Proton pump inhibitors and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with COVID-19 infection.

INTRODUCTION: The administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is anticipated to elevate an individual's susceptibility to enteric infections as a result of altering the gut flora. The influence of PPIs on the clinical manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still uncertain. This study aims to investigate the impact of PPI usage on the clinical manifestation of COVID-19, namely its gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional cohort study involving COVID-19 patients. Patients were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire that asked about their demographics, clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection, and the extent and type of PPIs in use. PPI usage was confirmed by reviewing patients' electronic medical records. The primary outcome was to establish any association between the use of PPI and the symptoms and clinical presentation of COVID-19. RESULTS: Out of a total of 254 participants, 69 (27.2%) were considered PPI users. Patients who were on PPI medications reported a significantly lower rate of myalgia (27.5% vs 51.9%; p = 0.0006) and heartburn (5.7% vs 15.6%; p = 0.03) but had a significantly higher rate of abdominal pain (27.5% vs 13.5%; p = 0.001) and diarrhoea (28.9% vs 14.5%, p = 0.02) when compared to those who were not using PPIs. Patients on PPIs were also shown to have significantly higher odds of developing diarrhoea (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.93, p = 0.02) and abdominal pain (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.93, p = 0.03), but a lower risk of developing myalgia (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9, p = 0.02) when compared to non-PPI users. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the use of PPIs could impact COVID-19 clinical presentation toward more gastrointestinal manifestations. Further studies investigating the link between other acid suppression medications and COVID-19 manifestations and severity should be carried out.

Efficacy of a Food Supplement Containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14, Peptides, and a Multivitamin Complex in Improving Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Related Outcomes and Quality of Life of Subjects Showing Mild-to-Moderate Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Dietary interventions represent an interesting alternative to pharmacological treatments for improving the quality of life (QoL) of subjects suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a food supplement (FS) containing a probiotic strain, bioactive peptides, and vitamins in relieving heartburn/dyspeptic symptoms in subjects with mild-to-moderate GERD. Fifty-six adult participants were randomly assigned to receive the placebo or the active FS for 28 days. Subjects were asked to record daily the frequency and intensity of heartburn episodes and the intake of over- the-counter (OTC) medications. GERD-QoL and self-assessment questionnaires were also completed every two weeks and at the end of the treatment, respectively. FS was effective in achieving a progressive and significant reduction of heartburn frequency and severity, with an intergroup significant difference at the end of the treatment period. FS group also reported a reduction in the OTC medication intake, whereas placebo administration did not modify the OTC intake. Results from the QoL and self-assessment questionnaires showed that FS administration achieved a progressive and statistically significant intragroup and intergroup improvement in the QoL score and a higher positive response with respect to the placebo treatment.

Diagnostic value associated with the combination of saliva pepsin and microorganisms in functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Heartburn is a common symptom shared by both gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional heartburn (FHB), which can make it challenging to differentiate between the two conditions. However, examining oral manifestations of GERD can be a cost-effective and readily available method to aid in this differentiation process. It may serve as a valuable tool in distinguishing GERD from FHB.

Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms among adolescents, the HUNT study.

BACKGROUND: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is recognized by symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation. These gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms (GORS) are common in adults, but data from adolescents are sparse. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of GORS among adolescents in a large and unselected population. METHODS: This study was based on the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), a longitudinal series of population-based health surveys conducted in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. This study included data from Young-HUNT4 performed in 2017-2019, where all inhabitants aged 13-19 years were invited and 8066 (76.0%) participated. The presence of GORS (any or frequent) during the past 12 months and tobacco smoking status were reported through self-administrated questionnaires, whereas body mass index (BMI) was objectively measured. RESULTS: Among 7620 participating adolescents reporting on the presence of GORS, the prevalence of any GORS and frequent GORS was 33.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.2 - 34.3%) and 3.6% (95% CI 3.2 - 4.0%), respectively. The risk of frequent GORS was lower among boys compared to girls (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.46 - 0.79), higher in current smokers compared to never smokers (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.10 - 2.93) and higher among obese compared to underweight/normal weight adolescents (OR 2.50; 95% CI 1.70 - 3.66). CONCLUSION: A considerable proportion of adolescents had GORS in this population-based study, particularly girls, tobacco smokers, and individuals with obesity, but frequent GORS was relatively uncommon. Measures to avoid tobacco smoking and obesity in adolescents may prevent GORS.

Beneficial Effect of Heat-Killed Lactic Acid Bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii No. 1088 on Temporal Gastroesophageal Reflux-Related Symptoms in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Study.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group clinical study was conducted to examine the effects of ingesting a heat-killed lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus johnsonii No. 1088 (LJ88) on temporal gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms in healthy volunteers. A total of 120 healthy Japanese volunteers of both sexes, aged between 21 and 63 years, whose Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (FSSG) total score was 8 or greater, but who were not diagnosed with functional dyspepsia according to the Rome IV classification, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to either the LJ88 or placebo group and instructed to ingest the test food (1 billion heat-killed LJ88 or placebo) once a day for six weeks. Gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms were evaluated using FSSG scores as a primary endpoint. The Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS), stomach state questionnaire, and serum gastrin concentration were used as secondary endpoints. In the FSSG evaluation, the heartburn score was significantly improved at 6 weeks in the LJ88 group compared to the placebo group. No severe adverse events related to the test food were observed. In conclusion, daily ingestion of heat-killed LJ88 improved temporal heartburn symptoms in non-diseased individuals.

Differences Between Patients with Heartburn Refractory to Vonoprazan and Those Refractory to Proton Pump Inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, demonstrates more potent acid inhibition than proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vonoprazan in patients with unproven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by comparing patients with vonoprazan-refractory heartburn with those with PPI-refractory heartburn. METHODS: This study included 104 consecutive patients with vonoprazan- or PPI-refractory heartburn (52 patients each), no erosive esophagitis on endoscopy and who underwent combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) testing with vonoprazan/PPI discontinuation. Patients' backgrounds, symptom scores from four questionnaires, MII-pH results and high-resolution manometry results were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The vonoprazan group demonstrated significantly higher GERD symptoms and scores of abdominal pain and diarrhea on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. MII-pH results revealed that the vonoprazan group demonstrated 40.4%, 17.3%, and 42.3% and the PPIs group exhibited 26.9%, 17.3%, and 55.8% of abnormal acid reflux [true non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)], reflux hypersensitivity and functional heartburn, respectively. The vonoprazan group demonstrated higher true NERD rates but with no significant difference (p = 0.307). Among the vonoprazan group, eight patients with true NERD underwent another MII-pH test on vonoprazan, and all cases demonstrated normal acid exposure times (0.0% [0.0-0.3]). CONCLUSION: Patients with unproven GERD with vonoprazan-refractory heartburn demonstrated more symptoms, including not only GERD symptoms but also functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, than those with PPI-refractory heartburn.

Behavioral Therapy for Functional Heartburn: Recommendation Statements.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Brain-gut behavior therapies (BGBT) are increasingly recognized as effective therapeutic interventions for functional heartburn. However, recommendations regarding candidacy for treatment, initial treatment selection, and navigating treatment non-response have not been established for functional heartburn specifically. The aim of this study was to establish expert-based recommendations for behavioral treatment in patients with functional heartburn. METHODS: The validated RAND/University of California, Los Angeles Appropriateness Method was applied to develop recommendations. A 15-member panel composed of 10 gastrointestinal psychologists and 5 esophageal specialists ranked the appropriateness of a series of statements on a 9-point interval scale over 2 ranking periods. Statements were within the following domains: pre-therapy evaluation, candidacy criteria for BGBT, selection of initial BGBT, role of additional therapy for initial non-response to BGBT, and role of pharmacologic neuromodulation. The primary outcome was appropriateness of each intervention based on the recommendation statements. RESULTS: Recommendations for psychosocial assessment (eg, hypervigilance, symptom-specific anxiety, health-related quality of life), candidacy criteria (eg, motivated for BGBT, acknowledges the role of stress in symptoms), and treatment were established. Gut-directed hypnotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy were considered appropriate BGBT for functional heartburn. Neuromodulation and/or additional BGBT were considered appropriate in the context of non-response. CONCLUSIONS: Gut-directed hypnotherapy and/or cognitive behavioral therapy are recommended as appropriate behavioral interventions for heartburn symptoms, depending on clinical indication, specific gut-brain targets, and preferred treatment modality (pharmacologic vs non-pharmacologic). Pre-therapy evaluation of psychosocial processes and candidacy for BGBT are important to determine eligibility for referral to psychogastroenterology services.

How Effective Is Drinking Natural Mineral Water against Heartburn from Functional Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or Other Causes? A Systematic Review of Clinical Intervention Studies.

BACKGROUND: For centuries, spring and other natural waters have been recommended as external or internal remedies for numerous diseases. For studies that examined the effects of drinking mineral waters against heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or functional dyspepsia, a systematic review is lacking. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of drinking natural mineral waters on heartburn from various causes by identifying all published intervention studies and critically appraising their methods as well as summarizing their results. METHODS: We systematically searched the largest medical literature database MEDLINE, further relevant web sources, and gray literature for randomized and nonrandomized trials, with or without control groups, up to September 2021 and no language restrictions. Further inclusion criteria were adult patients with heartburn, drinking cure with natural mineral water as the intervention, compared to no or other interventions (care-as-usual, waiting list). We defined the reduction of heartburn symptoms and duration of disease episodes as primary and quality of life as secondary outcomes. Two reviewers independently carried out the study quality assessments (risk of bias) using the National Institutes of Health-Study Quality Assessment Tools. RESULTS: Nine trials comprising 393 patients from Italy, Russia, Ukraine, and Germany fulfilled all inclusion criteria. We identified three randomized controlled trials (all with poor methodological quality), plus six before-after (pre/post) intervention studies without a control group. The intervention groups of the three comparative trials seemed to show a stronger reduction of self-reported heartburn symptoms, and duration of heartburn episodes than the respective control groups; however, they all had poor methodological quality. CONCLUSION: Based on the best available evidence of clinical studies, we cannot recommend or advise against drinking natural mineral waters as a treatment for heartburn. The potential benefits of natural mineral waters that were reported in some studies with a lower evidence level (e.g., lacking a control group) should be verified by good quality randomized clinical trials with adequate comparison groups and longer follow-up periods.Seit Jahrhunderten werden Quell- und andere natürliche Wässer als äußerliche oder innerliche Heilmittel für zahlreiche Krankheiten empfohlen. Für Studien, die die Wirkung des Trinkens von Mineralwasser gegen Sodbrennen, gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit (GERD) oder funktionelle Dyspepsie untersuchten, fehlt eine systematische Übersicht.Das Hauptziel dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit war es, die Auswirkungen von Trinkkuren mit natürlichen Mineralwässern auf Sodbrennen verschiedener Ursachen zu untersuchen, indem alle veröffentlichten Interventionsstudien identifiziert und ihre Methoden kritisch bewertet sowie ihre Ergebnisse zusammengefasst wurden.Wir durchsuchten systematisch die größte medizinische Literaturdatenbank MEDLINE, weitere relevante Internetquellen und graue Literatur nach randomisierten und nicht-randomisierten Studien, mit oder ohne Kontrollgruppen, bis September 2021 und ohne sprachliche Einschränkungen. Weitere Einschlusskriterien waren erwachsene Patienten mit Sodbrennen, Trinkkur mit natürlichem Mineralwasser als Intervention, im Vergleich zu keiner oder anderen Interventionen (care-as-usual, Warteliste). Wir definierten die Abnahme der Symptome des Sodbrennens und die Dauer der Krankheitsepisoden als primäre und die Lebensqualität als sekundäre Endpunkte. Zwei Gutachter bewerteten unabhängig voneinander die Qualität der Studien (Verzerrungsrisiko) anhand der National Institutes of Health-Study Quality Assessment Tools.Neun Studien mit 393 Patienten aus Italien, Russland, der Ukraine und Deutschland erfüllten alle Einschlusskriterien. Wir identifizierten drei randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (alle mit schlechter methodischer Qualität) sowie sechs Vorher-Nachher-Studien (Prä-/Post-Studien) ohne Kontrollgruppe. Die Interventionsgruppen der drei randomisierten Vergleichsstudien schienen eine stärkere Verringerung der selbstberichteten Symptome und der Dauer der Episoden des Sodbrennens zu zeigen als die jeweiligen Kontrollgruppen, allerdings waren sie alle von schlechter methodischer Qualität.Auf der Grundlage der besten verfügbaren Belege aus klinischen Studien können wir das Trinken natürlicher Mineralwässer zur Behandlung von Sodbrennen weder empfehlen noch davon abraten. Die potenziellen Vorteile natürlicher Mineralwässer, die in einigen Studien mit geringerer Evidenz (z. B. ohne Kontrollgruppe) berichtet wurden, sollten durch qualitativ hochwertige randomisierte klinische Studien mit angemessenen Vergleichsgruppen und längeren Nachbeobachtungszeiträumen überprüft werden.

Exploring the clinical relevance of "Angico Gum": an effective biopolymer for topical protection of oesophageal mucosa in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients.

OBJECTIVES: Angico gum (AG) (Anadenanthera colubrina var. Cebil [Griseb.] Altschul) is utilized by some Brazilian communities to alleviate symptoms from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the "in vitro" topical protective capacity of AG on human esophageal mucosa. METHODS: Biopsies of the distal esophageal mucosa were collected from 35 patients with heartburn (24 non-erosive and 11 with erosive oesophagitis (EE)) and mounted in Üssing chambers. AG was applied topically, followed by exposure with acid solution (pH 2.0 or pH 1.0), where transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and The transepithelial permeability for fluorescein was assessed. The incubation of the AG labeled with FITC in the esophageal mucosa was localized by fluorescence microscopy. KEY FINDINGS: Pretreatment with AG prevented the drop in TER induced by acid solution, as well as significantly decreases the fluorescein permeability in non-erosive patients. The protective effect of AG was sustained for up to 120 min both in biopsies of non-erosive and erosive esophagitis. Confocal microscope images showed mucosal luminal adherence of FITC-labeled AG. CONCLUSION: AG had a prolonged topical protective effect against acid solution in mucosal biopsies of patients with non-erosive and erosive esophagitis.

Risk factors associated with functional esophageal disorders (FED) versus gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

INTRODUCTION: Despite the high prevalence of typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), approximately 30% of patients have functional esophageal disorders (FED) on ambulatory reflux monitoring, which may include reflux hypersensitivity (RH; defined as physiologic acid exposure but temporally correlated symptoms of reflux), or functional heartburn (FH; defined as physiologic acid exposure and negative symptom correlation). There are limited epidemiological data characterizing these conditions. We investigated demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as medical comorbidities which may predispose to FED versus pathologic GERD. METHODS: Adult patients with reflux symptoms for at least 3 months were studied with 24-h pH-impedance testing from 11/2019 to 3/2021. Participants were categorized into pathologic GERD, FH, or RH using pH-impedance data and reported symptom correlation. Demographic data, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, zip code, insurance status, and medical comorbidity data were retrospectively retrieved from the electronic medical record on all participants. RESULTS: 229 patients were included. Non-Hispanic Asian ethnicity (OR 5.65; p = 0.01), underweight BMI (OR 7.33; p = 0.06), chronic pain (OR 2.33; p < 0.01), insomnia (OR 2.83; p = 0.06), and allergic rhinitis (OR 3.90; p < 0.01) were associated with a greater risk for FED. Overweight BMI (OR 0.48; p = 0.03) and alcohol use (OR 0.57; p = 0.06) were associated with a decreased risk for FED. DISCUSSION: This is the first report of a greater risk of FED in patients with underweight BMI, insomnia, chronic pain, allergic rhinitis, or of Asian or Hispanic ethnicities. The weak associations between female gender and anxiety are corroborated in other studies. Our findings enable clinicians to better screen patients with reflux for this disorder.

Roux-en-Y with or without jejunal J-pouch reconstruction after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term functional outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Increased survival of patients undergoing total gastrectomy for gastric cancer has prompted several efforts to improve long-term postgastrectomy syndrome (PGS) outcomes. Whether a J-pouch (JP) reconstruction may be more beneficial than a standard Roux-en-Y (RY) is controversial. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted, including studies reporting long-term outcomes of patients treated with total gastrectomy and JP vs RY esophagojejunostomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Primary endpoints were symptom control, weight loss, eating capacity (EC), and quality of life (QoL) with at least 6 months of follow-up. Safety endpoints were explored. RESULTS: Overall, 892 patients were included from 15 studies (6 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 9 non-RCTs): 452 (50.7%) in the JP group and 440 (49.3%) in the RY group. Compared with RY, JP showed a significantly lower rate of dumping syndrome (13.8% vs 26.9%, odds ratio [OR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.58; P < .001; I2 = 22%) and heartburn symptoms (20.4% vs 39.0%; OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14-0.64; P = .002; I2 = 0%). Reflux (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.28-1.32; P = .21; I2 = 42%) and epigastric fullness (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.18-2.05; P = .41; I2 = 69%) were similar in both groups. Weight loss and EC were similar between the groups. QoL outcome seemed to be burdened by bias. There was no difference in morbidity, mortality, and anastomotic leak rate between groups. Operative time was significantly longer for JP than for RY (271.9 vs 251.6 minutes, respectively; mean difference, 21.55; 95% CI, 4.64-38.47; P = .01; I2 = 96%). CONCLUSION: JP reconstruction after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer is as safe as RY and may provide an advantage in postgastrectomy dumping syndrome and heartburn symptoms.

Managing heartburn and reflux in primary care.

ABSTRACT: This article describes an algorithmic approach to caring for patients presenting with heartburn and reflux, including empiric treatment with acid-suppression therapy and a data-driven approach to diagnostic testing. This article also reviews the efficacy and safety profile of the widely available and commonly used proton pump inhibitors. Refining our approach to diagnostic testing can reduce time to diagnosis, better control patients' symptoms, and limit complications of longstanding disease.

Long-term clinical evaluation of laparoscopic management of large hiatal hernias.

BACKGROUND: Large hiatal hernias (LHH) account for 5-10% of all hiatal hernias. Surgery of LHH should be associated with low rates of postoperative complications and recurrences, to guarantee a favorable quality of life (QoL). Data on long-term results of laparoscopic repair of LHH are lacking. The objective of our study is to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of laparoscopic LHH management in a high-volume experienced center. METHODS: Patients who had undergone elective laparoscopic repair of LHH between January 1992 and December 2008 at the Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery of the Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy were included. Preoperative and intraoperative data were collected from patients' charts. Patients were clinically evaluated at long-term postoperative follow-up to assess control of symptoms, degree of satisfaction with surgery, and QoL. RESULTS: At mean follow-up of 240 months (range 168-348), 81 patients were available for clinical evaluation. Severe heartburn was reported by six patients (7.4%), while severe post-prandial epigastric pain by three (3.7%). Recurrent coughing episodes were described by six patients (7.4%), while occasional mild episodes of transient dysphagia by 13 (16%). No gas bloat detected. Proton Pump Inhibitors were taken by 22 patients (27.2%) to control symptoms. The Modified Italian Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life (MI-GERD-HRQL) score decreased significantly from 40 to 7 (P<0.0001) postoperatively. Satisfaction was achieved in 76 patients (93.8%) with an average satisfaction index of 8.6 (IQR 8-10). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic LHH repair is effective when performed in a specialized center, with long-lasting significant improvements of symptoms and QoL.

A new grading assessment of eosinophilic esophagitis using red dichromatic imaging: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The endoscopic reference score using white-light imaging (WLI) is utilized for objectively evaluating the severity of findings in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. A novel image-enhanced endoscopy technique, red dichromatic imaging (RDI), can visualize deeper vessels in the GI tract, which may assess edema more precisely than WLI. METHODS: A total of 21 consecutive patients with eosinophilic esophagitis were prospectively evaluated. Patients were categorized according to 3 grades based on the visibility of vessels with RDI. Clinical features, such as peak eosinophil counts and presence of symptoms, were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 10 patients with RDI Grade 0/1 and 11 patients with RDI Grade 2. Peak eosinophil counts and the prevalence of heartburn were significantly higher in patients with RDI Grade 2 than in patients with RDI Grade 0/1. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of eosinophilic infiltration could be predicted more precisely using RDI than by evaluations with WLI.

Laparoscopic Large Hiatal Hernia Repair With RefluxStop: Outcomes of Six Months Follow-up in Thirty Patients.

OBJECTIVE: The antireflux surgical technique with the RefluxStop device is one of the latest approaches to treating patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic hiatal hernia (HH) repair with the RefluxStop device in patients with GERD and concurrent large HH (≥4 cm). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for the first 30 patients with a large HH who consented and underwent HH surgery with the RefluxStop device. The operative technique and outcomes were evaluated to assess safety and feasibility, HH recurrence, dysphagia, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Between May 2020 and April 2022, 30 patients underwent laparoscopic HH repair with the RefluxStop device. All patients had typical symptoms of GERD, such as heartburn and regurgitation, and 15 patients (50%) had preoperative dysphagia. Median HH size was 5 cm (interquartile range, 4 to 5). Median operating time was 56 minutes (interquartile range, 52 to 63), with no intra and postoperative complications related to the device. One patient required laparotomy due to adhesions and associated bleeding when accessing the abdomen. All patients had postoperative imaging (video fluoroscopy) on postoperative day 1 and at 3 months, confirming the correct location of the RefluxStop device. One patient (3.3%) needed postoperative balloon dilatation due to severe dysphagia. Reflux symptoms (heartburn and acid regurgitation) resolved significantly in all patients ( P < 0.001) at 6 months. One episode of recurrence of HH (3.3%) occurred during the follow-up period of 6 months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the short-term safety and feasibility of laparoscopic HH repair with the RefluxStop device in patients with large HH, with a low rate of postoperative dysphagia and subsequent improvement or resolution of reflux symptoms in all patients.

Genetic diversity, morphological traits, quality traits and antioxidants potentiality of Coccinia grandis germplasm under rainfed semi-arid region.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for morphological and qualitative traits of Coccinia for development of trait specific lines at ICAR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CIAH-RS), Panchmahals (Godhra), Gujarat during 2020-2022. In this study, we evaluated 26 gynoecious accessions to assess the genetic divergence through principal component and cluster analysis. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed semi-arid conditions. High values of PCV and GCV were observed for variables such as NFFP (25.13 and 22.20), PL (23.14 and 20.69), FD (24.01 and 21.46), AFW (22.98 and 20.13), NFPY (26.38 and 24.40), FYP (37.57 and 31.29), FY (35.55 and 33.20), AsC (28.65 and 27.73), Ac (24.32 and 21.06), TSS (37.23 and 35.94), DPPHL (20.71 and 20.38), FRAPL (21.08 and 20.92), TPF(20.81 and 20.45) respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for vine length (VL), internodal length (IL), number of female flowers per plant (NFFP), fruit length (FL), peduncle length (PL), fruit diameter (FD), average fruit weight (AFW), number of fruit per plant per year (NFPY), fruit yield per plant (FYP), fruit yield (FY), ascorbic acid (AsC), acidity (Ac), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenols in leaves TPL), total flavonoids in leaves TFL, CUPRAC in leaves (CUPRACL), DPPH in leaves (DPPHL), FRAP in leaves (FRAPL), Total phenols in fruits (TPF), Total flavonoids in fruits (TFF), CUPRAC in fruits (CUPRACF) and DPPH in fruits (DPPHF). The FYP exhibited a significant positive correlation with variables like VL (0.6833), IL (0.2991), NFFP (0.8107), FD (0.5245), AFW (0.6766), NFPY (0.7659), ASC (0.4611), TSS (0.5004) and TPF (0.4281). The estimates of genetic parameters revealed scope for further improvement of fruit yield by selection. Of the eight principal components, PC-I through PC-VIII had eigen values greater than 1 and it accounts 85.02% of the total variation for 26 gynoecious accessions of Ivy gourd. The eigen values of PC-I comprised 5.775% of total variation followed by PC-II (4.250%), PC-III (3.175%), PC-IV (2.588%), PC-V (1.828%), PC-VI (1.447%), PC-VII (1.179%) and PC-VIII (1.013%).The cluster VI and cluster I having highest mean values for most of traits under study. Thus, genotypes from the distinct cluster like cluster VI and I for should be used for selection of parents and varietal improvement for further breeding programme in ivy gourd.

Clinical value of random esophageal biopsies in patients with dysphagia and normal endoscopy who are treated with a proton pump inhibitor.

Rome IV recommended esophageal biopsies in patients with dysphagia and normal endoscopy to exclude mucosal disease. Thus far, studies evaluating the utility of this recommendation remain scarce. The aims of this study were to determine the value of random esophageal biopsies in heartburn patients with dysphagia and normal endoscopy and compare the yield of random esophageal biopsies between younger versus older patients. Data were collected from consecutive patients presenting with dysphagia, 18 years and older, who were on proton pump inhibitors and had normal upper endoscopy. Biopsy results of patients with and without heartburn were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare normal versus abnormal biopsy results in younger and older patients accounting for confounding variables. The number of abnormal biopsies was significantly higher than normal biopsies (68% and 32%, respectively, P = 0.0001). Among abnormal biopsy results, microscopic gastroesophageal reflux disease was significantly more common than all other findings (39%, P = 0.0495). There was no significant difference in biopsy results in patients with and without heartburn as well as younger versus older patients (P = 0.3384, P = 0.1010, and P = 0.8468, respectively). Our study demonstrated that most patients with dysphagia and normal upper endoscopy who are on proton pump inhibitor have some type of histologic mucosal abnormality, which can direct future management. Among abnormal biopsies, microscopic reflux was by far the most common finding in patients with or without a history of heartburn. While this supports the management strategy proposed by Rome IV, age did not drive esophageal biopsy results.

The Effect of Dexlansoprazole on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of dexlansoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor-PPI) in resolving heartburn, reflux, and other symptoms and complications resulting from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The study followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020206513). The search strategy used MeSH and free terms appropriately adapted for each database. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The Cochrane tool (RoB 2.0) was used to assess the risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE. Ten RCTs were included. Dexlansoprazole outperformed the placebo and other PPIs in the resolution of heartburn and reflux symptoms in patients with GERD, with benefits during and after treatment, especially in those with moderate and severe symptoms. The meta-analyses indicated that dexlansoprazole at doses of 30 and 60 mg had more 24 h heartburn-free days and nights compared to the placebo medications; no difference was reported between dexlansoprazole at doses of 30 and 60 mg in heartburn-free nights. A low bias risk and a moderate certainty of evidence were observed. This review confirms the therapeutic effect of dexlansoprazole (placebo-controlled) and its improvements in GERD symptoms compared to another PPI. However, the interpretation of the results should be carried out cautiously due to the small number of included studies and other reported limitations.