Fatores clínicos do bem-estar de mulheres em parturição: perspectivas deontológicas e da bioética principialista / Clinical factors of women in labor well-being: deontological and bioethical principlism perspectives / Factores clínicos del bienestar de la mujer en trabajo de parto: perspectivas deontológicas y de la bioética principialista

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores clínicos associados ao bem-estar das mulheres durante o trabalho de parto e parto à luz da bioética principialista e da deontologia. Método: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 396 puérperas internadas em um hospital municipal do sudoeste da Bahia, e os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a maio de 2023, após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa. Os dados foram organizados no software Excel e analisados via SPSS v.25. a partir da regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a maior parte da amostra apresentou bem-estar com assistência em saúde, mulheres que tiveram parto realizado por profissionais não médicos apresentaram mais chances de níveis de bem-estar "adequado". E mulheres que não tiveram a via de parto cesárea apresentaram aumento de chances de bem-estar. Conclusão: é necessário que os profissionais reflitam sobre suas ações, condicionando-as à humanização no parto, em observância aos princípios bioéticos.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical factors associated with women's well-being during labor and delivery in the light of bioethics principlism and deontology. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. It involved 396 postpartum women admitted to a municipal hospital in the southwest of Bahia. Data were collected from January to May 2023, after approval from the research ethics committee. The data were tabulated using Excel software and analyzed using SPSS v.25 through Multinomial Logistic Regression. Results: majority of the sample exhibited well-being with health care assistance. Women who underwent delivery performed by non-medical professionals showed higher chances of "adequate" levels of well-being. Additionally, women who did not undergo cesarean delivery showed increased chances of well-being. Conclusion: It is necessary for professionals to reflect on their actions, conditioning them to the humanization of childbirth, according to bioethical principles.

Objetivo: evaluar los factores clínicos asociados al bienestar de la mujer durante el trabajo de parto y parto a la luz de la bioética y la deontología principialista. Método: estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Incluyó 396 puérperas ingresadas en un hospital municipal del suroeste de Bahía. Recolección de datos de enero a mayo de 2023, con aprobación del comité de ética en investigación. Los datos se tabularon en el software Excel y se analizaron mediante SPSS v.25. utilizando regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la mayoría de las participantes de la muestra presentó bienestar con la atención para la salud; las que tuvieron partos realizados por profesionales no médicos tenían más probabilidades de tener niveles "adecuados" de bienestar; las que no tuvieron parto por cesárea tenían mayores probabilidades de tener bienestar. Conclusión: es necesario que los profesionales reflexionen sobre sus acciones y las adecuen para humanizar el parto, respetando los principios bioéticos.

Empoderamento estrutural: potencializando as competências dos enfermeiros de um hospital de alta complexidade / Structural empowerment: enhancing the skills of nurses in a high-complexity hospital / Empoderamiento estructural: potenciar las competencias de los enfermeros en un hospital de alta complejidad

Objetivo: analisar o empoderamento estrutural de enfermeiros em um hospital de alta complexidade. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, analítico e transversal, realizado com 93 enfermeiros, utilizando um questionário sociodemográfico e ocupacional e o Questionário de Condições de Eficácia no Trabalho II. Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e março de 2023. A análise dos dados deu-se por meio de estatística descritiva, teste de Kolgomorov-Smirnov, teste do qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson. Resultados: os enfermeiros apresentaram nível moderado de empoderamento estrutural, com média de 20,67 (p<0,000). O componente mais pontuado foi a oportunidade (4,22 dp±0,80). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos níveis de empoderamento estrutural relacionadas às unidades de trabalho (p-Valor 0,381), vínculo empregatício (p-Valor 0,352) e grau de instrução (p-Valor 0,839). O modelo de regressão de Poisson indica que tanto pode haver altos ou baixos níveis de empoderamento a depender do setor. Conclusão: os enfermeiros demonstraram possuir níveis moderados de empoderamento estrutural.

Objective: to analyze the structural empowerment of nurses in a high-complexity hospital. Methods: a quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with 93 nurses, using a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Conditions of Effectiveness at Work II. The data was collected between February and March 2023. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test, the chi-square test, and Poisson regression. Results: the nurses had a moderate structural empowerment level, with a mean of 20.67 (p<0.000). The highest scoring component was opportunity (4.22 sd±0.80). No significant differences were found in the structural empowerment levels related to work units (p-Value 0.381), employment relationship (p-Value 0.352) and education level (p-Value 0.839). The Poisson regression model indicates that there can be either high or low empowerment levels depending on the sector. Conclusion: nurses showed moderate structural empowerment levels.

Objetivo: analizar el empoderamiento estructural del enfermero en un hospital de alta complejidad. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal, realizado con 93 enfermeros, utilizando un cuestionario sociodemográfico y ocupacional y el Cuestionario de Condiciones de Efectividad en el Trabajo II. Los datos se recolectaron entre febrero y marzo de 2023. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, prueba de Kolgomorov-Smirnov, prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión de Poisson. Resultados: los enfermeros presentaron un nivel moderado de empoderamiento estructural, la media fue de 20,67 (p<0,000). El componente con mayor puntaje fue oportunidad (4,22 DE±0,80). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de empoderamiento estructural relacionados con las unidades de trabajo (valor p 0,381), la relación laboral (valor p 0,352) y el nivel de formación (valor p 0,839). El modelo de regresión de Poisson indica que pueden existir niveles altos o bajos de empoderamiento dependiendo del sector. Conclusión: los enfermeros demostraron niveles moderados de empoderamiento estructural.

Veterinary and pet owner perspectives on addressing access to veterinary care and workforce challenges.

Objectives: (1) Assess and compare the perceptions of pet owners and veterinary professionals pertaining to the extent of veterinary workforce and access to care challenges in 2023 in Colorado, and (2) Assess what programs, policies, and resources veterinary professionals and pet owners believe would be most effective at addressing access to care and workforce challenges in Colorado. Sample: 736 veterinarians, veterinary technicians, or practice/owner manager ("veterinary professionals") in Colorado. A total of 1,209 pet owners (919 from an online survey and 290 from in-person surveying). Procedures: Distribution of an online anonymous survey to veterinary professionals in Colorado. Pet owners were surveyed both online and in-person at pet pantry or shelter events. Results: Veterinary professionals reported significant workforce challenges, including having to frequently divert clients, clients forced to decline medical care or having to euthanize their pets due to cost. Veterinary professionals were especially supportive of policy efforts to enhance recruitment and retention of technicians, including through mechanisms such as clarifying their scope of practice, loan repayment programs, and enhancing career pathways. Colorado pet owners' responses pertaining to the scope of access to care challenges were similar to prior national research. Pet owners reported particularly needing low-cost emergency clinics in their community as well as resources to reduce the cost of care. Pet owners were generally supportive of expanding veterinary care access through telemedicine; indicating they would feel comfortable seeing a veterinarian via telemedicine, even for the first time, and that expanded use of telemedicine would increase their ability to obtain care. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Colorado pet owners and veterinary professionals both identified numerous access to care challenges as well as indicated support for the development of several potential initiatives to address the problem. Low-cost clinics that provide sick and emergency care was the resource rated as being most helpful among pet owners. Further exploration of grants, voucher programs, expansion of telemedicine, increased utilization and title protection for CVTs, and the creation of the veterinary professional associate position are all initiatives that were noted to be worthy of further exploration.

An observational cross-sectional study of pharmaceutical waste disposal practices in Australian medical imaging departments: A comparison of community versus hospital practice.

INTRODUCTION: Pharmaceuticals are used widely in radiography practice but pose an environmental risk. This study explored Australian radiographers' environmental attitude, pharmaceutical waste disposal practices, and knowledge and concern regarding the environmental impact of these pharmaceuticals. METHODS: This study utilised an anonymous, online questionnaire developed from two validated questionnaires. Participants (n = 150) held current registration with the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia and were working eight or more hours per week in a medical imaging practice (public or private). RESULTS: Participants did not answer all questions, hence percentages reported reflect the number of counts for each question. Most participants (71.4%; 105/147) disposed of contaminated pharmaceutical waste in clinical waste bins with 17.1% (15/146) disposing of it down drains. More hospital radiographers 13.54% (13/96) reported this disposal compared with 2.08% (1/48) of community-based radiographers (Fisher's Exact Test, p = 0.035). There was no difference in disposal of non-contaminated waste between practice settings - general waste bin (68.5%; 100/150), recycling bin (28.8%; 42/146), and clinical waste bin (41.8%; 61/146). Participants lacked knowledge of impacts on the food chain and the health of humans and wildlife. Only 34.7% (48/138) of participants expressed concern regarding the impacts of human excreted pharmaceuticals on the environment compared with 65.8% (98/149) regarding impacts from incorrect disposal. Many (18.4%; 25/136) reported having received no information on correct disposal of pharmaceutical waste. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted participants' lack of knowledge on how pharmaceuticals enter the natural environment and the subsequent impacts on the environment and on the health of humans, and flora and fauna. They lacked knowledge of correct pharmaceutical waste disposal methods, but most agreed it was their professional responsibility to dispose of waste correctly. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Improving radiographers' pharmaceutical waste disposal practices through education and professional support will reduce environmental impacts and also provide financial co-benefits if non-contaminated waste is recycled where possible and not incinerated.

Coaching in a Radiology department.

Coaching is an effective tool that seeks personal reflection as a way for people to find their own solutions. In this article we show our results when applying it in our Radiology Service. The article includes a bibliographic review on its potential applications in Medicine and in Radiology. We specifically reviewed the fields of improving self-care and preventing burnout as well as the teaching field, both for residents in training and for certified radiologists.

Assessing healthcare professionals' perceptions of pain concepts and beliefs.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals deliver pain education, yet their perception of pain experiences is not well understood, which can affect their interactions with patients in pain. OBJECTIVE: This study explored Korean healthcare professionals' perceptions of the usefulness of assessing pain concepts and beliefs and the importance of domains identified in the pain literature. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study employed an online survey administered to nurses, physical therapists, and physicians, including the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, and related optional open-ended questions. RESULTS: Most participants acknowledged the importance and usefulness of assessing understanding of pain concepts but anticipated patients' difficulty comprehending items assessing biological mechanisms underlying pain. Participants questioned the items' accuracy, indicating their limited pain knowledge and the necessity of reducing literacy demands. The critical domains of pain education were learning about pain, external factors influencing pain, and pain as a form of protection. CONCLUSION: Participants had suboptimal pain knowledge but emphasized decreasing literacy demands of pain neurophysiology items. Additionally, it is necessary to develop and implement a pain education program to improve pain-related knowledge and provide educational content for healthcare professionals encountering patients in pain.

The relationship professional commitment and ethics with patient rights: a cross-sectional descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Ethical behavior of health workers is an important part of health services. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between ethics and professional commitment and its relationship with the level of respect for patient rights in medical students. MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with the participation of nursing, midwifery and emergency medicine students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done by stratified random method. The data was collected using Demographic, Professional Commitment, Professional ethics and a researcher made questioner on compliance with patient rights questionnaires. RESULTS: 300 students were participated. The results showed that the average score of professional ethics in middle school students is high (64.07 ± 8.01), the average score of professional commitment is also high (64.07 ± 8.01) and the score of respect for patient rights is also high (10.74). ± 83.46) was obtained. The professional ethics score it showed a positive and statistically significant relationship with the patient's rights compliance score. only professional commitment is related to gender, but the average of all three variables in different age groups and the type of residence (dormitory, private home, etc.) have meaningful statistical difference. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study show that the level of ethics and professional commitment and respect for patient rights among nursing, midwifery and emergency medicine students was good. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a basis for better planning for the development of knowledge and respect for patient rights among students.

Multi-faceted strategy that improves students' achievement of Entrustable Professional Activities across Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences.

OBJECTIVE: To outline an approach to help students achieve Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) entrustment during a sequence of Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) by implementing longitudinal monitoring and individualized intervention and remediation strategies. METHODS: Using the recommended EPAs within the core APPEs (Acute Care, Ambulatory Care, Community, Institutional), students were expected to achieve entrustment on all EPAs by graduation. A longitudinal monitoring approach, using an "EPA report card," was implemented to continuously identify students at risk of not meeting the EPA requirement of "Level 3" entrustment (perform with reactive supervision). Individualized interventions, including Proactive Outreach and In-Sequence Remediation were incorporated into the APPE core and elective sequence to help ensure all students were entrusted by end of APPEs without requiring further end of year remediation to graduate. RESULTS: For the graduating classes of 2023 and 2024, 12% (8/69) and 16% (12/75) students respectively were identified as at risk of not meeting EPA entrustment. Proactive Outreach, In-Sequence Remediation, or a combination of both strategies, were utilized to enhance learning and EPA performance. As a result, all students achieved "Level 3" entrustment on the deficient EPA(s) by the end of the APPE sequence. No student required further end of year remediation to graduate. CONCLUSION: Utilizing a multi-faceted strategy provided timely, real world practice opportunities to improve students' achievement of EPAs across the APPE curriculum and decreased the need for end of year remediation and potential graduation delays.

Healthcare professionals' experiences of required competencies in mentoring of interprofessional students in clinical practice: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

AIM: To synthesize evidence on healthcare professionals' experiences of competencies in mentoring undergraduate healthcare, social care and medical students during their interprofessional clinical practice. DESIGN: This review was conducted by the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. METHODS: Studies were included if they were based on the phenomenon of interest and used qualitative or mixed methods (qualitative share). The included studies were critically appraised using the standardized JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Qualitative research findings were extracted and synthesized using the meta-aggregation approach. DATA SOURCES: Five databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Medic and ProQuest) were systematically searched from each database's inception on 28 June 2023. RESULTS: A total of 5164 studies were initially screened, and 25 were identified for inclusion in this review. Three synthesized findings were identified: competencies related to (1) preparing for and developing interprofessional clinical practice, (2) supporting the learning process in interprofessional clinical practice and (3) creating an interprofessional mentor identity. CONCLUSION: Although competent mentors are essential to implementing and developing interprofessional clinical practice, some mentors find interprofessional mentoring challenging. High-quality interprofessional mentoring requires specific competence that differs from profession-specific and individual mentoring. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: To ensure that interprofessional clinical practice is of high quality and strengthens students' professional and interprofessional growth, special attention should be given to mentors' interprofessional mentoring competence, and a range of opportunities and organizational structures should be provided for competence development. IMPACT: This systematic review provides insights into the specific competencies required for interprofessional mentoring. These findings can support healthcare professionals, educators and policymakers in developing interprofessional clinical practice and mentoring competence. REPORTING METHOD: This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement and ENTREQ reporting guidelines. No patient or public contribution.

Exploring health inequalities in Gypsy and Traveller communities in the UK.

Health inequalities between groups of people are often unjust and avoidable and are influenced by social determinants of health, the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. Gypsy and Traveller communities experience significant health inequalities, including barriers to accessing healthcare services and suboptimal health outcomes compared with the general population. This article provides an overview of health inequalities in relation to Gypsy and Traveller communities and examines three social determinants of health - discrimination and racism, accommodation and access to healthcare - that influence these inequalities. The authors propose that accurate data collection as well as delivery of culturally competent health services and care may facilitate access to healthcare for Gypsy and Traveller communities and potentially reduce health inequalities.

Understanding and supporting young people exposed to online misinformation about eczema.

The traditional patient-clinician relationship is changing as young people and their families often now turn to the internet and social media for health information, treatment advice and support. Much of that content, however, is unregulated, unverified and inaccurate, which leads to the dissemination of health misinformation. Healthcare professionals working with young people with eczema and their families need to understand why young people turn to social media for health information, identify trends in online misinformation about eczema, and provide alternative, trustworthy sources of information. This article discusses particular areas of online misinformation about eczema as well as dermatology content on specific social media platforms. It also reports the views of young people on the youth panel of the charity Eczema Outreach Support about different social media platforms.

Social justice in Canadian nursing professional documents: A Foucauldian discourse analysis.

Social justice is widely advanced as a central nursing value, and yet conceptual understandings of social justice remain inconsistent and vague. Further, despite persistently articulated commitments to upholding social justice, the profession of nursing has been implicated in perpetuating inequities in health and health care. In this context, it is essential to establish both conceptual clarity and tangible guidance for nurses in enacting practices to advance social justice-particularly through regulatory, education and accreditation documents that shape the nursing profession. This Foucauldian discourse analysis examines how social justice is discursively positioned within nursing professional documents in Canada, and illustrates that social justice was largely discursively excluded from these texts. Where social justice discourses were invoked, we identified that four central discursive patterns obscured and de-centred this nursing value: (i) Vague language undermined professional commitments to social justice; (ii) Constructions of knowledge and awareness de-emphasized practice; (iii) Individualism discourses minimized institutional/professional responsibility; and (iv) Aspirational language obscured present action. Extending from this analysis, we contend that the nursing profession must re-examine how social justice is understood and articulated, and call for a re-conceptualization of social justice grounded in nursing practice toward remediating inequities in health and health care.

Investigation on physical restraint use in hospital: health responsibility, ethical and medical legal considerations.

Background: The issue of restraint has long been considered a difficult political and social situation, affecting both healthcare wor-kers and facilities. The practice of restraint is still widespread in many public and private care settings, but there is a lack of systemic studies capable of monitoring the phenomenon. The framing of the question essentially concerns the right to personal freedom, guaranteed by the Italian Constitution. Materials and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was developed containing questions on knowledge of the regulations on restraints, how, ways, and when they are implemented, and general information such as age, gender, educational qualification, qualification, O.Us. to which they belong. The collected data were statistically processed (Chi-square test) with the Epi Info 7.1.5 program (CDC-Atlanta- USA). A total of 1002 questionnaires were completed. The stratification of the sample by structure shows that 73.9% were public facilities. The indicative figure is represented by the 23.8% of respondents who say that "the restraint is not noted in the medical record". Conclusions: Restraint could be a real risk for the healthcare worker, encroaching on the issue of health liability. It is therefore important to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and top management of the need to structure, at company level, procedures that comply with the "Recommendations on physical restraint" to overcome the use of restraint through the improvement of care pathways in compliance with organizational and risk management standards.

Development of a Video Consultation Patient-Satisfaction Questionnaire (vCare-PSQ): A Cross-Sectional Explorative Study.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of video consultation (VC) in primary care has expanded considerably in many countries. VC and other telehealth formats are often touted as a solution to improved health care access, with numerous studies showing high satisfaction with this care format among health professionals and patients. However, operationalization and measurement of patient satisfaction with VC varies across studies and often lacks consideration of dynamic contextual factors (eg, convenience, ease-of-use, or privacy) and doctor-patient relational variables that may influence patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: We aim to develop a comprehensive and evidence-based questionnaire for assessing patient satisfaction with VC in general practice. METHODS: The vCare Patient-Satisfaction Questionnaire (the vCare-PSQ) was developed according to the COSMIN (Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) guidelines. To achieve our overall objective, we pursued three aims: (1) a validation analysis of an existing patient-satisfaction scale (the PS-14), (2) an assessment of extrinsic contextual factors that may impact patient satisfaction, and (3) an assessment of pertinent intrinsic and relational satisfaction correlates (eg, health anxiety, information technology literacy, trust in the general practitioner, or convenience). For validation purposes, the questionnaire was filled out by a convenience sample of 188 Danish adults who had attended at least 1 VC. RESULTS: Our validation analysis of the PS-14 in a Danish population produced reliable results, indicating that the PS-14 is an appropriate measure of patient satisfaction with VC in Danish patient populations. Regressing situational and doctor-patient relational factors onto patient satisfaction further suggested that patient satisfaction is contingent on several factors not measured by the PS-14. These include information technology literacy and patient trust in the general practitioner, as well as several contextual pros and cons. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementing the PS-14 with dynamic measures of situational and doctor-patient relational factors may provide a more comprehensive understanding of patient satisfaction with VC. The vCare-PSQ may thus contribute to an enhanced methodological approach to assessing patient satisfaction with VC. We hope that the vCare-PSQ format may be useful for future research and implementation efforts regarding VC in a general practice setting.

The inner struggle of nurses, exploring moral distress among hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: As frontline caregivers, nurses often find themselves at the crossroads of complex ethical decisions that can significantly impact patient outcomes and their own well-being. Identifying the areas of experienced moral dilemmas in the workplace and gaining insight into the prevalence of moral distress can lead to a healthier workplace environment. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the frequency, intensity and level of moral distress among nurses who work in a hospital, and to identify the variables associated with the level of moral distress. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: One university hospital and six general hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 654 of the 1095 nurses working on inpatient units filled out the questionnaire (response rate 60 %). METHODS: The intensity and frequency of moral distress was assessed using the Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R). We also asked two additional questions about considering leaving their job, and if they could describe a distressing case and how moral distress was discussed. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables associated with the level of moral distress. RESULTS: The overall mean MDS-R score of the 654 included nurses was low at 36.4 (SD 26). Nurses reported to have frequent dilemmas regarding organizational aspects and aspects of end-of-life care. The multivariable analyses showed that higher levels of moral distress were experienced by registered nurses, nurses working on a medical ward, and nurses who had ever left or considered leaving their job, or considering leaving their job at the moment. CONCLUSIONS: Although nurses in our study experiences low levels of moral distress, they do experience moral dilemmas related to organizational topics and end of life care. We all need to pay attention to these dilemmas and how to discuss them in order to achieve a resilient nursing profession at a time of major nursing shortages. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Caring for increasingly complex patients in a dynamic healthcare system is likely to continue to produce morally challenging scenarios.

Value of a quality label and European healthcare professionals' willingness to recommend health apps: An experimental vignette study.

This study aimed to evaluate healthcare professionals' (HCPs') willingness to recommend health apps presented with versus without the CEN-ISO/TS 82304-2 health app quality label. The study was an experimental vignette study describing 12 short hypothetical scenarios, with Label (absent vs present) as a between and Type of App (prevention vs self-monitoring vs healthcare) and Patient Socioeconomic Status (low vs high) as within-subjects factors. The main outcome measure was HCPs' willingness to recommend apps. A total of 116 HCPs took part in the study. A significant main effect of the label was found. Further, HCPs were most willing to recommend self-management apps and more willing to recommend apps to high as opposed to low SES patients. However, the effect of the label did not differ between apps or according to patients' SES. Results confirm that the quality label has potential for increasing willingness to changing HCPs' recommendation behavior.

Evolution of continuing medical education in radiology: on-site vs remote.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the evolution of continuing medical education/continuous professional development (CME/CPD) in European Radiology with a particular focus on on-site (live educational events, LEE) vs remote (electronic learning materials, ELM) participation and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Results related to CME/CPD of surveys conducted by the Accreditation Council of Imaging (ACI) between 2017 and 2020 are summarized. Additional insights from the survey conducted in spring 2023, exploring online education trends since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, are presented. Finally, the results of the surveys are correlated with the total number of CME/CPD applications received annually from 2018 to 2022. RESULTS: Pre-pandemic, 90% of European radiologists supported mandatory CME and unified CME/CPD-system. A trend among younger radiologists towards ELM was observed. Only 20% of employers fully endorsed CME/CPD. In 2020, LEE attendance dropped significantly (95.5-33%), with a simultaneous surge (33-58%) in time spent on ELM. Post-pandemic, the majority (52%) of LEE attendees participated in 1-5 events, whereas the majority (38%) of attendees of live-streamed events participated in 6-20 meetings. Content remains a priority of respondents in all formats: 79% for online, 75% for on-site, and 74% for on-demand. While the assessed quality of LEE remained at the same level (no change (36%) or good/very good (48%)), a considerably higher percentage of respondents noticed the quality of live-streamed events was good/very good (83%). CONCLUSION: The majority of European radiologists support mandatory CME and a unified CME/CPD system. Despite the post-pandemic resurgence in LEE, ELM and hybrid events are predicted to gain further prominence. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The CME/CPD system dynamically adapts to evolving professional, technical, and environmental circumstances, with human interaction gaining heightened significance post-COVID-19. KEY POINTS: Professionals expressed a desire to return to on-site participation, highlighting its desirability for social interaction. Electronic learning materials are poised for continued growth, particularly among younger generations. Professionals expressed a desire towards a unified CME/CPD system in Europe.

Witness to Harm; Holding to Account: What Is the Importance of Information for Members of the Public Who Give Evidence and May Be Witness in a Regulatory Hearing of a Health or Care Professional?

BACKGROUND: Health and social care regulators are organisations that seek to maintain public trust in professionals and protect the public from harmful practitioners. For example, they ensure that practitioners have the correct qualifications to practice and investigate any concerns raised about them. Serious concerns can result in a fitness to practise (FtP) hearing where a member of the public may be required to give evidence as a witness. Being a witness and being cross-examined is known to often be traumatic, particularly for members of the public in criminal trials. There is some research evidence that registered professionals who are the subject of the proceedings may suffer mental ill health as result of the experience. But there is scant research that specifically explores the experiences of members of the public giving evidence in a FtP hearing. The regulator web pages are an important source of information for public witnesses to prepare themselves for a FtP hearing. AIM: This study aimed to examine the publicly available information for public witnesses from the 13 health and social care regulators in the United Kingdom to evaluate the content, amount, type and format of information available and make recommendations about how regulators can improve these. METHODS: Regulator websites were searched during November 2021-February 2022 for information for the public on what happens after raising a concern with a regulator. Resources were downloaded and qualitative content analysis conducted. Our findings were validated by interviews (n = 7) with the public including people with experience of FtP and a focus group of the public (n = 5). RESULTS: One hundred and forty-six resources (97 webpages and 25 public facing documents, 20 videos and 4 easy read documents) were found. Topics included screening and investigation, preparing for a hearing, during a hearing and after a hearing, and support for witnesses. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We conclude that there are many deficiencies in the information content and its presentation for the public and some exemplars, such as the use of flowcharts and short videos to explain the FtP processes. Recommendations for practice take the form of a framework with three themes, (i) co-production, (ii) preferred content and (iii) format. It may be used by regulators to enhance their support for members of the public as witnesses in FtP hearings. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Our advisory group of people with lived experience of involvement as members of the public in FtP discussed the findings and contributed to the recommendations.

Evaluation of an Educational Scholarship Fellowship Program for Health Professions Educators.

Introduction: Historically, the requirement to produce scholarship for advancement has challenged health professions educators heavily engaged in teaching. As biomedical scientists or healthcare practitioners, few are trained in educational scholarship, and related faculty development varies in scope and quality across institutions. Currently, there is a need for faculty development and mentoring programs to support the development of these skills. Methods: The International Association of Medical Science Educators (IAMSE) established the Medical Educator Fellowship (MEF) Program to foster health professions educational scholarship. MEF addresses the following: curriculum design, teaching methods and strategies, assessment, educational scholarship, and leadership. Participants receive mentorship and faculty development, and complete an educational scholarship project. Using a logic model, we conducted a retrospective program evaluation with data from Program records, database searches, graduate surveys, and focus groups. Results: Over 14 years, MEF graduated 61 participants with diverse terminal degrees from five continents and six academic program areas. Graduate survey responses indicated enhanced post-Program skills in all focus areas, that the majority would recommend MEF to a colleague, and that mentorship, networking, and professional development were strengths. Focus group outcomes indicated professional growth, increased confidence, and increased sense of community. Conclusion: MEF addresses health professions educators' need for faculty development and mentorship in educational scholarship. Evaluation outcomes suggest that MEF effectively enhanced perceived skills across focus areas. Similar programs are essential to support faculty who dedicate significant time to teaching. Organizations like IAMSE can demonstrate the value of educational scholarship and positively impact health professions educator careers by supporting such programs.

The Process of Professional Ethics Development in Midwifery Students: A Grounded Theory Study.

Background: Midwives are faced with important ethical issues in their professional lives; therefore, becoming a midwife is not only the acquisition of knowledge and skills but also includes acquiring moral values that cause fundamental changes in their attitudes toward their professional responsibilities. The aim of this study was to explore the process of professional ethics development in midwifery students. Materials and Methods: This grounded theory study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The participants included 17 midwifery students and 14 key informants. They were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews, field notes, and theoretical notes until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data collection and data analysis were performed simultaneously. Data were analyzed based on the grounded theory presented by Corbin and Strauss (2014) using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020. Results: The core category was "interactive-cognitive learning in a two-way reasoning path" which addressed the participants' main issue of moral numbness. Moral distress, interactive-cognitive learning, moral reasoning, and moral hopelessness were the midwifery students' strategies that led to a spectrum of moral internalization to moral burnout. The improper context of moral development was the context theme of this study. Conclusions: The theory of "interactive-cognitive learning in the two-way path of reasoning" creates a deep understanding of the process of formation of professional ethics in midwifery students and it can be used in the effective training of students with the aim of promoting professional ethics in midwifery.