Meat grinder hand injury in children: A report of 5 cases.

BACKGROUND: Meat grinder injury is considered one of the leading causes that may result in mutilating hand injury. It is commonly occurred in children due to negligence, limited awareness and inexperience about the machine processing and its possible complications. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported five cases of grinder-induced hand injuries, presented with their hands yet firmly wedged inside the grinder. Each hand was freed from inside of the grinder by reversed turning of the machine except for one case which needed extrication with the using of a cutting torch. After releasing of the injured hand, we performed amputation at the wrist level in two cases, at metacarpophalangeal levels in one case and we could perform revascularization in two cases. CONCLUSION: Meat grinder hand injuries in children is challenging, gentle and careful releasing of the hand without causing further damages along with meticulous repair of hand structure to restore hand function. The most important thing is to prevent household meat-grinder-related injuries through keeping it away from the reach of the children's hand.

A duplex real-time NASBA assay targeting a serotype-specific gene for rapid detection of viable Salmonella Paratyphi C in retail foods of animal origin.

Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi C is highly adapted to humans and can cause a typhoid-like disease with high mortality rates. In this study, three serovar-specific genes were identified by comparative genomics for Salmonella Paratyphi C, SPC_0871, SPC_0872, and SPC_0908. Based on the SPC_0908 and xcd genes for testing Salmonella spp., we developed a duplex real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (real-time NASBA) with a molecular beacon approach for the simultaneous detection of viable cells of Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C. The test selectively and consistently detected 53 Salmonella spp. (representing 31 serotypes) and 18 non-Salmonella strains. Additionally, the method showed high resistance to interference from natural background flora in pork and chicken samples. The sensitivity of the established approach was determined to be 4.89 cfu/25 g in artificially contaminated pork and chicken samples after pre-enrichment. We propose this NASBA-based protocol as a potential detection method for Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C in foods of animal origin.

Genes and proteins associated with ribeye area and meat tenderness in a commercial Nellore cattle population.

Despite several studies on genetic markers and differentially expressed genes related to ribeye area (REA) and tenderness traits in beef cattle, there is divergence in the results regarding the genes associated with these traits. Thirteen genes associated with or exhibiting biological functions that might influence such phenotypes were included in this study. A total of five genes for REA (IGF-1, IGF-2, MSTN, NEDD4, and UBE4A) and eight genes for meat tenderness (CAPN1, CAPN2, CAST, HSPB1, DNAJA1, FABP4, SCD, and PRKAG3) were selected from previous studies on beef cattle. Genes and their respective proteins expression were validated in a commercial population of Nellore cattle using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and advanced mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) techniques, respectively. The MSTN gene was upregulated in animals with low REA. The CAPN1, CAPN2, CAST, HSPB1, and DNAJA1 genes were upregulated in animals with tough meat. The proteins translated by these genes were not differentially expressed. Our results confirm the potential of some of the studied genes as biomarkers for carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore cattle.

Occurrence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in retail meat products from the Maritime Provinces, Canada.

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in Escherichia coli isolates. The isolates were collected from retail meat products collected in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Our analyses involved the use of both selective and traditional culture methods; we also conducted genotype analyses using multiplex polymerase chain reactions. ESC-resistant (ESC-R) E. coli were detected in 33 of 559 samples (5.9%) using the traditional culture method, compared with 151 of 557 samples (27.1%) using the selective culture method. We recovered more isolates of ESC-R E. coli from poultry compared with beef and pork (P < 0.001). Multidrug resistance, extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL), and AmpC phenotypes were more common in chicken-derived isolates than other retail meat products (P < 0.001). From the 98 isolates examined, 76 isolates (77.6%) were positive for either ESBL and AmpC ß-lactamases or both. Among the 76 isolates, blaCMY-2 (78.9%), blaCTXM (46.1%), blaTEM (21.1%), and blaSHV (1.3%) genes were detected. Among the blaCTXM-producing isolates, blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-2, and blaCTXM-9 phylogenetic groups were detected. ß-lactamase genes were more commonly detected in chicken-derived isolates compared with other meat types (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates the occurrence of ESBL- and AmpC-resistance genes in retail meat products in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. We found that selective culture significantly improved the recovery of ESC-R E. coli isolates from retail meat samples.

[The Causes of Harm: Ethnography of Representations of the Emergence during the 9th Ebola Outbreak in DRC (Equateur Province, 8 May-24 July 2018)]. / Les causes du mal : ethnographie des représentations de l'émergence de la 9e épidémie d'Ebola en RDC (province de l'Équateur, 8 mai-24 juillet 2018).

The article focuses on describing the different causal models of misfortune and their social constructions in the context of the Ebola virus disease which emerged in Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, in May 2018. Based on a corpus of qualitative data collected during three weeks of fieldwork, this article details the explanatory models relating to the chains of contamination and their hybridization between biomedical models and sorcery and/or political logic. By also addressing the impacts of discourse on the animal origin of the virus, this article contributes to an analysis of the gap between the different understandings and responses to the epidemic phenomenon and the scale of the response.

Cet article s'attache à décrire les différents modèles de causalité du malheur et leurs constructions sociales suite à l'émergence de la neuvième épidémie de la maladie à virus Ebola dans la province de l'Équateur, en République démocratique du Congo en mai 2018. Fondé sur un corpus de données qualitatives collecté lors de trois semaines de terrain, l'article détaille les modèles explicatifs ayant trait aux chaînes de contaminations et leur hybridation entre modèle biomédical et logique mystique et/ou politique. En traitant également de la réception du discours scientifique sur l'origine animale du virus, cet article contribue à une analyse du fossé existant entre les différentes compréhensions et réactions locales et biomédicales face au phénomène épidémique et à l'ampleur de la riposte.

Reverse transcription - loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid detection of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in meat products.

This study reports the use of reverse transcription - loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to detect Listeria monocytogenes in meat. The assay was designed to target the iap gene of L. monocytogenes, to which four primers, recognizing six distinct iap sites, were designed. We optimized the RT-LAMP conditions and established the following optimal systems: 60 min, 63 °C, 2.0 mmol/L MgSO4, 1.0 mol/L betaine, 2.0 mmol/L dNTPs, 320 U/mL Bst DNA polymerase, 0.4 µmol/L outer primers, and 0.8 µmol/L inner primers. The RT-LAMP amplification products were identified by a visible white Mg2P2O7 precipitate or electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. RT-LAMP has a sensitivity of 7.3 × 101 CFU/mL, which is 2-fold higher than that of LAMP. When commercially available raw meat samples (including beef, pork, mutton, and rabbit) were analyzed simultaneously with RT-LAMP and the Chinese National Standard GB 4789.30-2016, their abilities to detect L. monocytogenes were the same. Samples containing L. monocytogenes killed by 15 psi at 121 °C for 15 min were used to confirm the specificity of RT-LAMP for live microorganisms. Thus, we used RT-LAMP to efficiently detect L. monocytogenes in meat products.

Control of pathogens in fresh pork sausage by inclusion of Lactobacillus sakei BAS0117.

A pork sausage was produced with low sodium content (1.64%) to which Lactobacillus sakei was added with the aim of developing a meat pork sausage for cooking and having technological, organoleptic, and hygienic advantages. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) L. sakei, Lactococcus sp., and Pediococcus pentosaceus were submitted to extreme pH, temperature, and NaCl conditions. Lactobacillus sakei was used in pork sausage because of its resistance to different culture conditions and its antimicrobial potential. The food-borne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus were used as indicator microorganisms to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of selected LAB strains. Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis is a common pathogen of pigs. To the raw sausage product containing L. sakei and nonpathogenic endogenous microbiota, we added about >104 and <105 CFU/g of S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis to evaluate the inhibitory potential of L. sakei towards this pathogen. Salmonella Choleraesuis was inhibited in the presence of L. sakei over 7 days of storage of the meat product (about 3.0 log cycles reduction). Lactobacillus sakei significantly increased inhibition when compared with the nonfermented sausage. Thus, L. sakei BAS0117 played an important role as an additional hurdle in the fermented meat pork sausage during storage.

Recurring acute urticaria and abdominal pain: Consider a diagnosis of alpha-galactose anaphylaxis.

BACKGROUND: Food urticaria is common and generally benign, and it may be of viral or idiopathic aetiology. A food origin of the allergy is frequently sought but rarely found. Mammalian meat anaphylaxis, or alpha-galactose (α-gal) anaphylaxis, is a rare and recently discovered entity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Herein, we report a case of alpha-galactose (α-gal) anaphylaxis in a 60-year-old woman presenting four episodes of acute urticaria with signs of anaphylaxis occurring a few hours after meals containing mammalian meat (beef meat, pork meat and offal). The diagnosis was confirmed by a positive gelatine prick-test and the presence of α-gal IgE. DISCUSSION: In the event of acute urticaria associated with systemic symptoms, in particular gastrointestinal signs, allergy to α-galactose should be considered.

Microbiota of regular sodium and sodium-reduced ready-to-eat meat products obtained from the retail market.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of sodium content on the microbiota on the surface of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products purchased from the retail market in Canada. Products, including sliced and sausage-type deli meats, were analysed with culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Bacteria were identified from 23 brands of products from different meat processors with claims of sodium content ranging from 390 to 1200 mg per 100 g of product. Out of 150 bacterial isolates, the most common were identified as Leuconostoc gelidum, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Brochothrix thermosphacta, and Leuconostoc gasicomitatum. Vacuum-packaged RTE deli sliced meat products had the largest population of bacteria. Leuconostocci were the most common isolates in this group of products, while carnobacteria were prevalent on products with moderate loads of bacteria. A higher incidence of carnobacteria and lower incidence of B. thermosphacta were detected on sodium-reduced products. Simpson's and Shannon-Wiener indices showed that low sodium products (25%-50% less sodium) had an overall higher bacterial diversity. This was also observed when individual low sodium products were compared with their regular sodium counterpart.

[Parmentier hygiene and public health]. / Parmentier, hygiène et santé publique.

The legend about Parmentier is quite reductive when it limits his activity to the promotion of potato. This military pharmacist intended mainly to make science serve human being, whatever could be his various activities. Actor of the foundation of food chemistry, reorganizer of military pharmacy, he has always been highly concerned with hygiene and public health. He then studied the quality of water, particularly in the case of river Seine, or the purity of air, especially in hospitals. The affair of Dunkerque exhumations or that of cesspools, or the utilisation of human excrements in agriculture were parts of the occurrences for which he had the opportunity to find a scientific approach allowing to solve the difficult questions that were asked to him, for the best benefit of public health. The exhaustive study he published in "Bulletin de pharmacie" for the conservation of meat shows that he did not ignore anything about freezing of food in order to preserve it. It is necessary not to forget the important role he played, as soon as he were informed of Jenner's discovery, for the diffusion of vaccination in France. It is simply astounding to observe how modern were the questions he solved and how intense was his spirit of dedication to the public good, when exerting his functions in "Comité de Salubrité de la Seine" or "Conseil de Santé des Armées", as well as outside these prestigious institutions.