[Role of pneumotachography in the diagnosis and assessment of treatment effectiveness in bronchial dystonia in respiratory tract diseases of dust etiology]. / Rol' pnevmotakhografii v diagnostike i otsenke éffektivnosti lecheniia distonii bronkhov pri zabolevaniiakh organov dykhaniia pylevoi étiologii.

Flow-volume values and their changes in response to salbutamol and methacin inhalations were studied with the help of a pneumotachograph in 69 patients with anthracosilicosis stage I, and in 70 patients with chronic dust bronchitis stages I and II. Pneumotachography was shown to extend diagnostic potentialities in the detection of ventilation insufficiency in patients with dust pulmonary pathology, making it possible to determine not only a degree but also a site of obstructive disorders. Disorders of the sympathetic and parasympathetic bronchial innervation and associated biochemical mechanisms were important in the mechanism of bronchospasm development. Pneumotachography was recommended in combination with bronchospasmolytic drugs of sympathomimetic and cholinolytic action for elucidation of the mechanism of disorders of the bronchial tone, a choice of adequate therapy and assessment of its efficacy.

[Liver and blood enzyme spectra of rats with model anthracosis based on feeding a diet with additional amounts of methionine and pyridoxine]. / Fermentnye spektry pecheni i krovi krys s model'iu antrakoza na fone vvedeniia v ikh ratsion dopolnitel'nykh kolichestv metionina i piridoksina.

The data obtained during studies of the enzymic spectrum of the liver and blood of rats with experimental anthracosis fed the diet containing additional quota of methionine and pyridoxine are presented. It was established that introduction of additional quota of methionine and pyridoxine in the animals' diet with an optimal fat content reduced the negative manifestations on the part of the enzymic systems of the liver and blood characteristic of experimental anthracosis and thus promoted retardation of fibrous process in the lungs. Additional introduction into the diet of rats with experimental anthracosis of methionine alone appeared ineffective.

[Treatment possibilities and treatment results in pneumoconioses]. / Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und Behandlungserfolge bei Pneumokoniosen.

Some types of pneumoconiosis, such as asbestosis, are characterized by marked restrictive functional patterns. Treatment is begun when definite arterial hypoxemia appears, since the inhalation of oxygen clearly lowers pulmonary artery pressure. It is also important that the onset of concomitant airway obstruction is recognized promptly. From the sociomedical standpoint the most significant pneumoconiosis continues to be the miner's anthracosilicosis. The functional pattern of this pneumoconiosis is clearly airway obstruction, and such anthracosilicotic airway obstruction responds like all other forms of airway obstruction to antiobstructive therapy. The fundamentals of this therapy, which is based on the use of bronchodilators, adrenal cortical hormones and antibiotics, are described.

Long-term test on rhesus monkeys for the PVNO therapy of anthracosilicosis.

In order to test the therapeutic efficiency of intravenous PVNO injections against anthracosilicotic changes, long-term inhalation tests were performed in which rhesus monkeys were exposed to coal-quartz dust. The exposures were given over a period of 48 months. PVNO treatment at a concentration of 300 or 600 mg/kg body weight began 8 months after the end of exposure. To determine the effect of PVNO injections, hydroxyproline examinations of the urine were made. After a total duration of 70 months the test was followed by an examination of respiration and circulation. In addition to histological check-ups the organ weights were determined. Under the influence of PVNO treatment neither a regression of anthracosilicotic changes in lungs and lung lymph nodes occurred nor was the progression of these changes retarded.

The therapeutic action of aluminium compounds on the development of experimental lesions produced by pure quartz or mixed dust.

The prophylactic and curative effect of aluminium salts administered as aerosols on the development of lung lesions caused by the dust inhalation of quartz, two coal-quartz mixtures with 17% and 8% silica, respectively, and pure coal, was studied experimentally on rats. It appears that the preventive treatment is very efficient either in the case of pure quartz or coal-quartz mixtures. The curation treatment with regard to pure quartz leads to constant lung weight and reduced rate of collagen formation; the effect is the more evident as the silica content of the dust is higher and becomes nil with pure coal. The effectiveness is slightly increased when aerosols at higher concentrations are used, but the difference is not proportional to the dose. Under these experimental conditions, the aerosols used showed no toxicity.