RESUMO
New 2-(4-benzothiazol-2-yl-phenoxy)-1-(3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethanones (9a-o) have been designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by thin layer chromatography and spectral analysis. The antiepileptic potential of the synthesized compounds has been tested by following standard animal screening models, including maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) models. The neurotoxic and antidepression effects of the synthesized compounds were checked by utilizing rotarod apparatus, and motor impairment test (by actophotometer) respectively. The study concluded that compounds 9c, 9d, 9f, 9i, 9n, and 9o possessed good antiepileptic potential compared to standard drugs like carbamazepine and phenytoin. The results of the rotarod performance test also established them without any neurotoxicity. The motor impairment test revealed that the synthesized compounds are also good antidepressants. In-silico studies have been performed for calculation of pharmacophore pattern, prediction of pharmacokinetic properties which determine the eligibility of synthesized compounds as orally administered molecules and interactions with the target proteins. The result of in-silico studies reinforced results obtained by inâ vivo study of the synthesized compounds and their possible mechanism of antiepileptic action i. e. via inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes , Benzotiazóis , Pirazóis , Anticonvulsivantes/química , Anticonvulsivantes/síntese química , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Animais , Benzotiazóis/química , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Benzotiazóis/farmacologia , Benzotiazóis/síntese química , Camundongos , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pentilenotetrazol , Eletrochoque , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Aim: The present study describes benzothiazole derived thiazolidinone based thiadiazole derivatives (1-16) as anti-Alzheimer agents.Materials & methods: Synthesis of benzothiazole derived thiazolidinone based thiadiazole derivatives was achieved using the benzothiazole bearing 2-amine moiety. These synthesized compounds were confirmed via spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR and HREI-MS). These compounds were biologically evaluated for their anti-Alzheimer potential. Binding interactions with proteins and drug likeness of the analogs were explored through molecular docking and ADMET analysis, respectively. In the novel series, compound-3 emerged as the most potent inhibitor when compared with other derivatives of the series.Conclusion: The present study provides potent anti-Alzheimer's agents that can be further optimized to discover novel anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
[Box: see text].
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Benzotiazóis , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Tiadiazóis , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Tiadiazóis/química , Tiadiazóis/farmacologia , Tiadiazóis/síntese química , Benzotiazóis/química , Benzotiazóis/farmacologia , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Benzotiazóis/síntese química , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazolidinas/química , Tiazolidinas/farmacologia , Tiazolidinas/síntese química , Estrutura Molecular , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/síntese química , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inibidores , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismoRESUMO
Robusta coffee blossom honey stands as a key regional product in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Despite its significance, there exists a dearth of scientific data for assessing its quality. This study aims to fill this gap by characterizing the physicochemical properties and biological activities of coffee blossom honeys from three distinct sub-regions within Dak Lak province, Vietnam. These activities include ferric reducing power (FRP), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, as well as tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Moreover, the study compares these honey samples with other popular varieties in Vietnam, such as Lychee and Longan honeys. The physicochemical parameters of the honey samples meet the standards set by Codex Alimentarius 2001. Through UPLC analysis, eleven compounds were identified, with caffeine serving as a marker for coffee honey. Furthermore, by employing multiple factor analysis (MFA), it was observed that certain physicochemical properties correlate positively with tyrosinase inhibitory, DPPH, ABTS free radicals scavenging activities, and FRP. Notably, tyrosinase inhibitory activity exhibited a positive correlation with antioxidant activity. These findings underscore the high quality of Coffea robusta honey, showcasing its potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Mel , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Benzotiazóis/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Café/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Flores/química , Mel/análise , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , VietnãRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Marine actinomycetes are among indispensable sources of natural bioactive compounds with unique antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities. OBJECTIVE: Herein, it was aimed to elucidate the bioactive potential of a marine-derived Streptomyces ovatisporus S4702T, isolated previously. METHODS: Streptomyces ovatisporus S4702T was cultured in N-Z Amine broth, and extraction was carried out using different organic solvents. Bioassay-guided purification was followed by chemical characterization using NMR and LC-MS/MS. The compound was then evaluated for its antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. RESULTS: Etyl acetate extracts gave the highest antibacterial activity, and chemical characterization of this extract indicated the formula as C15H29O5N3 and the corresponding possible molecular structure as 4H-chromen-4-one derivative. It was found highly potent against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC: 0.25 µg ml-1) and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 (MBC: 0.5 µg ml-1). It has no remarkable antioxidant activity, but a higher EC50 value and less cytotoxicity against normal cells. The EC50 values of this chromen derivative were found as 9.68 µg ml-1 for human colon carcinoma, 9.93 µg ml-1 for human prostate adenocarcinoma and 25.5 µg ml-1 for human embryonic kidney cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, the presented 4H-chromen-4-one derivative is a remarkable bioactive compound with potent antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. With its high bioactive potential, it is proposed as a good candidate in medicine.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cromonas/farmacologia , Streptomyces/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cromonas/química , Cromonas/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Fenetilaminas/antagonistas & inibidores , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Polymeric Pickering emulsifiers may bring new insights to emulsion theory and practice due to their soft characters. Herein, a group of soft Pickering emulsifiers, chitosan-casein hydrophobic peptides nanoparticles (CS-CHP NPs) were prepared with a non-covalent anti-solvent procedure. The CS-CHP NPs provided the contact angles of 37.2°-87.4°, stabilizing O/W or W/O emulsions with enhanced thermal stability, endowing the emulsion with pH and CO2/N2 responsiveness. The emulsifying behavior and mechanism presented by CS-CHP NPs were different from that of ordinary hard Pickering emulsifiers, where the appropriate contact angle was 37.2° instead of 87.4° for stabilizing O/W emulsions. Moreover, the nanoparticles possess antioxidant, antibacterial activities and excellent biocompatibility. DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity of the CS-CHP NPs were >220% of that of CS NPs. The last, the emulsion provided high-efficient encapsulation of curcumin, making the soft Pickering emulsifiers a group candidate for drug delivery in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Materiais Biocompatíveis/síntese química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Caseínas/química , Caseínas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Emulsões , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nanopartículas/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Oxidative stress is linked to several invasive diseases which causes significant clinical and economic impact, therefore, there is a need to develop new antioxidants. The natural products could play an important role in overcoming the current need. In the present work, the antioxidant bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of Inula viscosa leaves (Asteraceae) was performed using DPPH and ABTS assays affording three known compounds, which were successfully characterized as ilicic acid (1), taxifolin (2) and quercetin (3) based on 1D, 2D NMR. Compounds 2 and 3 were identified as the most active, displaying similar or higher potency against ABTS (value 41.27 for quercetin and 142.58 for taxifolin) and similar activity against DPPH (value 41.27 for quercetin and 142.58 for taxifolin) than the well-known reference, ascorbic acid (value 65.36 for quercetin and 58.43 for taxifolin) but less potency than the standard gallic acid. The discussion of SAR of the antioxidant potential revealed that the type of natural product is crucial for the activity and the substitution pattern on the flavonoid skeleton modulate the antioxidant profile. Our findings show that I. viscosa leaves may be a natural source of antioxidants and once again the role of flavonoids health benefits is more strongly endorsed.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inula/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estrutura Molecular , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Polydopamine (PDA) materials are important due to their unique physicochemical properties and their potential as chemopreventive agents for diseases connected with oxidative stress. Although PDA has been suggested to display antioxidant activity, its efficacy is controversial and its mechanism of action is still unclear. Herein, we report that accurately purified PDA nanoparticles in water at pH 7.4 are unable to quench alkylperoxyls (ROOË), which are the radicals responsible for the propagation of lipid peroxidation, despite PDA reacting with the model DPPHË and ABTSË+ radicals. PDA nanoparticles prepared by copolymerization of dopamine with the dialkyl nitroxide 4-NH2TEMPO show instead good antioxidant activity, thanks to the ROOË trapping ability of the nitroxide. Theoretical calculations performed on a quinone-catechol dimer, reproducing the structural motive of PDA, indicate a reactivity with ROOË similar to catechol. These results suggest that PDA nanoparticles have an "onion-like" structure, with a catechol-rich core, which can be reached only by DPPHË and ABTSË+, and a surface mainly represented by quinones. The importance of assessing the antioxidant activity by inhibited autoxidation studies is also discussed.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Polímeros/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/química , Teste de Materiais , Estrutura Molecular , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Polímeros/síntese química , Polímeros/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The study's purpose was to find and create a nourishing fruit juice made from avocado to suit nutritional and health demands. In this regard, the avocado juice was formulated using a statistical technique, and its biochemical and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated. Statistically formulated fruit juice was evaluated for its sensory characteristics, proximate composition, nutrients and vitamins, total phenols and flavonoids, and for its antioxidant ability, in addition to a shelf-life test. The optimal amount of all ingredients included in the mathematical model for the preparation of the juice was 150 g of Persea americana (Avocado) fruit pulp, 12.5 g of honey and 100 mL of water. In fact, the composition of avocado juice was found to have higher phenolic (910.36 ± 0.215 mg EAG g-1/mL) and flavonoid (56.32 ± 1.26 mg QE g-1/ mL) amounts. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant assays tended to be high compared with a standard. The shelf-life analysis indicated that the processed avocado juice (V7) had a long shelf life. In view of all these merits, a statistically formulated recipe for avocado fruit juice was recommended for the formulation of the most preferred health drink.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Persea/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Composição de Medicamentos , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Recuperação de Fluorescência Após Fotodegradação , Humanos , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The current study aimed to explore the crude oils obtained from the n-hexane fraction of Scutellaria edelbergii and further analyzed, for the first time, for their chemical composition, in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and in vivo anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. For the phytochemical composition, the oils proceeded to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and from the resultant chromatogram, 42 bioactive constituents were identified. Among them, the major components were linoleic acid ethyl ester (19.67%) followed by ethyl oleate (18.45%), linolenic acid methyl ester (11.67%), and palmitic acid ethyl ester (11.01%). Tetrazolium 96-well plate MTT assay and agar-well diffusion methods were used to evaluate the isolated oil for its minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), and zone of inhibitions that could determine the potential antimicrobial efficacy's. Substantial antibacterial activities were observed against the clinical isolates comprising of three Gram-negative bacteria, viz., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one Gram-positive bacterial strain, Enterococcus faecalis. The oils were also effective against Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum when evaluated for their antifungal potential. Moreover, significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 136.4 and 161.5 µg/mL for extracted oil was evaluated through DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and ABTS assays compared with standard ascorbic acid where the IC50 values were 44.49 and 67.78 µg/mL, respectively, against the tested free radicals. The oils was also potent, inhibiting the α-glucosidase (IC50 5.45 ± 0.42 µg/mL) enzyme compared to the standard. Anti-glucosidase potential was visualized through molecular docking simulations where ten compounds of the oil were found to be the leading inhibitors of the selected enzyme based on interactions, binding energy, and binding affinity. The oil was found to be an effective anti-inflammatory (61%) agent compared with diclofenac sodium (70.92%) via the carrageenan-induced assay. An appreciable (48.28%) analgesic activity in correlation with the standard aspirin was observed through the acetic acid-induced writhing bioassay. The oil from the n-hexane fraction of S. edelbergii contained valuable bioactive constituents that can act as in vitro biological and in vivo pharmacological agents. However, further studies are needed to uncover individual responsible compounds of the observed biological potentials which would be helpful in devising novel drugs.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/análise , Antifúngicos/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/análise , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Scutellaria/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Carragenina , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hexanos/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
Quinazolinones represent an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry with diverse biological activities. Here, two series of 2-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant properties using three different methods, namely DPPH, ABTS and TEACCUPRAC, to obtain key information about the structure-antioxidant activity relationships of a diverse set of substituents at position 2 of the main quinazolinone scaffold. Regarding the antioxidant activity, ABTS and TEACCUPRAC assays were more sensitive and gave more reliable results than the DPPH assay. To obtain antioxidant activity of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, the presence of at least one hydroxyl group in addition to the methoxy substituent or the second hydroxyl on the phenyl ring in the ortho or para positions is required. An additional ethylene linker between quinazolinone ring and phenolic substituent, present in the second series (compounds 25a and 25b), leads to increased antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in addition to antioxidant activity, the derivatives with two hydroxyl groups in the ortho position on the phenyl ring exhibited metal-chelating properties. Our study represents a successful use of three different antioxidant activity evaluation methods to define 2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one 21e as a potent antioxidant with promising metal-chelating properties.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Quinazolinonas/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Estrutura Molecular , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinazolinonas/síntese química , Quinazolinonas/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Hazelnut shells represent a waste material (about 42% of the total biomass) deriving from hazelnut harvest. These are mainly used as a heating source; however, they represent an interesting source of polyphenols useful in health field. The impact on phenolic profile and concentrations of hazelnut shell extracts obtained by three extraction methods (maceration, ultrasonic bath, and high-power ultrasonic), as well as temperature, extraction time, and preventive maceration, was studied. The prepared extracts were characterized in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Eighteen different phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by chemical analysis and gallic acid was the most abundant in all the extracts analyzed. Other relevant compounds were chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechin. Preventive maceration had a positive effect on the extraction of different types of compounds regardless of the method performed. Application of the high-power ultrasonic method had different effects, either positive or negative, depending on the type of compound and extraction time. All the prepared extracts showed antioxidant activity especially those prepared by maceration, and many of them were able to inhibit the growth of both B. subtilis and B. cereus.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacillus subtilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Corylus/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Phenolic compounds present in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been reported to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protective properties. UVR from sunlight, which consists of UV-B and UV-A radiations, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical formation, consequently activating proteinases and enzymes such as elastase and tyrosinase, leading to premature skin aging. The objective of this work was to extract, characterize and evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging potential of polyphenols from a black bean endemic variety. The polyphenolic extract was obtained from black beans by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 with a mixture of water-ethanol as a cosolvent and conventional leaching with a mixture of water-ethanol as solvent. The polyphenolic extracts were purified and characterized, and antioxidant potential, tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory potentials were measured. The extract obtained using the SFE method using CO2 and H2O-Ethanol (50:50 v/v) as a cosolvent showed the highest total phenolic compounds yield, with 66.60 ± 7.41 mg GAE/g coat (p > 0.05) and 7.30 ± 0.64 mg C3GE/g coat (p < 0.05) of anthocyanins compared to conventional leaching. Nineteen tentative phenolic compounds were identified in leaching crude extract using ESI-QTOF. Quercetin-3-D-galactoside was identified in crude and purified extracts. The purified SFC extract showed IC50 0.05 ± 0.002 and IC50 0.21 ± 0.008 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The lowest IC50 value of tyrosinase inhibition was 0.143 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.005 ± 0.003 mg/mL of elastase inhibition for leaching purified extract. Phenolic compounds presented theoretical free energy values ranging from -5.3 to -7.8 kcal/mol for tyrosinase and -2.5 to -6.8 kcal/mol for elastase in molecular docking (in silico) studies. The results suggest that the purified extracts obtained by SFE or conventional leaching extraction could act as antioxidant and antiaging ingredients for cosmeceutical applications.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Phaseolus/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Cromatografia com Fluido Supercrítico , Etanol/química , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Raios Ultravioleta , Água/químicaRESUMO
The genus Nothofagus is one of the most abundant in the subantarctic Patagonian forests. Five species inhabit these ecosystems, three evergreen (Nothofagus betuloides, Nothofagus dombeyi, and Nothofagus nitida) and two deciduous (Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica). This is the first report on the levels of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant capacity of Patagonian tree species growing in natural environments. The aim of this work was to carry out a phytochemical screening, to determine the antioxidant capacity, the sun protection factor, and the α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of foliar extracts of the five previous species. Besides, Aristotelia chilensis and Berberis microphylla, two species of Patagonian shrubs growing in the same forests, were used as reference. N. dombeyi was the Nothofagus with the best antioxidant capacity. B. microphylla differed from all studied species. Moreover, the Nothofagus was split into two groups. N. betuloides and N. dombeyi are the most similar species to A. chilensis. The α-glucosidase was completely inhibited by all studied extracts. Furthermore, N. antarctica, N.pumilio, and N. nitida inhibited about 70% of the tyrosinase activity. All the results found in this study for the species of the genus Nothofagus support further research on their potential beneficial properties for human health.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Árvores/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Chile , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Florestas , Humanos , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Especificidade da Espécie , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Árvores/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
According to French Paradox, red wine was famous for the potential effects on coronary heart disease (CHD), but the specific compounds against CHD were unclear. Therefore, screening and characterization of bioactive compounds from red wine was extremely necessary. In this paper, the multi-activity integrated strategy was developed and validated to screen, identify and quantify active compounds from red wine by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fraction collector (UHPLC-FC), ultra fast liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF/MS) and bioactive analysis. UHPLC-FC was employed to separate and collect the components from red wine, which was further identified by UFLC-Q-TOF/MS to acquire their structural information. Furthermore, the active fractions were tested for antioxidant activity, inhibitory activity against thrombin and lipase activities in vitro by the activity screening kit. As the results, there were 37 fractions had antioxidant activity, 22 fractions had thrombin inhibitory activity and 28 fractions had lipase inhibitory activity. Finally, 77 active components from red wine were screened and 12 ingredients out of them were selected for quantification based on the integration of multi-activity. Collectively, the multi-activity integrated strategy was helpful for the rapid and effective discovery of bioactive components, which provided reference for exploring the health care function of food.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Trombina/antagonistas & inibidores , Vinho/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/análise , Lipase/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Trombina/metabolismoRESUMO
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death depending on elevated iron (Fe2+) and lipid peroxidation levels. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has been shown to be closely associated with ferroptosis. Therefore, antiferroptosis agents are considered to be a new strategy for managing myocardial I/R injury. Here, we developed polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) as a new type of ferroptosis inhibitor for cardioprotection. The PDA NPs features intriguing properties in inhibiting Fe2+ accumulation and restoring mitochondrial functions in H9c2 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that administration of PDA NPs effectively reduced Fe2+ deposition and lipid peroxidation in a myocardial I/R injury mouse model. In addition, the myocardial I/R injury in mice was alleviated by PDA NPs treatment, as demonstrated by reduced infarct size and improved cardiac functions. The present work indicates the therapeutic effects of PDA NPs against myocardial I/R injury via preventing ferroptosis.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas/química , Polímeros/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estrutura Molecular , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/patologia , Tamanho da Partícula , Polímeros/síntese química , Polímeros/química , Substâncias Protetoras/síntese química , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Pomelo seeds (PS) are important by-product of pomelo fruits (Citrus grandis Osbeck). The value-added utilization of PS remains highly challenged. This study aimed to investigate the utilization potential of PS as natural antioxidant, antibacterial, herbicidal agents, and their functional components. The ethanolic extract (EE) of PS and its four fractions as PEE (petroleum ether extract), AcOEtE (ethyl acetate extract), BTE (butanol extract), and WE (water extract), were prepared and biologically evaluated. BTE exhibited the best antioxidant activity among all these extracts, in both ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. AcOEtE was superior to other extracts in herbicidal assay against both Festuca elata Keng (IC50 of 0.48â mg mL-1 ) and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (IC50 of 0.94â mg mL-1 ). Meanwhile, both AcOEtE and BTE demonstrated inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, with MIC ranging 2.5-5.0â mg mL-1 . Furthermore, the primary chemical components involving naringin, deacetylnomilin, limonin, nomilin, and obacunone, were quantified in all these extracts. PCA (principal component analysis) suggested that naringin might highly contribute to the antioxidant activity of PS, and the herbicidal activity should be ascribed to limonoids. This study successfully identified AcOEtE and BTE as naturally occurring antioxidant, antibacterial, and herbicidal agents, showing application potential in food and cosmetics industries, and organic farming agriculture.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Citrus/química , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Amaranthus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus subtilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Festuca/efeitos dos fármacos , Herbicidas/química , Herbicidas/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Xanthomonas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present work describes medicinal potential and secondary metabolic picture of the methanol extract (PP-M) of Polygonum plebeium R.Br. and its fractions; hexane (PP-H), ethyl acetate (PP-E) and water (PP-W). In total bioactive component estimation, highest contents of phenolic (89.38±0.27â mgGAE/g extract) and flavonoid (51.21±0.43â mgQE/g extract) were observed in PP-E, and the same fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant potential in DPPH (324.80±4.09â mgTE/g extract), ABTS (563.18±11.39â mgTE/g extract), CUPRAC (411.33±15.49â mgTE/g extract) and FRAC (369.54±1.70â mgTE/g extract) assays. In Phosphomolybdenum activity assay, PP-H and PP-E showed nearly similar potential, however, PP-H was the most active (13.54±0.24â mgEDTAE/g extract) in metal chelating activity assay. PP-W was the stronger inhibitor (4.03±0.05â mgGALAE/g extract) of the enzyme AChE, while PP-H was potent inhibitor of BChE (5.62±0.27â mg GALAE/g extract). Interestingly, PP-E was inactive against BChE. Against tyrosinase activity, PP-E was again the most active fraction with inhibitory value of 71.89±1.44â mg KAE/g extract, followed by the activity of PP-M and PP-W. Antidiabetic potential was almost equally distributed among PP-M, PP-H and PP-E. For mapping the chemodiversity of P.â plebeium, PP-M was analyzed through UHPLC/MS, which led to the identification of more than 50 compounds. Flavonoids were the main components derived from isovitexin, kaempferol and luteolin however, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, gingerols and lyoniresinol 9'-sulfate were among important bioactive phenols. These findings prompted to conclude that Polygonum plebeium can be a significant source to offer new ingredient for nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Polygonum/química , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Butirilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
The Himalayan wild berries Myrica esculenta, Duchesnea indica, Prunus cerasoides, and Berberis lycium were studied for the first time for polyphenolic compositions using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The chemical analysis of extracts resulted in the identification of 69 polyphenols, including 11 anthocyanins, 28 phenolic acids, 19 flavanoids, 10 ellagitannins, and 1 dihydrochalcone. The caffeoylquinic acids, quercetin, kaempferol, and cyanidin are the common moieties in studied wild berries. In addition, seven phenolic compounds, that is, gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, quercetin, and myricetin were quantified. Among anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the majorly quantified anthocyanin that ranged from 2.52 to 6.18% followed by delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (0.6%-5.53%). The samples were assessed for total phenolics, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant potential. The results showed that M. esculenta and B. lycium had the highest total phenolic and anthocyanin content and exhibited promising antioxidant activity with IC50 of 32.100 ± 0.42 and 48.44 ± 0.46 µg/mL, respectively. Principal component analysis was able to clearly differentiate between four underutilized Himalayan wild edible berries. The wide variability of polyphenolic constituents supports the consumption of these berries not only to achieve the nutrient requirements among local people but also as promising sources of antioxidants for the food industry.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Recuperação de Fluorescência Após Fotodegradação , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of crude extract and fractions of Punica granatum leaves. The extract was produced by turbo extraction, after which hexanic, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions were obtained by partitioning. The chemical analyses were performed by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and the antioxidant activities were assayed by DPPH. and ABTS.+ . Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) were applied to twenty-two bacteria. Most strains susceptible to extract/fractions and resistant to antibiotics were selected, and ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were associated with the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) against multidrug-resistant strains in modulatory and checkboard models. The data from chromatographic analyses showed flavonoids and tannins in the extract, as well as the enrichment of EAF in phenols, mainly flavonoids. The flavonoids were connected to the electron transfer activity demonstrated in the DPPH. and ABTS.+ assays. Gram-positive strains are more susceptible to EAF. The subinhibitory concentrations of P. granatum enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the agents and reduced the EAF individual MIC, and the combination of EAF and antibiotics demonstrated a synergistic effect. These results present a promising approach for developing a therapy in which antioxidant extracts and fractions can be used in combination with antibiotics.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Lythraceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Benzotiazóis/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
6-Gingerol (1) is one of the major components in ginger and developing new synthetic methodologies could bring semisynthetic analogs with improved therapeutic properties. Towards this, multigram scale isolation of 6-gingerol with excellent purity was optimized using a simple and robust extraction, followed by column purification. Synthesis of 6-gingerdione, 7 from 6-gingerol was then achieved through selective -OTBDMS protection, DMP oxidation and deprotection reaction sequence for the first time. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 (dehydrozingerone) exhibited excellent cell-free antioxidant properties in DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging assay and H2 O2 assay at 10-50â µM concentrations. The hemolytic study suggests that up to 50â µM, all three compounds did not exhibit toxicity to human erythrocytes. When H2 O2 treated zebrafish larvae groups (96hpf) were exposed to compounds 1, 7 and 8, it increases the SOD (19, 19.1 and 18.7â U/mg protein), CAT (18.1, 16.5, and 15.8â µmol/mg levels and decreases the lipid peroxidation level (13, 15 and 18â nmol/mg protein), respectively. In vivo ROS levels and degree of cell death were studied using DCFDA and Acridine orange assays. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 decreases the ROS and cell death level significantly. Taken together, compounds 1, 7 and 8 exhibit excellent antioxidant properties, counteract H2 O2 induced oxidative stress, reduces cell death in zebrafish larvae.