Electrolyzed water combined with ozone treatment for efficient removal of mancozeb residues from grapes.

Existing cleaning methods mainly focus on removing free-state pesticides. However, mancozeb can bind to the wax layer of grapes, forming bound-state residues that are difficult to remove. This study aims to develop an effective cleaning strategy to eliminate both free and bound mancozeb residues from grapes. Compared with the untreated mancozeb aqueous solution, the concentration of free mancozeb significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after treatment with ozonated water (OW), electrolyzed water (EW), and their combination (OW+EW) for 60 min. The combined treatment synergistically promoted mancozeb degradation, thus reducing its half-life to 38% and 75% of that observed when OW and EW were used alone, respectively. To investigate the effect of the waxy layer on mancozeb removal, oleanolic acid (OLA) was selected as a representative component. The binding effect of OLA limited the degradation of mancozeb in OW and EW, extending its half-life by 1.27 and 1.20 times, respectively. Density functional theory elucidated the mechanism by which the binding of OLA affects the degradation of mancozeb. Interestingly, the decomposition of mancozeb in OW + EW was almost unaffected by the introduction of OLA, indicating that the combined treatment could effectively remove bound-state mancozeb. The combined treatment was then successfully applied to remove mancozeb from grapes. After exposure to OW + EW for 10 min, the removal efficiency of mancozeb reached up to 80.61% with minimal risks of ethylene thiourea formation. There was no obvious change in the surface color of grapes after treatment. The findings provide valuable guidance for removing mancozeb from fresh fruits rich in waxy coatings.

Harnessing the potential of microalgae-based systems for mitigating pesticide pollution and its impact on their metabolism.

Due to increased pesticide usage in agriculture, a significant concentration of pesticides is reported in the environment that can directly impact humans, aquatic flora, and fauna. Utilizing microalgae-based systems for pesticide removal is becoming more popular because of their environmentally friendly nature, ability to degrade pesticide molecules into simpler, nontoxic molecules, and cost-effectiveness of the technology. Thus, this review focused on the efficiency, mechanisms, and factors governing pesticide removal using microalgae-based systems and their effect on microalgal metabolism. A wide range of pesticides, like atrazine, cypermethrin, malathion, trichlorfon, thiacloprid, etc., can be effectively removed by different microalgal strains. Some species of Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Scenedesmus, Nostoc, etc., are documented for >90% removal of different pesticides, mainly through the biodegradation mechanism. The antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as well as the complex structure of microalgae cell walls, are mainly involved in eliminating pesticides and are also crucial for the defense mechanism of microalgae against reactive oxygen species. However, higher pesticide concentrations may alter the biochemical composition and gene expression associated with microalgal growth and metabolism, which may vary depending on the type of strain, the pesticide type, and the concentration. The final section of this review discussed the challenges and prospects of how microalgae can become a successful tool to remediate pesticides.

Taguchi optimisation of the synthesis of vine-pruning-waste hydrochar as potential adsorbent for pesticides in water.

This research aimed to synthesise an effective hydrochar adsorbent from vineyard pruning wastes to remove emerging contaminants as a potential valorisation product. The adsorption capacity of the hydrochar was optimised using the Taguchi method. Four synthesis variables were evaluated: hydrothermal reaction temperature, use of H3PO4 as a catalyst, number of acetone washes, and type of chemical cold activation. The simultaneous adsorption of five model pesticides (clothianidin (CTD), acetamiprid (ACE), 2,4-D, metalaxyl (MET), and atrazine (ATZ)) at an initial pH of 7 was studied. At optimum conditions, the hydrochar presented a total adsorption capacity of 22.7 µmol/g, representing a 2.7-fold improvement with respect to pristine hydrochar performance. High percentage removals were achieved for all pollutants (85 % CTD, 94 % ACE, 86 % MET, and 95 % ATZ) except for 2,4-D (4 %). This research provides a valuable reference for developing hydrochar adsorbents for pollution control and the valorisation of biomass wastes.

SERS imaging investigation of the removal efficiency of pesticide on vegetable leaves by using different surfactants.

Pesticide residues on vegetables could be removed by commercial detergents to guarantee food safety, but the removal efficiencies of different formulations of detergents need to be further investigated. In this work, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging method due to its good space resolution as well as high sensitivity is used to track the thiram residue, and evaluate the pesticide removing efficiencies by mixtures of several surfactants at different ratios. Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulphonate-alkyl glycoside (LAS-APG) with the ratio at 5:5 and the concentration at 0.2 % show the best removing effect. In addition, HPLC method is employed to validate the results of SERS imaging. Furthermore, LAS-APG mixture could be efficiently washed out from the leaves through simple household cleaning, meaning no secondary contamination. It is perspective that SERS imaging is an effective technique to explore the effect of fruit and vegetable detergents in removing pesticide residues.

Graphene-based nanomaterials as potential candidates for environmental mitigation of pesticides.

Over the years, bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals in the food chain has become a critical issue, resulting in numerous health risks. Environmental mitigation aims to clean up contaminated sites and eliminate hazardous materials from the air, water, or soil to restore the site to its original and safe condition. Pesticides constitute one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants which are generally used to increase crop production. Addressing the removal or treatment of pesticides has become pivotal in mitigating environmental threats. Diverse remediation methods are employed to protect the environment and public health. Graphene-based materials have emerged as promising candidates with exceptional properties, including excellent adsorption capacity due to their high surface area, strong hydrophilicity, and tunable properties. Owing to these properties, they have been attracting major research attention in the field of design and fabrication of materials for the mitigation of pesticides from the environment such as from contaminated food, water and other samples. Various physical, chemical and biological extraction techniques are adopted to remove pesticides. This review article provides an insight into the potential role of graphene-based materials in the environmental remediation of pesticides. We have focused on the removal of Organophosphates, Organochlorines, Carbamates and Pyrethroids present in water, fruit, vegetable and other samples, highlighting the urgent need for environmental remediation. While graphene-based materials hold potential for pesticide remediation, addressing challenges in scalable production, assessing long-term sustainability, and mitigating potential environmental impacts are critical steps for successful large-scale applications.

Effect of rice milling, washing, and cooking on reducing pesticide residues.

The effects of milling, washing, and cooking on etofenprox, flubendiamide, and tebufenozide levels in brown and polished rice were investigated by HPLC using a UV detector. The reduction rates of etofenprox, flubendiamide, and tebufenozide after milling were 68.74-93.16%, 64.49-90.25%, and 69.74-92.58%, respectively, 11.64-41.44%, 31.36-65.37%, and 31.61-73.79%, respectively, after washing brown rice, and 30.85-82.08%, 52.13-83.05%, and 43.04-83.89%, respectively, after washing polished rice. The residue levels of the three pesticides in brown rice decreased after electric and pressure cooking by 56.49 and 54.41%, 75.80 and 73.42%, and 70.01 and 71.27%, respectively, and the corresponding levels in polished rice decreased after electric and pressure cooking by 85.58 and 85.82%, 86.70 and 87.06%, and 89.89 and 89.68%, respectively. In conclusion, various processing methods decrease the residual levels of etofenprox, flubendiamide, and tebufenozide in rice.

Facile synthesis of novel magnesium oxide nanoparticles for pesticide sorption from water.

The quantum of pesticides in surface as well as drinking water has become a serious health hazard. In this experiment, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were synthesized using leaves of purple-colored rice variety (Crossa) and utilized for simultaneous removal of three pesticides, namely, thiamethoxam, chlorpyriphos, and fenpropathrin from water. The biogenic MgO NPs were characterized using SEM-EDX, FTIR, XRD, DLS, etc. The optimum synthesis parameters (1 M NaOH, 80 °C, and 2 h) resulted in maximum yield of MgO NPs (87.7 mg), minimum hydrodynamic diameter (35.12 nm), poly dispersity index (0.14) and mean zeta potential (-11 mV). Sorption data of the three pesticides fitted well with non-linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and non-linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of MgO NPs for the three pesticides was 87.66 µg/mg, as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model. Under optimum conditions (initial concentration, 40 mg/L; dose, 30 mg/30 mL; and pH, 9), 60.13, 80.53, and 92.49% removal of thiamethoxam, chlorpyriphos, and fenpropathrin was achieved with a 100% desirability, respectively. Thus, the biogenic MgO NPs could be an efficient adsorbent of pesticides and could be recommended for pesticide decontamination in water treatment plants and domestic water purifier systems.

Removal of fenamiphos, imidacloprid, and oxamyl pesticides from water by microalgal Nannochloropsis oculata biomass and their determination by validated HPLC method.

The present study assessed the removal of fenamiphos, imidacloprid, and oxamyl pesticides from water using algal Nannochloropsis oculata biomass. Several factors, such as algal biomass concentration, incubation time, and pesticide concentration, were studied for their impact on pesticide removal. Analysis and quantification of pesticides by rapid HPLC have been developed and validated. The optimum conditions were obtained at 15 min, 50 mg/L of pesticide concentration, and 4,500 mg/L of the algal biomass with 92.24% and 90.43% removal for fenamiphos and imidacloprid, respectively. While optimum parameters of 10 min incubation, 250 mg/L of pesticide concentration, and 2,750 mg/L of the algal biomass exhibited 67.34% removal for oxamyl. N. oculata, marine microalgae, successively removed different concentrations of the tested pesticides from water, and the algal biomass showed a potential reduction of pesticides in polluted water samples.

Using Tectona Grandis Biomass to Produce Valuable Adsorbents for Pesticide Removal from Liquid Effluent.

This work presents a first approach concerning the valorization of Tectona Grandis tree by-products, from East Timor through their transformation into high activated carbon (AC) by chemical activation with KOH and K2CO3. The better ACs, Teak-KOH-1-1-700 and Teak-K2CO3-1-2-700, presented a high ABET (995 and 1132 m2·g-1) and micropore volume (0.43 and 0.5 cm3·g-1), respectively. Both ACs were tested on the removal of four pesticides, from the liquid phase. Both ACs performed better than existing commercial types, presenting a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.88, 1.67, 1.10 and 0.89 mmol·g-1, for 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diuron and atrazine, respectively. Pesticide adsorption from diluted and concentrated solutions confirms that diffusion is the limiting factor. The possibility of implementing a production unit for ACs in East Timor is very promising for that country. It presents an opportunity for job creation, biomass waste reduction and a contribution to environmental sustainability, thereby following the principles of a circular economy.

Membrane technology for pesticide removal from aquatic environment: Status quo and way forward.

The noxious side effects of pesticides on human health and environment have prompted the search of effective and reliable treatment techniques for pesticide removal. The removal of pesticides can be accomplished through physical, chemical and biologicals. Physical approaches such as filtration and adsorption are prevailing pesticide removal strategies on account of their effectiveness and ease of operation. Membrane-based filtration technology has been recognized as a promising water and wastewater treatment approach that can be used for a wide range of organic micropollutants including pesticides. Nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) and forward osmosis (FO) have been increasingly explored for pesticide removal from aquatic environment owing to their versatility and high treatment efficiencies. This review looks into the remedial strategies of pesticides from aqueous environment using membrane-based processes. The potentials and applications of three prevailing membrane processes, namely NF, RO and FO for the treatment of pesticide-containing wastewater are discussed in terms of the development of advanced membranes, separation mechanisms and system design. The challenges in regards to the practical implementation of membrane-based processes for pesticide remediation are identified. The corresponding research directions and way forward are highlighted. An in depth understanding of the pesticide nature, water chemistry and the pesticide-membrane interactions is the key to achieving high pesticide removal efficiency. The integration of membrane technology and conventional removal technologies represents a new dimension and the future direction for the treatment of wastewater containing recalcitrant pesticides.

Adsorption and removal of organophosphorus pesticides from Chinese cabbages and green onions by using metal organic frameworks based on the mussel-inspired adhesive interface.

Based on the mussel-inspired adhesive interface (Fe3O4-g-C3N4@PDA), a novel bionic metal-organic framework (Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101) was successfully prepared. The composite featured a high specific surface area and a multi-microchannel structure, as well as strong thermochemical stability. The structural property of Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe) was characterized, and the results indicated that Fe3O4, PDA, and MIL-101(Fe) were uniformly coated on the g-C3N4 surface. The adsorption and desorption of organophosphorus pesticides with Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe) were evaluated by batch experiments. This composite showed high adsorption efficiency and selective removal of coralox, phosalone, and chlorpyrifos. Under the optimal conditions, three organophosphorus pesticides were adsorbed from Chinese cabbage and green onion samples with Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe). The analytical method exhibited high sensitivity (LOD, 0.19-2.34 µg/L; LOQ, 0.65-7.82 µg/L), excellent practicality, and good stability, suggesting that Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101 was an ideal candidate magnetic adsorbent for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides in Chinese cabbage and green onion samples.

[Progress in preparation of plant biomass-derived biochar and application in pesticide residues field].

Pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides play an important role in the global agricultural industry as they reduce the occurrence of crop diseases, kill pests, and remove weeds. On the other hand, these pesticides are a double-edged sword because they have both acute effects and chronic adverse effects on human health. The widespread use of pesticides has led to their persistence in soil, water, and agricultural products, thus posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, the removal and analysis of pesticides are critical to protecting human safety and health. When removing pesticides from the environment, it is imperative to ensure high removal efficiency while preventing secondary pollution to the environment. Because of the low concentrations of pesticide residue in the environment, complex matrix, and large throughput of pesticide residue analysis, a low-cost fast pre-treatment technique that has strong selectivity and an enrichment effect on the target pesticide residue, with little environmental impact, is required. Plant biomass-derived biochar is obtained from wheat straw, corn cob, rice husk, etc. This material has a large specific surface area, high pore capacity, tunable surface functional groups, and good environmental compatibility, which make it an inexpensive and efficient adsorbent. Hence, there is a need to systematically review the knowledge regarding the application of plant-based biochar on pesticide removal and pesticide residue analysis. This paper reviews the application progress of plant biomass-derived biochar in the above mentioned two areas over the last decade. The pesticide removal applications include reducing the mobility of pesticides in soil, eliminating the pollution caused by chiral pesticides, loading pesticide-degrading bacteria, and releasing fertilizers sustainably when removing pesticide. As mentioned above, plant biomass-derived biochar has a large specific surface area, a high number of functional groups on the surface, and good environmental compatibility. Therefore, it can effectively remove pesticides or their metabolites from the environment without causing any secondary pollution. During pre-treatment, plan biomass-derived biochar is used as an adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and magnetic solid-phase extraction to selectively adsorb organophosphorus and triazole pesticides in fruits and vegetables, as well as organochlorine pesticides in the aquatic environment. This paper also introduces the adsorption mechanism of plant biomass-derived biochar, where studies based on computational simulations such as the density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulation, and giant canonical Monte Carlo simulation are carefully discussed. The benefits of adopting computational simulations are also mentioned. Finally, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of using plant biomass-derived biochar in pesticide removal and pre-treatment, as well as the future research trends in this area.

Sorption/Desorption and Kinetics of Atrazine, Chlorfenvinphos, Endosulfan Sulfate and Trifluralin on Agro-Industrial and Composted Organic Wastes.

The use of pesticides presents a risk to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. For this reason, the development of strategies to prevent and restore pollution is of the greatest interest, including the adsorption to organic matter. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sorption/desorption and kinetics of atrazine, chlorfenvinphos, endosulfan sulfate, and trifluralin onto several raw organic wastes by batch experiments. Three kinetic models were used to fit the obtained sorption kinetics data and two to fit the obtained adsorption isotherm data; both the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models described the sorption isotherms well. The desorption study revealed hysteresis in all cases, showing strong, and not completely reversible, adsorption in most cases, with the exception of atrazine-sawdust and chlorfenvinphos-sawdust and chicken manure combinations, for which responses were weak and irreversible. The best kinetic, adsorption and desorption constants were achieved for the hydrophobic pesticides. With respect to sorption-desorption rates, orujillo was found to be the best adsorbent for atrazine, while composted urban solid waste was more suitable for trifluralin and endosulfan sulfate. Sorption constants and simple correlations indicated that, not only the organic matter content, but also the nature of the organic matter itself, and the pesticide and adsorbent properties, determine pesticide sorption-desorption. The use of wastes as efficient and cheap adsorbents for reducing the risk of pesticide pollution is proposed.

Viscose-derived activated carbons as adsorbents for malathion, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos-screening, trends, and analysis.

The release and accumulation of pesticides in the environment require the development of novel sustainable technologies for their removal. While adsorption is a classical approach, the design of new materials with enhanced adsorption properties could rationalize the remediation routes and decrease potential risks for their non-target organisms, including humans. More importantly, the use of adsorbents and their synthesis should be implemented in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. In this contribution, we studied the adsorption of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) dimethoate, malathion, and chlorpyrifos on viscose fiber-derived activated carbon fibers (ACFs). The most efficient adsorption was found for chlorpyrifos, followed by malathion and dimethoate, while material properties were correlated with OP uptake. These ACFs are extremely efficient for chlorpyrifos adsorption, with experimentally observed adsorption capacitances reaching 240 mg g-1. Detailed analysis suggests that chlorpyrifos is physisorbed on ACF surfaces and that increased surface hydrophilicity reduces the uptake. Studied ACFs have great potential for practical application. They can reduce OPs' concentrations to such levels that no acute neurotoxic effects of the studied OPs in spiked tap water samples are seen, even for starting concentrations up to 104 times higher than the allowed ones. Finally, this study presents possible guidance for developing even more efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbents for chlorpyrifos, the most toxic among studied OPs.

Photocatalytic removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solution using tungsten oxide doped zinc oxide nanoparticles immobilised on glass beads.

Groundwater is the only source of high quality water for human consumption in most parts of the world; however, it can be easily contaminated by domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastes such as fertilisers and pesticides. The main objective of the present research was to study the photocatalytic removal of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid pesticide (2,4-D) from aqueous media. This was a laboratory scale study in which the zinc oxide nanoparticles were doped with 0.5, 1, and 2 molar percent of tungsten oxide. The nanoparticles synthesised were characterised using powder XRD, SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy analyses. During the photodegradation of 2,4-D, the operational parameters studied were pH, nanoparticles dosage, initial pesticide concentration, light intensity, contact time, and the mineralisation trend of organic matter. It was found that the doped nanoparticles had a smaller band gap energy, which confirms the effect of doping. The percentage of the dopant can affect the pesticide removal efficiency. The optimal pH value obtained was 7. In addition, the process efficiency, increased from 27% to 78% with increasing UV light intensity from 172 to 505 W/m2 respectively. Moreover, it was found that, with increasing light intensity, contact time and nanoparticle concentration all caused the pesticide removal efficiency to be increased too. In addition, the increase of the pesticide concentration would cause a reduction in the process removal efficiency. This study indicated that the photocatalytic process using tungsten doped zinc oxide nanoparticles can remove the 2,4-D pesticide by around 80% from the aquatic environment.

Pesticide residues in drinking water, their potential risk to human health and removal options.

The application of pesticides in agricultural and public health sectors has resulted in substantially contaminated water resources with residues in many countries. Almost no reviews have addressed pesticide residues in drinking water globally; calculated hazard indices for adults, children, and infants; or discussed the potential health risk of pesticides to the human population. The objectives of this article were to summarize advances in research related to pesticide residues in drinking water; conduct health risk assessments by estimating the daily intake of pesticide residues consumed only from drinking water by adults, children, and infants; and summarize options for pesticide removal from water systems. Approximately 113 pesticide residues were found in drinking water samples from 31 countries worldwide. There were 61, 31, and 21 insecticide, herbicide, and fungicide residues, respectively. Four residues were in toxicity class IA, 14 residues were in toxicity class IB, 55 residues were in toxicity class II, 17 residues were in toxicity class III, and 23 residues were in toxicity class IV. The calculated hazard indices (HIs) exceeded the value of one in many cases. The lowest HI value (0.0001) for children was found in Canada, and the highest HI value (30.97) was found in Egypt, suggesting a high potential health risk to adults, children, and infants. The application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) showed efficient removal of many pesticide classes. The combination of adsorption followed by biodegradation was shown to be an effective and efficient purification option. In conclusion, the consumption of water contaminated with pesticide residues may pose risks to human health in exposed populations.

Performance of electro-Fenton process coupling with microbial fuel cell for simultaneous removal of herbicide mesotrione.

The aim of this work was to investigate the performance of electro-Fenton process coupling with microbial fuel cell for removal of herbicide mesotrione. After a six months acclimation, the anodic biofilm exhibited stable degradation ability to herbicide mesotrione, and the bioelectricity generated by the anodic biofilm could be utilized to in-situ generate H2O2 in cathode. Under the optimized conditions, the mesotrione removal rates reached 0.83 mg L-1h-1 for anodic microbial degradation and 1.39 mg L-1h-1 for cathodic Fenton oxidation, respectively. The bacteria possessing functions of compounds degradation (e.g. Petrimonas, Desulfovibrio, and Mycobacterium) and electrons transfer (e.g. Petrimonas, Cloacibacillus, and Azospirillum) were selectively enriched in anodic biofilm. Therefore, with the advantages of pollutant removal by simultaneous microbial degradation and Fenton oxidation, the MFC-Fenton offer a promising and sustainable approach for wastewater treatment and refractory contaminants elimination.

Smart Synthesis of Trimethyl Ethoxysilane (TMS) Functionalized Core-Shell Magnetic Nanosorbents Fe3O4@SiO2: Process Optimization and Application for Extraction of Pesticides.

In the current study, a smart approach for synthesizing trimethyl ethoxysilane-decorated magnetic-core silica-nanoparticles (TMS-mcSNPs) and its effectiveness as nanosorbents have been exploited. While the magnetite core was synthesized using the modified Mössbauer method, Stöber method was employed to coat the magnetic particles. The objective of this work is to maximize the magnetic properties and to minimize both particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD). Using a full factorial design (2k-FFD), the influences of four factors on the coating process was assessed by optimizing the three responses (magnetic properties, PS, and PSD). These four factors were: (1) concentration of tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS); (2) concentration of ammonia; (3) dose of magnetite (Fe3O4); and (4) addition mode. Magnetic properties were calculated as the attraction weight. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine PS, and standard deviation (±SD) was calculated to determine the PSD. Composite desirability function (D) was used to consolidate the multiple responses into a single performance characteristic. Pareto chart of standardized effects together with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95.0 confidence interval (CI) were used to determine statistically significant variable(s). Trimethyl ethoxysilane-functionalized mcSNPs were further applied as nanosorbents for magnetic solid phase extraction (TMS-MSPE) of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides.

Activated carbon derived from waste tangerine seed for the high-performance adsorption of carbamate pesticides from water and plant.

This research presents the tangerine seed activated carbon (TSAC), obtained from food waste (tangerine seed) by one-step pyrolysis method and applied to remove carbamate pesticides (CMs) from complex solutions. The effects of carbonization temperature and time on adsorption performance were studied. Structural properties of TSAC were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption/desorption methods and compared with that of tangerine seed. The TSAC exhibited a specific surface area of 659.62 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.6203 cc/g and a pore diameter of 1.410 nm. The influences of initial pesticide concentration, adsorption temperature and contact time were investigated through batch experiments. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model were more suitable for CMs adsorption process onto TSAC. Furthermore, the thermodynamic research indicated that this adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic.

Interaction and multi-objective effects of multiple non-thermal treatments of sour cherry juice: pesticide removal, microbial inactivation, and quality preservation.

BACKGROUND: The consumption of pesticide-contaminated sour cherries as fruit or juice has become a major health concern, and so the search for alternative processing technologies, such as pulsed electric fields (PEF), ozone (O), and ultrasonication (US) has intensified. The objectives of this experimental study of sour cherry juice were fourfold: (1) to quantify the removal efficiency of new processing technologies (PEF, O, US), and their combinations, for the pesticides chlorpyrifos ethyl, τ-fluvalinate, cyprodinil, pyraclostrobin, and malathion; (2) to detect their impact on physical, bioactive, and sensory properties; (3) to determine their microbial inactivation levels for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas syringae subs. Syringae, and Penicillum expansum; and (4) to jointly optimize multiple responses of physical, quality, and sensory properties, pesticides, and microbial inactivation. RESULTS: Except for all the O treatments, the physical, bioactive and sensory properties of sour cherry juice were not adversely affected by the treatments. The joint optimization suggested PEF1 (24.7 kV cm-1 for 327 µs), PEF2 (24.7 kV cm-1 for 655 µs), PEF2 + O + US, US, and PEF2 + O as the five best treatments. PEF2 + O + US best achieved both pesticide removal and microbial inactivation. CONCLUSION: PEF2 + O + US provided promising reductions in pesticide and microbial loads. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.