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Models to predict perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations in livestock based on soil concentrations are essential to guide decisions surrounding food testing and farm management. A key parameter in modeling soil-to-livestock exposure pathways is the plant transfer factor (TF) from soil into forages. Uptake of PFOS and other individual per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were examined in perennial mixed grasses and legumes on PFAS-contaminated farm fields. In a field plot study, PFOS TFs were similar within each plot over three consecutive years but varied 10-fold among the four plots with mean TFs ranging from 0.026 to 0.27. In a multifarm field survey study, mean PFOS TFs ranged from 0.039 to 0.37. Increasing concentrations of two PFOS precursors in soil were significantly associated with increasing PFOS TFs. These data represent a substantial increase in empirical observations of PFAS TFs for grass-based forages for use in modeling soil-to-livestock exposure scenarios.
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Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos , Ração Animal , Fluorocarbonos , Poluentes do Solo , Fluorocarbonos/metabolismo , Fluorocarbonos/química , Fluorocarbonos/análise , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/química , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/análise , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/química , Animais , Ração Animal/análise , Poaceae/metabolismo , Poaceae/química , Fazendas , Solo/química , Fabaceae/química , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Gado/metabolismo , Contaminação de Alimentos/análiseRESUMO
Transfer factors (TFs) are among the necessary parameter values for the mathematical modeling of radiological pollution's environmental impact. In this study, 238U, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations and TFs were estimated in 48 soil and plant samples through gamma-ray spectrometry NaI(Tl) in six selected areas of local governments in Kwara State, Nigeria. The findings revealed that the soil and plant samples' 238U and 232Th activity concentrations were within the radiological safety limits. The TFs of soil to plant fell within the worldwide ranges. A set of statistical tests were applied to verify the validity of the data, such as descriptive analysis, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, frequency distribution, and Spearman's correlation. The study reveals a skewed distribution in data. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis indicates a moderately negative correlation between 238U, 232Th, and 40K's activity concentrations and their respective TFs (TFU, TFTh, and TFK). In terms of future research in the study area, it is hoped that the data from this study will contribute to improved scientific knowledge.
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This study investigates the uptake of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) from soil by rice plants in extensively cultivated regions in Bangladesh. It also evaluates the potential radiation risks associated with rice consumption by the Bangladeshi populace. High purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry was employed to measure the concentrations of radionuclides in both soil and rice samples. For 40K, our results agree with the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) published value; however, the transfer factors (TF) for the other two radionuclides differ considerably. Despite the fact that the IAEA based its publication of TFs for 226Ra and 232Th on clay soil, the majority of the soil profile in the present study was silty clay with a little alkalinity. Moreover, the data obtained may have been impacted by the growing seasons, cultivation methods, and soil fertility. Additionally, the annual effective dose due to the ingestion of radioactivity resulting from rice consumption was evaluated and the results agree with UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 2000. With a few exceptions, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were below the globally average permissible level (1 × 10-3). In light of this, the current study indicates that consuming rice does not pose an immediate health risk to the general public. By studying TFs among various rice varieties and geographical areas, scientists can develop models to forecast the possible radiation exposure from rice consumption and pinpoint activities or areas that require additional attention.
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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid by-product of the phosphate industry, rich in contaminants and produced in large quantities. Raw materials and stabilized specimens, consisting of bentonite-lime-PG mixtures, were characterized by mineralogical, microstructural, chemical, alpha-particle, and gamma-ray spectrometry analysis before hydration and after hardening. Compressive strength and leaching tests were performed on hardened specimens. The physicochemical parameters and chemical composition of leachates from raw materials and hardened specimens were determined. PG contains high concentrations of natural radionuclides, specially from U series. Uranium-238 activities are double in PG than the worldwide average for soil values. The mobility of PTEs from PG is Cd (2.43%), Zn (2.36%), Ni (2.07%), Cu (1.04%), Pb (0.25%), and As (0.21%). Cadmium is the cation most easily released by PG in water with a concentration 0.0316 mg kg-1. When PG is added to bentonite-lime mixture, cadmium is no longer released. The radionuclide 238,234U and 210Po predominates in the leachates of PG. However, the activity of 210Po becomes negligible in the leachates of bentonite-lime-PG mixtures. The addition of PG to bentonite-lime mixtures facilitates the trapping of trace elements (PTEs) and radionuclides, providing potential applications for PG as road embankments and fill coatings.
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Bentonita , Sulfato de Cálcio , Solo , Oligoelementos , Bentonita/química , Sulfato de Cálcio/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes do Solo/química , Radioisótopos/análise , Fósforo/análise , Fósforo/química , Urânio/análiseRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the transfer factor (TF) of heavy metals (HMs) from soil to commonly consumed vegetables irrigated with different water sources. The field study covered 36 m2 of agricultural land in Kermanshah province, Iran, divided into nine equal-sized plots. Coriander, basil, and radish were the three types of vegetables cultivated and subjected to irrigation over two months, utilizing three different water sources: treated wastewater effluent (TWE), river water (RW), and well water + nitrogen fertilizer (WWF). After the irrigation and harvesting stages, soil samples from the cultivation area and harvested vegetables were collected. These samples underwent analysis using the ICP-OES method to assess HM levels and subsequent calculation of the TF of HMs from soil to plants. The results revealed that the TF levels indicated plants' relatively weak response (TF < 1) to the absorption of HMs. For non-toxic elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni), TF values were generally higher than those for toxic elements (Cd, As, Pb) across all three vegetable types and irrigation treatments. The study's findings suggest that the TF of HMs in the studied vegetables varied based on the irrigation source and vegetable type. Various factors, including the type of irrigation source and vegetable, influenced the TF of HMs, each having different impacts on the transfer rate of each HM. The study highlights the importance of monitoring irrigation water and soil quality to prevent the accumulation of HMs in cultivated vegetables, thereby mitigating potential risks to human health.
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Nanotechnology has been increasingly used in plant sciences, with engineered nanoparticles showing promising results as fertilizers or pesticides. The present study compared the effects in the foliar application of Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) or sodium selenite-Se(IV) on rice seedlings. The degree of plant growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and concentrations of Se, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were evaluated. The results showed that the application of SeNPs at high concentrations (5 mg L-1), as well as the application of Se(IV), inhibited plant growth and increased the root concentrations of As and Pb. The application of SeNPs at 0.5 mg L-1 significantly increased Se accumulation in the aerial part from 0.161 ± 0.028 mg kg-1 to 0.836 ± 0.097 mg kg-1 without influencing physiological, chemical, or biochemical parameters. When applied to leaves, SeNPs tended to remain in the aerial part, while the application of Se(IV) caused a higher Se translocation from the shoots to the roots. This study provides useful information concerning the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of different Se formulations in rice seedlings and their effect on plant ionomic profiles, thus showing that the foliar application of SeNPs at low concentrations can be an effective and safe alternative for rice biofortification.
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Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk) in Hanoi, Vietnam have been investigated using a low background gamma spectrometer with an HPGe detector (Model-GC5019). Twenty pairs of soil and water spinach samples in two environmental conditions, i.e., flooded and unflooded, were collected for measuring the activity concentrations and determining the soil-to-plant transfer factors (TFs) of natural radionuclides. For water spinach, stems and leaves were collected as the main parts for human consumption and livestock food. The TF of 40K is within the range of 0.32-2.49, which is greater than that of 228Ra (0.01-0.17) and 226Ra (0.01-0.13). The geometric means (geometric standard deviations) of the TFs are 1.17(1.89), 0.05(2.41) and 0.04(1.88) for flooded sites, and 0.89(1.73), 0.03(2.12) and 0.03(1.82) for unflooded sites, respectively. Comparing between the flooded and unflooded sites, the TFs are all greater at the flooded sites.
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Ipomoea , Monitoramento de Radiação , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo , Vietnã , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Ipomoea/química , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Inundações , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Background: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a stimulant plant grown in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Heavy metal pollution has been a global concern due to its acute and chronic health effects and the major route of exposure is the consumption of contaminated foods. In this study, the determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in khat and its support soil samples was carried out. Materials and Methods: Khat and its support soil were analyzed for the levels of 7 toxic heavy metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Samples were randomly collected from 3 districts of khat farming kebeles and digested using mixture of strong acids. Results: The concentrations (mg/kg) of analytes in soil and khat samples were: Cu (6.78-35.80); Zn (24.30-199.02); Mn (7.59-1855.40); Ni (6.37-64.80); Cr (0.82-169.20); Cd (14.2-38.8), and Pb (ND). Among the analyzed heavy metals in soil, Mn was with the highest concentration, followed by Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd while that of Zn was the maximum followed by Cu, Mn, and Cr in khat. The levels of Zn, Cr, and Cd in soil samples from all study sites and detected concentrations of Cr in khat samples exceeded the recommended FAO/WHO levels. Conclusion: The hazard index (HI) of metals in khat from study areas was less than 1 indicating a less likelihood of non-carcinogenic toxicological health effects. However, the presence of these toxic chemicals in soil and khat indicates product contamination and needs extensive further investigation involving other heavy metals.
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Rice, a primary food source in many countries of the world accumulate potentially harmful elements which pose a significant health hazard to consumers. The current study aimed to evaluate potentially toxic and mineral elements in both paddy soils and rice grains associated with allied health risks in Malakand, Pakistan. Rice plants with intact root soil were randomly collected from paddy fields and analyzed for mineral and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPâOES). Through deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment models, the daily intake of PTEs with allied health risks from consumption of rice were estimated for children and adults. The results of soil pH (< 8.5) and electrical conductivity (EC > 400 µs/cm), indicated slightly saline nature. The mean phosphorus concentration of 291.50 (mg/kg) in soil samples exceeded FAO/WHO permissible limits. The normalized variation matrix of soil pH with respect to Ni (0.05), Ca (0.05), EC (0.08), and Mg (0.09), indicated significant influence of pH on PTEs mobility. In rice grains, the mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Mg (463.81), Al (70.40), As (1.23), Cr (12.53), Cu (36.07), Fe (144.32), Mn (13.89), and Ni (1.60) exceeded FAO/WHO safety limits. The transfer factor >1 for K, Cu, P and Zn indicated bioavailability and transfer of these elements from soil to rice grains. Monte Carlo simulations of hazard index >1 for Cr, Zn, As, and Cu with certainties of 89.93% and 90.17%, indicated significant noncarcinogenic risks for children and adults from rice consumption. The total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for adults and children exceeded the USEPA acceptable limits of 1×10-6 to 1×10-4, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ingestion rate was a key risk factor. Arsenic (As) primarily influenced total cancer risk (TCR) in children, while chromium (Cr) significantly impacted adults. Deterministic cancer risk values slightly exceeded probabilistic values due to inherent uncertainties in deterministic analysis. Rice consumption poses health risks, mainly from exposure to Cr, Ni and As in the investigated area.
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Transfer factors of some naturally-occurring and artificial radionuclides from an agricultural soil to rhizobacteria-treated Sesbania grandiflora, a small leguminous tree, were studied. Two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (SCR17 and PCE2) were used to carry out an agricultural experiment in pots in semi-arid region (Syria). The results showed the bacterial strain (SCR17) increased the transfer and accumulation of 238U and 40K in Sesbania grandiflora, while both bacterial strains showed no effect on the accumulation of 234Th, 226Ra, 210Po and 210Pb in the treated plants. The transfer factor of 137Cs from soil to rhizobacteria-treated Sesbania grandiflora was negligible. The values of the transfer factors of 234Th, 226Ra, 210Po and 40K were found to be within the global values, while the values of the transfer factors of 238U and 210Pb were found to be relatively higher. This study highlights the importance of using Phytoremediation by PGPR strains for radionuclides-contaminated soils. Therefore, this method is a promising technique for the restoration and rehabilitation of contaminated sites with radionuclides, as it is low cost, easy to apply, and environmentally friendly.
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Sesbania , Poluentes do Solo , Chumbo , Solo , Síria , Biodegradação AmbientalRESUMO
Aims: To describe pulmonary function 3-6 months following acute COVID-19, to evaluate potential predictors of decreased pulmonary function and to review literature for the effect of COVID-19 on pulmonary function. Materials and methods: A systematic review and cohort study were conducted. Within the P4O2 COVID-19 cohort, 95 patients aged 40-65 years were recruited from outpatient post-COVID-19 clinics in five Dutch hospitals between May 2021-September 2022. At 3-6 months post COVID-19, medical records data and biological samples were collected and questionnaires were administered. In addition, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including spirometry and transfer factor, were performed. To identify factors associated with PFTs, linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusted for covariates. Results: In PFTs (n = 90), mean ± SD % of predicted was 89.7 ± 18.2 for forced vital capacity (FVC) and 79.8 ± 20.0 for transfer factor for carbon monoxide (DLCO). FVC was
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The transfer factor (TF) of naturally occurring radioactivity between soil and olive mill pomace (OMP) was calculated in this study. Nine samples were collected from three locations in north Jordan. The study focused on calculating the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs activity concentrations in both soil and OMP samples using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. The average activity levels in the soil samples were determined to be 24.0±10.1, 31.3±9.1, 323.7±68.4, and 1.0±0.4 (Bqkg-1), respectively. In the OMP samples, the average activity levels of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 6.7±1.8, 3.2±1.2, and 185.5±56.6 (Bqkg-1), respectively, while no trace of 137Cs was detected. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the soils and OMP samples are within the average worldwide ranges. The calculated values of the TF geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were determined to be 0.35 (0.2), 0.11 (0.05), and 0.59 (0.19), respectively. This research offers valuable information about the behavior and movement of radionuclides in the environment.
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Olea , Monitoramento de Radiação , Radioatividade , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo , Fator de Transferência/análise , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análise , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Espectrometria gama , Solo/químicaRESUMO
The levels of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil, grass, and milk were measured in this study in order to calculate the transfer factor of radionuclides from soil to grass and grass to milk obtained from Erbil governorate in Iraq. High efficiency gamma spectrometry used for the measurement. It has been determined that the mean activity concentrations of 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K are 3.08, 8.37, and 253 BqKg-1 in soil, 0.5, 0.39, and 203.05 BqKg-1, in grass, and 0.29, 0.084, and 29.69 BqL-1, in milk, respectively. For soil to grass, the transfer factor values for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K were found to be 0.18, 0.052, and 0.84, respectively, for soil to grass. For grass to milk, the transfer factor values for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K were found to be 0.45, 0.166, and 0.11 dayL-1, respectively. The average transfer factor for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K in all samples were lower than the world average value.
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Monitoramento de Radiação , Radioatividade , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo , Animais , Solo/química , Poaceae/química , Fator de Transferência/análise , Leite/química , Iraque , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análise , Radioisótopos/análiseRESUMO
Repeated exposure to pathogens leads to evolutionary selection of adaptive traits. Many species transfer immunological memory to their offspring to counteract future immune challenges. Transfer factors such as those found in the colostrum are among the many mechanisms where transfer of immunologic memory from one generation to the next can be achieved for an enhanced immune response. Here, a library of 100 plants with high protein contents was screened to find plant-based proteins that behave like a transfer factor moiety to boost human immunity. Aqueous extracts from candidate plants were tested in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytotoxicity assay using human cancerous lymphoblast cells-with K562 cells as a target and natural killer cells as an effector. Plant extracts that caused PBMCs to exhibit enhanced killing beyond the capability of the colostrum-based transfer factor were considered hits. Primary screening yielded an 11% hit rate. The protein contents of these hits were tested via a Bradford assay and Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE, where three extracts were confirmed to have high protein contents. Plants with high protein contents underwent C18 column fractionation using methanol gradients followed by membrane ultrafiltration to isolate protein fractions with molecular weights of <3 kDa, 3-30 kDa, and >30 kDa. It was found that the 3-30 kDa and >30 kDa fractions had high activity in the PBMC cytotoxicity assay. The 3-30 kDa ultrafiltrates from the top two hits, seeds from Raphanus sativus and Brassica juncea, were then selected for protein identification by mass spectrometry. The majority of the proteins in the fractions were found to be seed storage proteins, with a low abundance of proteins involved in plant defense and stress response. These findings suggest that Raphanus sativus or Brassica juncea extracts could be considered for further characterization and immune functional exploration with a possibility of supplemental use to bolster recipients' immune response.
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Proteínas de Plantas , Raphanus , Humanos , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Fator de Transferência , Plantas/metabolismo , Mostardeira/metabolismoRESUMO
The pattern of arsenic (As) uptake at different developmental stages in plants and its consequent influence on the growth of plants was investigated in bean and lettuce. Further, the human health risk from the consumption of these As-laced vegetables was determined. The irrigation water was contaminated with As at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L. The As concentration in the plant parts (root, stem, leaves, and flower/fruit) was determined in bean at the young, flowering, and fruiting stages and lettuce at the young and mature stages. At the different growth stages, As had an impact on the biomass of bean and lettuce plant parts, but none of the biomass changes were significant (p>0.05). The increase in As concentration of the irrigation water elevated the As concentration of plant parts of both plants at all growth stages, with the exception of the bean fruit. The As concentration in the developmental stages was in the order: lettuce (young>mature) and bean (fruiting>young>flowering). In lettuce, the transfer factor was higher at the young stage (0.09-0.19, in the control and 0.1 mg/L As treatment), while in bean, it was highest at the flowering stage (0.09-0.41, in all treatments). In the edible part, lettuce possessed substantially elevated As concentrations (0.30, 0.61, and 1.21 mg/kg DW) compared to bean (0.008, 0.005, and 0.022 mg/kg DW) at As treatments of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, and posed significant health risks at all applied As concentrations.
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Arsênio , Lactuca , Humanos , Verduras , Folhas de Planta , ÁguaRESUMO
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major complication of liver trauma, resection, and transplantation that can lead to liver dysfunction and failure. Scholars have proposed a variety of liver protection methods aimed at reducing ischemia-reperfusion damage, but there is still a lack of effective treatment methods, which urgently needs to find new effective treatment methods for patients. Many studies have reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in HIRI pathological process and liver function recovery mechanism, among which nuclear transfer factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is one of the signal transduction closely related to disease. NF-κB pathway is closely related to HIRI pathologic process, and inhibition of this pathway can delay oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, NF-κB can also interact with PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways to participate in HIRI regulation. Based on the role of NF-κB pathway in HIRI, it may be a potential target pathway for HIRI. This review emphasizes the role of inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HIRI, as well as the effects of related drugs or inhibitors targeting NF-κB on HIRI. The objective of this review is to elucidate the role and mechanism of NF-κB pathway in HIRI, emphasize the important role of NF-κB pathway in the prevention and treatment of HIRI, and provide a theoretical basis for the target NF-κB pathway as a therapy for HIRI.
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Aggregated transfer factors (Tag) were identified for three common vegetables grown in six common European soils freshly contaminated by 134Cs and 85Sr. The experiment was carried out as a mesocosm experiment in pots with an average soil weight of 15.8 kg per pot. The vegetables were grown one after the other during one vegetation season, in the order lettuce, onion, and radish (the order usually applied in private gardens and small farms). Despite the fact that lettuce was grown in the most contaminated soil, it had the lowest Tag (in m2/kg) of both radionuclides (3.6E-4 for Cs, 2.0E-2 for Sr), while onion had 6.4E-3 for Cs and 3.2E-2 for Sr and radish had 1.9E-3 for Cs and 8.1E-2 for Sr. Potassium supply did not show any statistically significant effect on Cs Tag; there was a significant impact of K on the decrease in Sr Tag. The experiments indicated that Tag is more affected by plant species than by soil type; therefore, selection of plants with a lower capacity to uptake radionuclides may be an important measure to reduce food contamination and thus minimize the committed effective dose.
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Poluição Ambiental , Verduras , Lactuca , Contaminação de Alimentos , SoloRESUMO
Pesticide residues in tea and herbal tea often exceed EU maximum residue limits. Consideration of the transfer of pesticides from the leaves (called transfer factors) to the brew is essential to assess the associated risk. This study identified infusion parameters influencing the transfer behaviour of 61 pesticides and elaborated a predictive model for pesticides with unknown transfer factors in black, green, herbal and flavoured teas. Tea type and the presence of flavours were the criteria that most influenced the pesticide transfer. Interestingly, infusion parameters that are individual and area dependent such as infusion time, temperature and water hardness, did not play a significant role. Beta regression models developed to characterise pesticide behaviour during infusion showed good predictions for most pesticides and revealed that log (P) was the main physico-chemical parameter to estimate the pesticide transfer. The transfer factors database and validated models are valuable tools for improving risk assessment.
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Resíduos de Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Chás de Ervas , Bases de Dados Factuais , Aromatizantes , CháRESUMO
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of central nervous system trauma that can lead to severe nerve injury. Inflammatory reaction after injury is an important pathological process leading to secondary injury. Long-term stimulation of inflammation can further deteriorate the microenvironment of the injured site, leading to the deterioration of neural function. Understanding the signaling pathways that regulate responses after SCI, especially inflammatory responses, is critical for the development of new therapeutic targets and approaches. Nuclear transfer factor-κB (NF-κB) has long been recognized as a key factor in regulating inflammatory responses. The NF-κB pathway is closely related to the pathological process of SCI. Inhibition of this pathway can improve the inflammatory microenvironment and promote the recovery of neural function after SCI. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for SCI. This article reviews the mechanism of inflammatory response after SCI and the characteristics of NF-κB pathway, emphasizing the effect of inhibiting NF-κB on the inflammatory response of SCI to provide a theoretical basis for the biological treatment of SCI.
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NF-kappa B , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Humanos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/patologia , Transdução de Sinais , Inflamação/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
On 29 September 1957, the so-called Kyshtym accident occurred at the USSR's first nuclear weapons plutonium production facility. The East Ural State Reserve (EUSR) was established in the most contaminated part of the radioactive trace, where a substantial part of the forests died in the first years after the accident. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the natural restoration of forests and to verify and update the taxonomic parameters that characterize the current state of forest stands in the EUSR. Data on the forest inventory of 2003 and results of our research of 2020 performed by the same methods on 84 randomly selected sites served as the basis for this work. We developed models to approximate growth dynamics and then updated the 2003 taxation-related forest data for the entire EUSR. According to these models and ArcGIS construction of new data, forest-covered lands make up 55.8% of the whole EUSR territory. The proportion of birch forests in the forest-covered lands is 91.9%; 60.7% of wood resources are located in mature and overmature (81-120-year-old) birch forests. The total timber stock in the EUSR is > 1385 thousand tons. It was revealed that ~ 4.2 × 1014 Bq of 90Sr is situated within the EUSR. The main stock of 90Sr is found in soils. The 90Sr stock in the stands is ~ 1.6-3.0% of the total content in the forests. Only a part of the EUSR forest stands can be used for practical applications.