine samples from 34 healthy volunteers were collected over four consecutive weeks. Samples were stored at -80 °C until analysis in a single analytical run. MMA excretion was quantified by tandem liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results were normalized to urine creatinine. The coefficients of variation were estimated by CV-ANOVA. Confidence intervals (95 %) were calculated. Quality specifications were defined according to international recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 128 samples were included. The coefficients of variation were CVw = 35.7 % (26.1-45.3) and CVg = 67.7 % (58.3-77.0). The associated II was 0.5 and the RCV was 88.1 %. CONCLUSION: Considering the II obtained, MMA in urine has high individuality, therefore, RCV is better to evaluate serial clinical results. Our results will contribute to a better clinical interpretation of this biomarker and will represent a great aid when defining analytical performance specifications for this magnitude.

Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) for rapid urine opioid detection in a clinical setting.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Current laboratory methods for opioid detection involve an initial screening with immunoassays which offers efficient but non-specific results and a subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmation which offers accurate results but requires extensive sample preparation and turnaround time. Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) tandem mass spectrometry is evaluated as an alternative approach for accurate opioid detection with efficient sample preparation and turnaround time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DART-MS/MS was optimized by testing the method with varying temperatures, operation modes, extraction methods, hydrolysis times, and vortex times. The method was evaluated for 12 opioids by testing the analytical measurement range, percent carryover, precision studies, stability, and method-to-method comparison with LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: DART-MS/MS shows high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, naloxone, buprenorphine, norfentanyl, and fentanyl in urine samples. However, its performance was suboptimal for norbuprenorphine, morphine and oxycodone. CONCLUSION: In this proof-of-concept study, DART-MS/MS is evaluated for its rapid quantitative definitive testing of opioids drugs in urine. Further research is needed to expand its application to other areas of drug testing.

miRNA-based electrochemical biosensors for ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer, a prevalent and deadly cancer among women, presents a significant challenge for early detection due to its heterogeneous nature. MicroRNAs, short non-coding regulatory RNA fragments, play a role in various cellular processes. Aberrant expression of these microRNAs has been observed in the carcinogenesis-related processes of many cancer types. Numerous studies highlight the critical role of microRNAs in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer. Given their clinical importance and predictive value, there has been considerable interest in developing simple, prompt, and sensitive miRNA biosensor strategies. Among these, electrochemical sensors have demonstrated advantageous characteristics such as simplicity, sensitivity, low cost, and scalability. These microRNA-based electrochemical biosensors are valuable tools for early detection and point-of-care applications. This article discusses the potential role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer and recent advances in the development of electrochemical biosensors for miRNA detection in ovarian cancer samples.

Identifying Putative Biomarkers of Foodborne Pathogens Using a Metabolomic Approach.

Metabolomics is the study of low molecular weight biochemical molecules (typically <1500 Da) in a defined biological organism or system. In case of food systems, the term "food metabolomics" is often used. Food metabolomics has been widely explored and applied in various fields including food analysis, food intake, food traceability, and food safety. Food safety applications focusing on the identification of pathogen-specific biomarkers have been promising. This chapter describes a nontargeted metabolite profiling workflow using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for characterizing three globally important foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica, from selective enrichment liquid culture media. The workflow involves a detailed description of food spiking experiments followed by procedures for the extraction of polar metabolites from media, the analysis of the extracts using GC-MS, and finally chemometric data analysis using univariate and multivariate statistical tools to identify potential pathogen-specific biomarkers.

Sharma's risk assessment score as a decision making tool to decide between total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty as a treatment option for elderly patients with fracture neck of femur. A prospective observational study.

Purpose: The decision to do a total hip arthroplasty (THA) or a hemiarthroplasty (HA) in an elderly with a fracture neck of femur (FNOF) is commonly based upon the surgeon's preference, pre-anesthetic fitness, hospital setup, and intensive care backup. The author devised a Sharma's risk assessment score (SRAS), based upon all the common factors that affect the surgical outcomes following FNOF in the elderly, to help orthopedic surgeons decide between THA or HA as a treatment for FNOF. Material & methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary-level institute. SRAS is based upon 10 parameters with each parameter having a max score of 4 and a minimum score of 1. So the maximum score a patient can score is 40 and the minimum a patient can score is 10. It was hypothesized that a patient with FNOF with a preop SRAS score >20 if subjected to a (HA) and a patient with a preop SRAS score ≤ 20 if subjected to a (THA) would have better outcomes and low complication rates. Out of Eighty-eight patients with FNOF, 7 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 81 patients with FNOF were prospectively followed between May 2018 and May 2022 and segregated into two groups THA (n = 47) and HA(n = 34) based on the SRAS. Results: The average length of follow-up was 2.6 years (6 months-4 years). The average SRAS was an average 25.7(21-32) in the HA group and 16.2 (11-20) in the THA group. Complications were seen in 12.7 % of the THA group and 17.6 % of the HA group. We had a 2.1 % 90-day mortality in the THA group and a 2.9 % 90-day mortality in the HA group. One year mortality in THA was 2.1 % and it was increased to 5.8 % in the HA group. Conclusion: SRAS is a useful decision-making tool that would guide surgeons to decide between THA or HA as a treatment option for elderly FNOF and would help minimize post-operative complications and reduce mortality. Level 3 study: Prospective observational study.

Relationship between Neighborhood-Level Social Risk Factor Measures and Presenting Glaucoma Severity Utilizing Multilevel Modeling.

Purpose: The neighborhood and built environment social determinant of health domain has several social risk factors (SRFs) that are modifiable through policy efforts. We investigated the impact of neighborhood-level SRFs on presenting glaucoma severity at a tertiary eye care center. Design: A cross-sectional study from August 2012 to May 2022 in the University of Michigan electronic health record (EHR). Participants: Patients with a diagnosis of any open-angle glaucoma with ≥1 eye care visit at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center and ≥1 reliable visual field (VF). Methods: Participants who met inclusion criteria were identified by International Classification of Diseases ninth and tenth revision codes (365.x/H40.x). Data extracted from the EHR included patient demographics, address, presenting mean deviation (MD), and VF reliability. Addresses were mapped to SRF measures at the census tract, block group, and county levels. Multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate the fixed effects of each SRF on MD, after adjusting for patient-level demographic factors and a random effect for neighborhood. Interactions between each SRF measure with patient-level race and Medicaid status were tested for an additive effect on MD. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measure was the effect of SRF on presenting MD. Results: In total, 4428 patients were included in the analysis who were, on average, 70.3 years old (standard deviation = 11.9), 52.6% self-identified as female, 75.8% self-identified as White race, and 8.9% had Medicaid. The median value of presenting MD was -4.94 decibels (dB) (interquartile range = -11.45 to -2.07 dB). Neighborhood differences accounted for 4.4% of the variability in presenting MD. Neighborhood-level measures, including worse area deprivation (estimate, ß = -0.31 per 1-unit increase; P < 0.001), increased segregation (ß = -0.92 per 0.1-unit increase in Theil's H index; P < 0.001), and increased neighborhood Medicaid (ß = -0.68; P < 0.001) were associated with worse presenting MD. Significant interaction effects with race and Medicaid status were found in several neighborhood-level SRF measures. Conclusions: Although patients' neighborhood SRF measures accounted for a minority of the variability in presenting MD, most neighborhood-level SRFs are modifiable and were associated with clinically meaningful differences in presenting MD. Policies that aim to reduce neighborhood inequities by addressing allocation of resources could have lasting impacts on vision outcomes. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.