[Population health intervention research, health technology assessment, health services research and intervention implementation research: Convergences and singularities]. / Recherche interventionnelle en santé des populations, évaluation des technologies de santé, recherche sur les services de santé et recherche sur la mise en œuvre des interventions : convergences et particularités.

In public health, intervention is an object of research and evaluation which, over time, has given rise to numerous approaches. The first part of the article proposes to reposition intervention research in population health and intervention evaluation on a continuum. Although the former has a more cognitive objective and the latter a more pragmatic objective, they are not mutually exclusive. The distinction between these two practices is based on the predominance of the following characteristics: the objectives pursued, the scope of the investigations, the regulatory constraints, the financing obtained, the ethical approaches taken, and the deliverables established. The second part of the article offers a glance different fields and approaches within the continuum between these two poles: Health Technology Assessment, Health Services Research and Implementation Research. While all of them have the study of health interventions at their core, but each has developed through specialisation in one or the other type of intervention, in a particular scope or context, in certain evaluation questions, or in specific approaches. all as gateways to the study of public health intervention, these different approaches are by no means mutually exclusive.

Modified Delphi Process to Identify Research Priorities and Measures for Adult Lifestyle Programs to Address Type 2 Diabetes and Other Cardiometabolic Risk Conditions.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical and community guidelines recommend lifestyle (i.e. diet and physical activity) interventions for cardiometabolic conditions (including type 2 diabetes), yet current evidence suggests limited and variable services in primary care and public health settings. New implementation research studies are needed to ensure maximal effectiveness, equity and efficiency across all population subgroups and within the context of health systems. Such work will benefit from use of similar core measures and outcome indicators across studies. This Delphi process was undertaken by a new interdisciplinary volunteer researcher network to identify research priorities and core measures for such studies. METHODS: Interested network members completed 2 rounds of a modified Delphi process delivered through online questionnaire and teleconferences. Consensus was defined as the median and interquartile range within the top third of a 9-point scale. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 53 (47%) members and 18 (34%) participants completed the round 1 and round 2 surveys, respectively. Of 22 possible research priorities, 4 were rated high priority with consensus, including evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions in place, improving existing interventions for sustainability and clinical and public health research to advance existing knowledge to develop new capacities. Only 15 of the 93 measures and indicators proposed achieved similar consensus. CONCLUSIONS: This first effort confirms broad agreement on research priorities and limited agreement on core indicators/measures. The results provide a starting point for further development of common measures for implementation research in lifestyle studies addressing cardiometabolic conditions.

Gaps in Nutrition Policy Implementation in Childcare Centres in The Edmonton Metropolitan Region: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: To describe (i) nutrition policies in childcare centres, (ii) the resources and processes used to enable policy implementation, and (iii) the association between policy implementation and childcare centres' or administrators' characteristics.Methods: Between October 2018 and June 2019 a web-based survey that addressed nutrition policy, policy implementation, and sociodemographic characteristics was sent to eligible childcare programs (centre-based and provided meals) in the Edmonton (Alberta) metropolitan region. The survey was pretested and pilot tested. Statistical tests examined the relationship between policy implementation with centres' and administrators' characteristics.Results: Of 312 childcare centres that received the survey invitation, 43 completed it. The majority of centres had a nutrition policy in place (94%). On average, centres had about 9 of the 17 implementation resources and processes assessed. Most often administrators reported actively encouraging the implementation of the nutrition policy (n = 35; 87%) and least often writing evaluation reports of the implementation of the nutrition policy (n = 9; 22%). Administrator's education level was associated with implementation total score (p = 0.009; Kruskal-Wallis).Conclusion: Most childcare centres had a nutrition policy in place, but many lacked resources and processes to enable policy implementation. Additional support is required to improve nutrition policy development and implementation.