RESUMO
The stapedial artery is an embryonic artery that represents the precursor of some orbital, dural, and maxillary branches. Although its embryologic development and transformations are very complex, it is mandatory to understand the numerous anatomic variations of the middle meningeal artery. Thus, in the first part of this review, we describe in detail the hyostapedial system development with its variants, referring also to some critical points of ICA, ophthalmic artery, trigeminal artery, and inferolateral trunk embryology. This basis will allow the understanding of the anatomic variants of the middle meningeal artery, which we address in the second part of the review.
Assuntos
Artérias Meníngeas/anormalidades , Artérias Meníngeas/embriologia , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/embriologia , Variação Anatômica , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraorbital arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare lesions, and their treatment is challenging. We have presented a case of an intraorbital AVF treated with endovascular embolization through the surgically accessed basal vein of Rosenthal. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 53-year-old man had been referred to our hospital for an aneurysm-like lesion that was compressing the left optic chiasm. A left internal carotid angiogram demonstrated an orbital AVF fed by a distal segment of the ophthalmic arteries and the anterior branch of the inferolateral trunk that was drained solely into a tortuous basal vein of Rosenthal through a bridging vein of the left optic nerve sheath. Considering the risk of hemorrhagic complications during transvenous manipulation and visual complication in cases of transarterial embolization, combined surgical and transvenous embolization was attempted through the translocated basal vein of Rosenthal to bypass the dangerous path to the fistula. The lesion was directly catheterized through the translocated basal vein of Rosenthal after confirming visual tolerance to brief drainage occlusion using visual evoked potential monitoring, resulting in successful fistula obliteration using detachable coils. CONCLUSION: Direct catheterization of the translocated deep draining vein was useful to bypass the dangerous access to the fistula and could be a feasible alternative strategy for treating selected AVFs.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Veias Cerebrais/anormalidades , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Órbita/patologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Órbita/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
Ophthalmic artery (OA) is known for anomalous origin and aberrant course probably attributable to its complex embryology. Anomalous origin of OA can be associated with intracranial aneurysm. Anomalous origins have been reported from middle meningeal artery (MMA), cavernous carotid, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral and basilar artery. Even though bilateral anomalous origin of OA from MMA is a rare finding, to the author's best knowledge, association of above condition with bilateral internal carotid artery aneurysms has not been described in the literature. We present a case of such anomalous bilateral OA originating from MMA and associated with bilateral internal carotid artery aneurysms. We have also reviewed the pertinent literature regarding anomalous OA origin.
Assuntos
Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias Meníngeas/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Angiografia Digital , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/cirurgia , Angiografia Cerebral , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The ophthalmic artery (OA) is a very important branch of the supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery. Origination of the OA from the anterior cerebral artery is an extremely rare condition. Being unaware of the origin anomalies of OAs can lead to unfavorable results, especially in cases in which craniofacial surgery or cerebral therapeutic angiography is planned. CASE DESCRIPTION: An anomalous origin of the ipsilateral OAs from the A1 segments of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries was detected by three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Anomalous origin of the OA from the anterior cerebral artery may be explained by a failure in the caudal migration of the ventral OA. Because of high soft tissue resolution and absence of radiation, three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography is preferred for detection of orbital and cerebral vascular anomalies.
Assuntos
Artéria Cerebral Anterior/anormalidades , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagemAssuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Tratamento Conservador , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Órbita/irrigação sanguínea , Veias/anormalidades , Idoso , Angiografia Digital , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Arteriovenosa/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Observação , Acuidade Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
Deviations from normal embryologic development can manifest in different anatomical variants of the ophthalmic artery. We present a case of an infant treated for a high-flow dural arteriovenous fistula of the superior sagittal sinus, in whom an arterial circle involving the ophthalmic artery, the middle meningeal artery, the inferolateral trunk and a hypoplastic segment of the internal carotid artery was found. The embryologic development is briefly reviewed with emphasis on the possible genesis of this interesting constellation.
Assuntos
Artéria Carótida Interna/anormalidades , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Angiografia Digital , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Among variations of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), anastomosis of its A1-A2 junction with the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery is rare and described as carotid-ACA anastomosis or infraoptic course of the ACA. One common variant, an azygos ACA, demonstrates no pairing of the A2 segment. To our knowledge, association of a carotid-ACA anastomosis with an azygos ACA is not reported in the English-language literature. We report a case diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography in which right carotid-ACA anastomosis was associated with an azygos ACA and the right ophthalmic artery originated from the middle meningeal artery.
Assuntos
Variação Anatômica , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/anormalidades , Artéria Carótida Interna/anormalidades , Artérias Meníngeas/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Adolescente , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Artérias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: We report an extremely rare, double ophthalmic artery configuration. METHODS: We present 2D- and 3D-angiographic features of an anomalous origin of the ophthalmic artery. RESULTS: The double ophthalmic artery was the result of the persistence of the primitive dorsal ophthalmic artery combined with the presence of a second orbital artery originating from the supracavernous internal carotid artery, passing through the superior orbital fissure and into the orbit to furnish the muscular, lacrimal and ethmoidal arteries and the medial long posterior ciliary artery. CONCLUSIONS: A heretofore undocumented instance of ophthalmic artery duplication is presented. Knowledge of such variations is important for the planning of endovascular treatments and the comprehension of unusual angiographic images. Such fine arterial variants may very well be frequent, but difficult to demonstrate on simple 2D angiographies. Multiplanar reconstructions of 3D angiography data make it possible to diagnose rare, but embryologically predictable arterial variants.
Assuntos
Variação Anatômica , Aneurisma Roto/etiologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgia , Angiografia , Artéria Carótida Interna/embriologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/irrigação sanguínea , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/embriologia , Órbita/irrigação sanguínea , Órbita/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
AIM: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate rare cases of anomalous origins of the ophthalmic artery (OA) according to magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings. METHODS: This retrospective study included 80 patients diagnosed with anomalous OA origins between March 2015 and July 2018 from a sample of 16,024 patients. The patients included 47 females and 33 males with a mean age of 38.16 years (range 18-62 years). Three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D-TOF) MRA was performed for all patients. RESULTS: Eighty (0.5%) patients had anomalous OA origins. The most common type of OA origin anomaly was the right OA originating from the middle meningeal artery (0.17%). Twelve (0.07%) patients had OAs with an extradural origin. CONCLUSIONS: Anomalous origins of the OA are rare. 3D-TOF MRA is a noninvasive imaging method that can be applied for the diagnosis of OA anomalies. Some OA variations can have a protective effect against ocular complications in vaso-occlusive events. Therefore, it is critical to know the variant anatomy of OAs.
Assuntos
Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Malformações Vasculares/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Duane's Retraction Syndrome (DRS), a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder, accounts for 5% of all strabismus. A vascular anomaly in DRS, which became clinically relevant in the context of significant epistaxis, is presented. A 15-year-old girl with DRS underwent a rhinological procedure for traumatic nasal deformity and suffered large volume epistaxis. Using angiography, an anatomical variation was identified, noting the ophthalmic artery was supplied by branches from the sphenopalatine artery, facial artery, and middle meningeal artery; not from the internal carotid artery. Hence epistaxis control was achieved via alternative methods, and unilateral blindness was avoided.
Assuntos
Cegueira/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Retração Ocular/complicações , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Epistaxe/terapia , Obstrução Nasal/cirurgia , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Complicações Cognitivas Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Adolescente , Angiografia , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Epistaxe/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Obstrução Nasal/complicações , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Rinoplastia/efeitos adversos , Estrabismo/etiologiaRESUMO
We report two pediatric retinoblastoma patients with unusual ophthalmic artery (OA) origins who were referred to our interventional neuroradiology department for intraarterial chemotherapy. The first patient had double OAs arising from the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and a central retinal artery (CRA) arising from the more cranially located artery, whereas the second patient had an OA originating from the A1 segment of the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery. In both cases the CRA arose from the artery entering the orbit through the optic foramen. Both patients tolerated the procedures well. To the best of our knowledge, our retinoblastoma patients with unusual OA origins are the first in the literature in which detailed knowledge of the orbital vasculature and especially CRA origin carried immediate clinical implications, altering access strategies. These variations were proved both by flat-panel detector computed tomography findings and superselective injections of OAs with unusual origins. Our results show that in patients with retinoblastoma, a detailed angiographic work-up may be necessary to evaluate the orbital vasculature and possible abnormal origin of the OA. Recognition of possible variations of OA origin and its branching patterns is of the utmost importance for successful treatment and avoidance of adverse events among retinoblastoma patients.
Assuntos
Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Neoplasias da Retina/tratamento farmacológico , Retinoblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Angiografia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Infusões Intra-Arteriais , Masculino , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Retinoblastoma/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
An 82-year-old woman presented with right-sided proptosis, chemosis, and a supraorbital bruit. A dural carotid-cavernous fistula was suspected, but catheter angiography revealed an intraorbital inferior ophthalmic vein arteriovenous fistula supplied by the right ophthalmic artery and infraorbital branch of the internal maxillary artery. A primary orbital arteriovenous fistula can mimic the clinical and radiographic features of the more common carotid-cavernous fistula.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa/diagnóstico , Artéria Maxilar/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Doenças Orbitárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias/anormalidades , Acidentes de Trânsito , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas/etiologia , Angiografia Cerebral , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diplopia/diagnóstico , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Dor Ocular/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Artéria Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Orbitárias/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Veias/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos da Visão/diagnósticoRESUMO
Intraorbital arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a very rare disease; therefore an optimal treatment strategy has not yet been established. Here we describe the use of high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and selective angiography to visualize the detailed anatomy of orbital vessels. The information provided by the intraoperative imaging led to a change in treatment strategy and eventually to successful transvenous coil embolization. A 55-year-old man presented with a 4 months history of right exophthalmos, chemosis and diplopia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a dilated superior orbital vein. Cerebral angiography showed an intraorbital AVF fed by the branch of the ophthalmic artery and drainage to the superior orbital vein (SOV) and inferior orbital vein (IOV). Superselective angiography and high-resolution CBCT with diluted contrast medium clarified that feeders of the AVF came from the first segment of the ophthalmic artery, and the shunt located surrounding an optic nerve sheath. Transvenous embolization via IOV with coils occluded the AVF. Detailed analysis of intraorbital vessels using high-resolution CBCT and selective angiography led to successful treatment by transvenous coil embolization.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Órbita/anormalidades , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Arteriovenosa/patologia , Angiografia Cerebral , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervo Óptico , Órbita/irrigação sanguínea , Órbita/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias/anormalidades , Veias/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
A 64 year-old man with pituitary adenoma developed massive epistaxis after an uneventful endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Angiography showed extravasation from the sphenopalatine artery, to which embolisation was performed. An incidentally coexisting ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistula supplied by the ophthalmic artery aberrantly originated from the middle meningeal artery caused increased haemorrhage.
Assuntos
Adenoma/complicações , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Epistaxe/terapia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Adenoma/cirurgia , Angiografia/métodos , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Epistaxe/etiologia , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Masculino , Artérias Meníngeas/anormalidades , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Orbital arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare entity with only 17 cases reported so far. An arteriovenous hemangioma is a distinct entity of an angioma that most frequently affects the skin. However, to our knowledge, there has not been a case arising in the orbit. CASE DESCRIPTION: A previously healthy, 73-year-old man had progressive proptosis for 1 month. At presentation, the patient showed considerable proptosis, hyperemia in the lower eyelid, chemosis, and total ophthalmoplegia on the right side. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round retro-orbital mass, 23 mm in maximal dimension, and lying in the inferomedial aspect of the orbit with an irregular-shaped lesion in the orbital apex. Cerebral angiography detected an orbital AVF fed by the ipsilateral maxillary and ophthalmic arteries and draining into the inferior ophthalmic vein. Stain of the retro-orbital mass was not identified. A transvenous coil embolization via the facial and superior ophthalmic veins achieved complete isolation of the AVF with satisfactory outcome. Two months later, the orbital mass, well circumscribed and lacking perilesional hemosiderin deposition, was microsurgically resected via a lateral orbitotomy. Histological diagnosis was consistent with an arteriovenous hemangioma. CONCLUSIONS: An AVF and arteriovenous hemangioma may simultaneously develop in the same orbit. In patients with symptomatic orbital AVF and coexisting other orbital pathology, strategies should be carefully planned before setting about the treatment.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/complicações , Hemangioma/complicações , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Órbita/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Orbitárias/complicações , Veias/anormalidades , Idoso , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Exoftalmia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative resection or occlusion control is indispensable in the surgery of vascular anomalies. This can be conducted using local vascular imaging modalities or angiographic techniques. This series was performed to assess whether cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVFs) can be detected in a sufficient quality by intraoperative 3-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy with intravenous contrast application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients were included in the analysis (2 AVMs, 3 dAVFs). All patients had preoperative digital subtraction angiography. The head was fixed in a carbon MAYFIELD clamp. After a 3D rotational fluoroscopy scan without contrast agent, a second scan with 50 mL of iodine contrast agent was performed. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data of both scans were subtracted and reconstructed using the OsiriX imaging software. In 2 patients with dAVF, occlusion control was performed after obliteration of the fistula. RESULTS: In the 2 patients with cerebral AVM, 3D fluoroscopy with intravenous contrast administration resulted in good image quality. Preoperative embolization with Onyx produces significant artifacts that can be largely removed by simple digital subtraction techniques. In dural AVF, occlusion control was well feasible after obliteration of the draining vein at its dural origin. CONCLUSIONS: This technique quickly supplies intraoperative images of adequate quality to locate cerebral AVM and dAVF. However, it does not produce dynamic images. Thus, early draining veins cannot be located unless anatomically identified based on the preoperative DSA. In this case, it can be used for intraoperative obliteration control.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Dura-Máter/irrigação sanguínea , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Angiografia Digital/métodos , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Dura-Máter/anormalidades , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Feminino , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Infusões Intravenosas , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/terapia , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation, risks, and collateral pathway development of the congenital absence of the internal carotid artery (ICA). METHODS: Sixty-four patients (10 new patients and 54 patients from the relevant literature) were studied. Data on demographic, clinical, and radiologic features were collected, followed by an analysis of the risks associated with ICA agenesis. RESULTS: There were 31 male and 33 female patients whose ages ranged from 5 months to 75 years, with a mean age of 31.1 years. The range of clinical symptoms recorded included transient ischemic attack (17 patients), subarachnoid hemorrhage (12 patients), developmental delay (13 patients), asymptomatic (8 patients), and other symptoms (15 patients). All 64 patients presented with absence of unilateral or bilateral ICAs, as measured by cervical computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. The carotid canal was absent in all patients on computed tomography of the base of the skull, and abnormal development of collateral circulation pathways was observed. Five patients presented with basilar artery dilation on angiography. Aneurysms were observed in the angiography results from 16 patients. Ten patients presented with variations in the ophthalmic artery origin (the ophthalmic artery originated from the ipsilateral middle meningeal artery in six patients and from the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery in four patients). CONCLUSIONS: From analysis of our 10 cases of ICA agenesis and our review of the relevant literature, we conclude that young patients with ICA agenesis may present with developmental delay, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or other developmental abnormalities, whereas older patients most commonly present with transient neurologic events. Complications of carotid agenesis are related to specific anatomic subtypes and the resulting collateral circulation development.
Assuntos
Artéria Carótida Interna/anormalidades , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Circulação Colateral , Malformações Vasculares/fisiopatologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Doenças Assintomáticas , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/fisiopatologia , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/etiologia , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/fisiopatologia , Prognóstico , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/etiologia , Malformações Vasculares/complicações , Malformações Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Rarely, the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) arises from the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery, a condition described as carotid-ACA anastomosis or infraoptic course of the ACA that generally demonstrates right-sided predominance. We diagnosed a case of bilateral anastomoses of the carotid and ACA vessels in which bilateral ophthalmic arteries arose from the origins of the anastomotic vessels using magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. Identification of rare arterial variations on MR angiography requires careful scrutiny of source images, and creation of partial volume-rendering images can aid visualization of detailed anatomic structures.
Assuntos
Variação Anatômica , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/anormalidades , Artéria Carótida Interna/anormalidades , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Basilar/patologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Constrição Patológica/complicações , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Vertigem/diagnóstico , Vertigem/etiologiaRESUMO
Primary orbital arteriovenous malformations are a rare kind of vascular malformation lesions. The authors present a 17-year-old man presented with swelling and pulsation in the left upper eyelid. The angiogram of the left internal carotid artery showed that arteriovenous malformations at the left upper eyelid area were supplied with one of the branches of ophthalmic artery. In this report, the authors elaborated the comprehensive treatments of primary arteriovenous malformation.
Assuntos
Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Pálpebras/irrigação sanguínea , Artéria Oftálmica/anormalidades , Adolescente , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
A raised erythematous eyelid lesion that appeared in a 31-year-old man was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), with confirmatory Doppler ultrasound demonstrating high arterial flow. Surgical excision, aided by electrocautery for extensive hemorrhage, resulted in an acceptable cosmetic result. Histopathology of the excised lesion showed collapsed capillary channels lined by endothelium. AVM is rarely encountered in the eyelid.