RESUMO
Evans Syndrome (ES) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Thrombotic complications in ES patients are uncommon, particularly involving Buerger's Disease (BD). We report a case of a 49-year-old male with ES and a history of diabetes and heavy smoking, presenting with a necrotic wound on his right great toe. Diagnostic evaluations revealed severe stenosis and thrombosis in the lower limb arteries, diagnosed as BD. The patient underwent successful popliteal-tibioperoneal artery bypass surgery and the subsequent disarticulation and revision of the distal phalanx, followed by the application of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to promote healing. Post-surgery, the patient showed significant improvement in blood flow and complete epithelialization without complications. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to managing complex wounds in ES patients, suggesting potential treatment pathways for future cases involving BD.
Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune , Úlcera do Pé , Tromboangiite Obliterante , Trombocitopenia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tromboangiite Obliterante/complicações , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/complicações , Úlcera do Pé/etiologia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/complicações , Trombocitopenia/complicações , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Biosurgery (larval therapy) has been used for centuries. However, in recent times, this treatment has been replaced with the use of antibiotics for the treatment of wounds. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, larval therapy is once again coming to the fore as an effective and efficient treatment. Due to the increasing ageing population, along with an increase in patients with arterial occlusive disease, diabetes and immobility, the number of patients with hard-to-heal wounds will increase. The stressors associated with wounds, such as pain, limited physical functionality, depression and social withdrawal, have a negative impact on patient quality of life. This case report documents the performance of biosurgery in a patient with multimorbidities.
Assuntos
Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Humanos , Desbridamento , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Cicatrização , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , BactériasRESUMO
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease, which impairs blood flow to the extremities due to occlusion of arteries, in which patients suffer from ischemic pain at rest and gangrene or ulcers. It is frequently accompanied by major adverse cardiac events, resulting in exceedingly high mortality from a cardiac or cerebrovascular event in this population. Although there have been considerable amounts of novel and costly revascularization and wound dressing technology, mortality is still high. Therefore, the risk factors for such high mortality need to be addressed. This review aimed to summarize the potential risk factors for mortality in patients with CLI of the lower extremities. There are several such risk factors, including modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. This review further discusses some highlighted major modified risk factors, including renal failure, cardiovascular, and diabetes. The strategy of regular surveillance and modification of such risk factors in any patients with CLI should be developed.
Assuntos
Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Doença Arterial Periférica , Humanos , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Pé Diabético/complicações , Isquemia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Doença Arterial Periférica/complicações , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/complicações , Resultado do Tratamento , Salvamento de Membro/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) reflect a pivotal event that could lead to serious complications such as amputation and death. Although conservative surgery was reported to have better outcomes when compared to nonsurgical standard of care of forefoot wounds, the surgical management of diabetic toe ulcers (DTUs) is hardly researched. METHODS: The aim of this study is to describe the types and techniques of surgical procedures that could be needed when managing DTU. The proposed surgical techniques were based on their outcomes following an evidence-based search of the literature. RESULTS: Six major types of procedures could be used to treat DTUs; (1) interphalangeal joint resection arthroplasty, (2) phalangectomy or internal pedal amputation, (3) distal Syme amputation, (4) percutaneous toe flexor tenotomy, (5) toe fillet flap, and (6) toe amputation. Details on technical tips are described. CONCLUSION: Based on the location, ulcer grade of the ulcer and the status of the surrounding soft tissue, a surgical decision-making algorithm is proposed to assist surgeons when managing such prevalent conditions.Levels of Evidence: Level V: Expert review.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Osteomielite , Úlcera Cutânea , Humanos , Dedos do Pé/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Pé Diabético/complicações , Osteomielite/cirurgia , Osteomielite/etiologia , Tenotomia/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that still persists as a public health problem in Brazil. Plantar ulcers are serious complications due to leprosy neuropathy and intensify the isolation and stigma of these individuals. The difficulty in closing these lesions associated with the fetid odor negatively impact the quality of life of people with these lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical, socioeconomic conditions, degree of satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) of patients after healing of chronic ulcers on feet submitted to orthopedic surgery. METHODOLOGY: This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and observational study carried out with 92 people after surgical treatment of chronic leprosy plantar ulcers. These patients were submitted to a semi-structured questionnaire raising questions of an epidemiological, socioeconomic and perception of quality-of-life order, comparing before and after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Decrease in indicators - alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, average monthly cost of analgesic medications, fetid wound odor, foot pain and number of dressings performed weekly; Recurrence of lesions in 55.4 % of cases, related to irregular use or lack of shoes and insoles; Improvement in self-perception of Quality of Life (QoL) in 89.1 % of patients after surgery. CONCLUSION: Orthopedic surgical treatment with resection of plantar bony prominences and skin grafting is an effective therapeutic method for closing chronic plantar ulcers in leprosy, resulting in a decrease in the financial costs employed and in an important improvement in the Quality-of-Life parameters of the individuals undergoing to this procedure. The availability and regular use of shoes and insoles is crucial to prevent recurrence of these injuries.
Assuntos
Úlcera do Pé , Hanseníase , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Humanos , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/etiologia , Úlcera do Pé/prevenção & controle , Qualidade de Vida , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Plantar hallux IPJ ulcers are common and challenging to manage, with many available treatments. One newer technique called SPFR has been used in the management of plantar forefoot ulcers. OBJECTIVE: This case series reports the clinical results of SPFR for treatment of strictly plantar hallux IPJ ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients that underwent SPFR procedure by a single foot and ankle surgeon from 2018 to 2023. The primary study outcome was to identify the rate and time of healing associated with SPFR for hallux IPJ ulcers. Only the initial surgery was evaluated for time of healing for the ulcer, healing rate, and complications. Subsequent surgeries were reviewed as well. Patient charts were further reviewed to determine the presence or absence of a postoperative complication. RESULTS: A total of 17 feet from 17 patients were studied. The hallux IPJ ulcers healed in an average of 3.0 months. The average follow-up time was 26.9 months. Fifteen patients (88.2%) healed after the SPFR procedure. Five patients (29.4%) developed transfer lesions, and 7 patients (41.2%) developed postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe that SPFR can be utilized in the treatment of hallux IPJ ulcers if both surgeons and patients are aware of the potential complications and limitations of this procedure. Further research is warranted to evaluate the efficacy and reproducibility of these results.
Assuntos
Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Hallux , Humanos , Hallux/cirurgia , Úlcera , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pé Diabético/complicações , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , FásciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chronic plantar ulcers in leprosy are lesions resulting from motor and sensory alterations caused by Mycobacterium leprae. They are lesions refractory to conventional dressings and present high recurrence rates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological clinical profile of patients with chronic plantar ulcers associated with bony prominences in the lesion bed and to evaluate the efficacy of orthopedic surgical treatment of these lesions. METHODS: This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective study with the evaluation of medical records of patients undergoing surgical treatment of chronic plantar ulcers from 2008 to 2018. The surgical technique applied consisted of corrective resection of bone prominences and the primary closure of the lesion with bipediculated local flap. RESULTS: 234 patients were submitted to surgery, 55.1% male with an average age of 69.5 years old. Of these, 82.9% were illiterate; and 88.5% with open lesions over 10 years. After surgical treatment, total wound healing occurred in an average time of 12 weeks. The variables that contributed to shorter healing time were: Patients' lower age group; regular use of orthopedic shoes and insoles and dressings performed by nurse aides in health units before surgery. Obesity was the factor that correlated with the delay of healing time. CONCLUSION: A higher incidence was observed in males and male and female illiterate patients. The regular use of shoes and insoles and dressings performed by nurse aides in health units contributed to shorter postoperative healing time. Orthopedic surgical treatment with corrective resection of bony prominences proved to be an efficient therapeutic method for the closure of chronic plantar ulcers. It is a reproducible method, justifying the importance of the orthopedic surgeon in the context of the multidisciplinary team to cope with these complex lesions.
Assuntos
Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Hanseníase , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Úlcera do Pé/epidemiologia , Úlcera do Pé/etiologia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/cirurgia , Pé Diabético/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Plantar hallux wounds are common in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Several techniques, both surgical and nonsurgical, are designed to offload plantar wounds. However, controversy exists regarding which techniques are superior in terms of efficacy, safety, and longevity. OBJECTIVE: This manuscript presents a simple, minimally invasive technique to permanently offload the plantar IPJ of the hallux in the case of recalcitrant plantar ulcerations. The authors describe their surgical technique for and outcomes of medially based hallux IPJ arthroplasty for the management of recalcitrant hallux ulcerations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients (6 wound cases) were evaluated. All patients underwent the same surgical procedure and were subject to the same postoperative protocol of full weight-bearing as tolerated. RESULTS: All 5 cases healed, with an average time to healing of 15.5 days (range, 10-22 days) and no instances of recurrence. The average time to final follow-up was 83.17 weeks (range, 54-95 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: The medially based hallux IPJ arthroplasty approach has demonstrated ability to adequately offload hallux ulcerations, permits bone biopsy or resection for treatment of underlying bone infection, and allows for immediate weight-bearing.
Assuntos
Neuropatias Diabéticas , Úlcera do Pé , Hallux , Humanos , Hallux/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Artroplastia/métodos , Cicatrização , Seguimentos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is associated with a short-term risk of limb loss. Multidisciplinary teams are often involved in CLTI treatment; however, in Asian countries, multidisciplinary teams that include podiatrists specializing in foot wounds and vascular surgeons who can perform distal bypass surgery are lacking. We investigated predictive factors for limb salvage and foot ulcer recurrence in patients with CLTI treated by a Japanese single-center intensive multidisciplinary team over 6 years. We retrospectively investigated 84 patients with CLTI and foot ulcers who had undergone revascularization and wound treatment between October 2013 and December 2019. Following postrevascularization treatment, including undertaking minor amputations, the healing rate was 77.8%, and the average wound healing time was 75 ± 68 days. To achieve adequate blood supply, 17.7% of patients were treated using a combination of endovascular revascularization and bypass surgeries. Thirty-three (44%) patients had wound recurrence and there was wound recurrence within 6â months in 58.9% of these patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postrevascularization skin perfusion pressure was significantly associated with wound healing (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.033-1.243, P = .0078). Diabetes mellitus (OR 9.72, 95% CI 1.855-50.937, P = .0071), and heart disease (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.052-11.693, P = .0411) were significantly associated with wound recurrence (P < .05). Treatment within a single-center intensive multidisciplinary team resulted in good patient outcomes. Our study indicates that the revascularization endpoint of CLTI treatment should be marked by attainment of adequate blood supply and wound healing. The timing of revascularization and debridement is of utmost importance for the successful treatment of CLTI wounds.
Assuntos
Pé Diabético , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Úlcera do Pé , Doença Arterial Periférica , Humanos , Salvamento de Membro/métodos , Isquemia Crônica Crítica de Membro , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , População do Leste Asiático , Resultado do Tratamento , Isquemia , Fatores de Risco , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Diabetic foot ulcer syndrome is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Three main factors contribute to it: neuropathy, vasculopathy, and infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in diabetic foot ulcer patients and its impact on limb salvage as an outcome. This prospective cross-sectional study included 392 cases, who were divided according to the presence of PAD into 2 groups; patients with PAD were labeled as PAD +ve (172 cases) and those without PAD were labeled as PAD -ve (22 cases). All cases were clinically assessed, and routine laboratory examinations were ordered. Moreover, duplex ultrasound was done for suspected cases of having PAD by examination. Computed tomography angiography was ordered for patients who are in need of a revascularization procedure. Cases were managed by debridement and/or revascularization. After that, these cases were assessed clinically and radiologically for vascularity and infection and the possibility for amputation was evaluated. Infection was classified using Wagner Classification System, and revascularization was decided according to the TASC II system. The incidence of PAD in cases with diabetic foot ulcer syndrome was 43.87%. No difference was detected between the 2 groups regarding age and gender (P > .05). The prevalence of smoking, hemodialysis, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and hypertension was more significantly higher in cases with PAD (P < .05). Revascularization procedures were only performed in cases that had documented severe PAD or chronic limb-threatening ischemia in addition to foot ulcer and/or infection. With regard to limb salvage, it was more significantly performed in cases without PAD (82.3% vs 48.3% in PAD cases; P < .001). Male gender, smoking, ankle-brachial pressure index, hemodialysis, IHD, neuropathy, HbA1C, PAD, and high Wagner classification were predictors of limb amputation (P < .05). PAD is associated with worse outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer patients. Not only does it constitute a great number among diabetic foot ulcer patients, but it also has a negative impact on limb salvage.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Doença Arterial Periférica , Humanos , Masculino , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , Pé Diabético/epidemiologia , Pé Diabético/complicações , Salvamento de Membro/efeitos adversos , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Cicatrização , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Doença Arterial Periférica/complicações , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Doença Arterial Periférica/epidemiologia , Isquemia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Ulcers of the distal toe are common in patients with toe deformities and many times are complicated by osteomyelitis of the phalanx. Amputation of the toe is the standard treatment in many institutions; however, this can lead to abnormal biomechanics of the foot predisposing the patient to recurrent ulceration and further amputations, especially in patients with diabetes and those with neuropathy. It has been found that conservative, local operative procedures to remove the infected bone can avoid these complications and even avoid long-term antibiotic therapy. Many of these procedures can be performed in the wound clinic. To show its utility, a case report of this procedure and a small series of these patients treated in the wound clinic are presented.
Assuntos
Pé Diabético , Úlcera do Pé , Osteomielite , Amputação Cirúrgica , Pé Diabético/complicações , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Humanos , Osteomielite/complicações , Osteomielite/cirurgia , Dedos do Pé/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Non-healing plantar weight-bearing heel ulcers are a challenging problem to treat. Free tissue transfer (FTT) reconstruction of the heel is an opportunity for limb salvage to preserve gait and ambulation. The aim of this study is to describe surgical and functional outcomes in patients who underwent FTT to treat chronic heel ulcers. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent FTT for plantar heel ulcers from 2011 to 2021 was conducted. Patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative data, postoperative complications, and long-term outcomes were recorded. Primary outcomes included flap success, complications, postoperative ambulation, patient-reported outcome measures and limb salvage, with patients stratified into limb salvage or eventual amputation groups. RESULTS: Forty-four patients underwent 45 heel reconstructions. Average age and BMI were 57.3 years and 30.1 kg/m2 , respectively. Thirty-eight patients (86.4%) had calcaneal osteomyelitis, 35 patients (79.5%) had diabetes, and 18 patients (40.9%) had peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Immediate microsurgical success rate was 95.6%. At mean follow-up of 19.6 ± 20.9 months, overall limb salvage rate was 73.3% (n = 33). Preoperative albumin levels were higher in limb salvage group compared to the amputation group (3.0 vs. 2.4 g/dl, p = .018). Prior stroke history and hypoalbuminemia were significantly higher in the amputation group compared to limb salvage group (p = .012 and p = .018, respectively). Risk for eventual amputation was associated with PVD (OR 4.0, p = .053), hypoalbuminemia (OR 4.9, p = .020), and postoperative infection (OR 6.3, p = .013). Of the 12 amputations that occurred, the most common indication for amputation was infection (n = 8, 66.7%), which most often occurred at the original wound location (62.5%). At most recent follow-up, 90.7% of patients (n = 39) were ambulatory. CONCLUSION: FTT is an effective alternative to amputation in patients with chronic heel ulcers. Proper patient selection, preoperative optimization, and postoperative care are imperative to the success of this limb salvage procedure.
Assuntos
Úlcera do Pé , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico , Hipoalbuminemia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/irrigação sanguínea , Calcanhar/cirurgia , Humanos , Hipoalbuminemia/cirurgia , Salvamento de Membro/métodos , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Úlcera/cirurgia , Suporte de CargaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of flexor tenotomy in patients with diabetes on barefoot plantar pressure, toe joint angles and ulcer recurrence during patient follow-up. METHODS: Patients with a history of ulceration on the toe apex were included. They underwent minimally invasive needle flexor tenotomy by an experienced musculoskeletal surgeon. Dynamic barefoot plantar pressure measurements and static weight-bearing radiographs were taken before and 2-4 weeks after the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients underwent flexor tenotomy on 50 toes in 19 feet. There was a mean follow-up time of 11.4 months. No ulcer recurrence occurred during follow-up. Mean barefoot plantar pressure was assessed on 34 toes and decreased significantly after the procedure by a mean 279 kPa (95% CI: 204-353; p < 0.001). Metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joint angles were assessed on nine toes and all decreased significantly (by 7° [95% CI: 4-9; p < 0.001], 19° [95% CI: 11-26; p < 0.001] and 28° [95% CI: 13-44; p = 0.003], respectively). CONCLUSION: These observations show a beneficial effect of flexor tenotomy on biomechanical and musculoskeletal outcomes in the toes, without ulcer recurrence.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético , Neuropatias Diabéticas , Úlcera do Pé , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/etiologia , Úlcera do Pé/prevenção & controle , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Humanos , Tenotomia/métodos , Dedos do Pé/cirurgia , ÚlceraRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for major amputation in persons hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers involving the midfoot. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Between January 2003 and May 2019, a total of 1931 patients with diabetes were admitted to the diabetic wound center for the management of foot ulcers. Among the admitted patients, 169 patients with midfoot ulcers were included in this study. One hundred fifty-four patients (91%) healed without major amputation, while 15 patients (9%) healed post-major amputation. METHODS: Data related to 88 potential risk factors including demographics, ulcer condition, vascularity, bioburden, neurology, and serology were collected from patients in these 2 groups for comparison. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze risk factors for major amputation. RESULTS: Among the 88 potential risk factors, 15 showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. Using univariate analysis of 88 potential risk factors, 8 showed statistically significant differences. Using stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, 3 of the 8 risk factors remained statistically significant. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for deep ulcers invading bone, cardiac disorders, and Charcot foot were 26.718, 18.739, and 16.997, respectively. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for major amputation in patients hospitalized with diabetic midfoot ulcers included deep ulcers invading the bone, cardiac disorders, and Charcot foot.
Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica/métodos , Complicações do Diabetes/complicações , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Amputação Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Celulite (Flegmão)/diagnóstico , Celulite (Flegmão)/tratamento farmacológico , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Articulação do Dedo do Pé/fisiopatologia , Terapia de Exposição à Realidade Virtual/métodos , Administração Oral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19 , Disfunção Cognitiva , Doxiciclina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Úlcera do Pé/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS: Despite the evidence available on the epidemiology of diabetic foot ulcers and associated complications, it is not clear how specific organizational aspects of health care systems can positively affect their clinical trajectory. We aim to evaluate the impact of organizational aspects of care on lower extremity amputation rates among people with type 2 diabetes affected by foot ulcers. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature published between 1999 and 2019, using the following key terms as search criteria: people with type 2 diabetes, diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcer, treated with specific processes and care pathways, and LEA as primary outcome. Overall results were reported as pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals obtained using fixed and random effects models. RESULTS: A total of 57 studies were found eligible, highlighting the following arrangements: dedicated teams, care pathways and protocols, multidisciplinary teams, and combined interventions. Among them, seven studies qualified for a meta-analysis. According to the random effects model, interventions including any of the four arrangements were associated with a 29% reduced risk of any type of lower extremity amputation (OR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.52-0.96). The effect was larger when focusing on major LEAs alone, leading to a 48% risk reduction (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.30-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Specific organizational arrangements including multidisciplinary teams and care pathways can prevent half of the amputations in people with diabetes and foot ulcers. Further studies using standardized criteria are needed to investigate the cost-effectiveness to facilitate wider implementation of improved organizational arrangements. Similarly, research should identify specific roadblocks to translating evidence into action. These may be structures and processes at the health system level, e.g. availability of professionals with the right skillset, reimbursement mechanisms, and clear organizational intervention implementation guidelines.
Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Amputação Cirúrgica/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Procedimentos Clínicos/economia , Procedimentos Clínicos/organização & administração , Procedimentos Clínicos/normas , Procedimentos Clínicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção à Saúde/economia , Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/economia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Pé Diabético/economia , Pé Diabético/epidemiologia , Feminino , Úlcera do Pé/economia , Úlcera do Pé/epidemiologia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Extremidade Inferior/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/economia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Internal partial forefoot amputation (IPFA) is a treatment option for osteomyelitis and refractory and recurrent chronic ulcers of the forefoot. The aim of our study was to assess the healing rate of chronic ulcers, risk of ulcer recurrence at the same area or re-ulceration at a different area and revision rate in patients treated with IPFA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who underwent IPFA of a phalanx and/or metatarsal head and/or sesamoids at our institution because of chronic ulceration of the forefoot and/or osteomyelitis from 2004 to 2014 were included. Information about patient characteristics, ulcer healing, new ulcer occurrence, and revision surgery were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted for new ulcer occurrence and revision surgery. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were included (108 operated feet). 55.6% of our patients had diabetes. In 44 cases, an IPFA of a phalanx was performed, in 60 cases a metatarsal head resection and in 4 cases an isolated resection of sesamoids. The mean follow-up was 40.9 months. 91.2% of ulcers healed after a mean period of 1.3 months. In 56 feet (51.9%), a new ulcer occurred: 11 feet (10.2%) had an ulcer in the same area as initially (= ulcer recurrence), in 45 feet (41.7%) the ulcer was localized elsewhere (= re-ulceration). Revision surgery was necessary in 39 feet (36.1%). Only one major amputation and five complete transmetatarsal forefoot amputations were necessary during the follow-up period. Thus, the major amputation rate was 0.9%, and the minor amputation rate on the same ray was 13.9%. CONCLUSIONS: IPFA is a valuable treatment of chronic ulcers of the forefoot. However, new ulceration is a frequent event following this type of surgery. Our results are consistent with the reported re-ulceration rate after conservative treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. The number of major amputations is low after IPFA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective Case Series Study (Level IV).
Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica , Pé/cirurgia , Amputação Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Amputação Cirúrgica/métodos , Amputação Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Humanos , Osteomielite/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Recidiva , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). METHODS: Between 2012 and 2017, 646 patients with DFU were admitted to our diabetic foot care center. A retrospective chart review was performed, and the end point was limb salvage and minor or major amputation. Chi-square test, dependent t test, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors in patients with DFUs. RESULTS: A total of 399 male and 247 female patients (mean age 64.6 years) were included in this study, of whom 159 (24.6%) underwent lower limb amputation (minor, 17.5; major, 7.1%). Independent risk factors of amputation were peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (odds ratio [OR], 3.196; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) level (OR, 1.046; p = 0.001), and hospital stay (OR, 1.019; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on all patients with PAD who underwent amputation showed that endovascular intervention (OR, 0.271; p = 0.049) was a protective factor for major amputation in addition to CRP level (OR, 1.116; p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: DFU remains a major medical and public health issue. PAD, CRP level, and hospital stay are independent risk factors for amputation. Endovascular intervention is an independent protective factor against major amputation among patients with PAD who underwent amputation.
Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica , Pé Diabético/fisiopatologia , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Auditoria Médica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: A considerable number of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients require amputation every year, which worsens their quality of life, aggravates the social burden, and shortens their life expectancy. Considering these negative effects, it is important to explore the relative risk factors affecting amputation in DFU patients. METHODS: The PubMed, SCIE and Embase databases were comprehensively searched for prospective or retrospective studies published before October 31, 2019. All English language studies involving DFU patients were included, and RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: This meta-analysis includes 21 studies involving 6505 participants, including 2006 patients who required a lower limb amputation. The following variables were associated with an increased risk of amputation: male sex (odds ratios (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16~1.46, P<0.00001), smoking history (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04~1.35, P = 0.009), a history of foot ulcers (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 2.00~3.07, P<0.00001), osteomyelitis (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 3.02~4.53, P<0.00001), gangrene (OR = 10.90, 95% CI = 5.73~20.8, P<0.00001), a lower body mass index (mean difference IV (MD) = -0.88, 95% CI = -1.30~-0.47, P<0.0001), and a higher white blood cell count (MD = 2.42, 95% CI = 2.02~2.82, P<0.00001). However, age (MD = 1.24, 95% CI = -0.45~2.93, P = 0.15), type of diabetes (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.61~1.52, P = 0.86), hypertension (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.96~1.47, P = 0.12), and HbA1c level (MD = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.28~0.33, P = 0.87) were not associated with amputation in patients with DFU. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis identified several risk factors for amputation in DFU patients, including the male sex, a smoking history, a history of foot ulcers, osteomyelitis, gangrene, a lower body mass index, and a higher white blood cell count. Once gangrene occurs, the risk of amputation rapidly increases.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Úlcera do Pé/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/cirurgia , Amputação Cirúrgica/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Pé Diabético/etiologia , Pé Diabético/fisiopatologia , Úlcera do Pé/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior/fisiopatologia , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
In the last 15 years an abundance of literature has demonstrated that angiosome-targeted revascularization, either endovascular or open, can lead to better clinical results in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. According to this literature, the angiosome concept should guide our treatment strategy in every chronic limb-threatening ischemia patient. However, in our daily practice, its application is often difficult or impossible. Most foot wounds spread over multiple angiosomes and, moreover, the value of an angiosome-guided revascularization approach can vary according to vascular anatomy, collateral vessel network, type of revascularization, and wound. The aim of this article is to explore values and limits of the angiosome concept, and to propose some "instructions for use" regarding its application in our daily practice.