RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patient portals provide parents access to their child's health information and direct communication with providers. Our study aimed to improve portal activation rates of newborns during nursery hospitalization to >70% over 6 months. Secondarily, we describe the facilitators and barriers to portal use. METHODS: The study design used a mixed-methodology framework of quality improvement (QI) and cross-sectional analyses. The Model for Improvement guided QI efforts. The primary outcome was the proportion of portals activated for newborns during nursery hospitalization. Interventions included portal activation algorithm, staff huddles, and documentation templates. Telephone interviews were conducted with a randomized sample of mothers of infants who activated the portal. These mothers were divided into portal "users" and "nonusers." We examined sociodemographic variables and health care utilization outcomes in the 2 groups. RESULTS: Portal activation increased from 12.9% to 85.4% after interventions. Among 482 mothers with active portals, 127 (26.3%) were interviewed. Of those, 70% (89 of 127) reported using the portal, and 85.4% (76 of 89) found it useful. Reasons for accessing the portal included checking appointments and reviewing test results. Lack of knowledge of portal functionality was the main barrier to portal use (42.1%). Portal users were less likely to have a no-show to primary care appointments compared with nonusers (44.9% versus 78.9%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Portal activation rates increased after QI interventions in the nursery. Most parents accessed the portal and found it useful. Portals can improve health care delivery and patient engagement in the newborn period.
Assuntos
Portais do Paciente , Melhoria de Qualidade , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Portais do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Adulto , Berçários Hospitalares , MãesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that the impact of maternal mental health disorders on newborns' well-being in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) are underreported, multi-dimensional and varies over time and differs from what is reported in high-income countries. We present the prevalence and risk factors associated with common mental disorders (CMDs) among breastfeeding mothers whose infants were admitted to Nigerian tertiary care facilities. METHODS: This was a national cross-sectional study involving mothers of hospitalised babies from eleven Nigerian tertiary hospitals. We used the WHO self-reporting Questionnaire 20 and an adapted WHO/UNICEF ten-step breastfeeding support package to assess mothers' mental health and breastfeeding support. RESULTS: Only 895 of the 1,120 mothers recruited from eleven tertiary healthcare nurseries in six geopolitical zones of Nigeria had complete datasets for analysis. The participants' mean age was 29.9 ± 6.2 years. One in four had CMDs; 24.0% (95% CI: 21.235, 26.937%). The ages of mothers, parity, gestational age at delivery, and length of hospital stay were comparable between mothers with and those without CMDs. Antenatal care at primary healthcare facilities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR:13], primary education [aOR:3.255] living in the south-southern region of the country [aOR 2.207], poor breastfeeding support [aOR:1.467], polygamous family settings [aOR:2.182], and a previous history of mental health disorders [aOR:4.684] were significantly associated with CMDs. In contrast, those from the middle and lower socioeconomic classes were less likely to develop CMDs, with [aOR:0.532] and [aOR:0.493], respectively. CONCLUSION: In Nigeria, the prevalence of CMDs is relatively high among breastfeeding mothers with infants admitted to a tertiary care facility. Prior history of mental illness, polygamous households, mothers living in the southern region and low or no educational attainment have a greater risk of developing CMDs. This study provides evidence for assessing and tailoring interventions to CMDs among breastfeeding mothers in neonatal nurseries in LMIC.
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Aleitamento Materno , Transtornos Mentais , Lactente , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Estudos Transversais , Berçários Hospitalares , Mães/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In 2017, a worldwide survey was conducted on compliance with the practices promoted by Neo-BFHI (Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative expansion to neonatal wards). OBJECTIVE: To present the results of the Spanish wards that participated in the global survey and compare them with those obtained internationally. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study through a survey on compliance with the Neo-BFHI ("Three basic principles", "Ten steps adapted to neonatal wards" and "the compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes" and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions). Compliance was calculated as the mean in each indicator and a final mean score for each neonatal unit. For the partial and final scores for each country and at the international level, the median was used. All scores ranged between 0 and 100. RESULTS: The response rate in Spain was 90%. The range of the national mean for neonatal wards were from 37 to 99, with no differences in the final score according to the level of care. The global score for Spain (72) is below the international median (77) and this also occurs in 8 of 14 items. The neonatal wards from BFHI designated hospitals, obtained a significantly higher mean global score, and in 9 of 14 items than the non-accredited ones. CONCLUSIONS: Both international and national results indicate an improvement in breast feeding practices in neonatal units. The benefits of the BFHI accreditation of maternity reach neonatal wards. Spain has several key points below the international score.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Promoção da Saúde , Berçários Hospitalares , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Hospitais , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To implement a quality improvement (QI) scorecard as a tool for enhancing quality and safety efforts in level 1 and 2 community hospital nurseries affiliated with Nationwide Children's Hospital. STUDY DESIGN: A QI scorecard was developed for data collection, analytics, and reporting of neonatal quality metrics and cross-sector collaboration. Newborn characteristics were included for risk stratification, as were clinical and process measures associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality. Quality and safety activities took place in community hospital newborn nurseries in Ohio, and education was provided in both online and in-person collaborations, followed by local team sessions at partner institutions. Baseline (first 12 months) and postbaseline comparisons of clinical and process measures were analyzed by logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: In logistic regression models, at least 1 center documented improvements in each of the 4 process measures, and 3 of the 4 centers documented improvements in compliance with glucose checks obtained within 90 minutes of birth among at-risk infants. CONCLUSION: Collaborative QI projects led to improvements in perinatal metrics associated with important outcomes. Formation of a center-driven QI scorecard is feasible and provides community hospitals with a framework for collecting, analyzing, and reporting neonatal QI metrics.
Assuntos
Hospitais Comunitários , Berçários para Lactentes , Criança , Feminino , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Berçários Hospitalares , Gravidez , Melhoria de QualidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Overuse of antibiotics is a major challenge and undermines measures to control drug resistance worldwide. Postnatal women and newborns are at risk of infections and are often prescribed prophylactic antibiotics although there is no evidence to support their universal use in either group. METHODS: We performed point prevalence surveys in three hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 2018 to collect descriptive data on antibiotic use and infections, in maternity and neonatal wards. RESULTS: Prescribing of antibiotics was high in all three hospitals ranging from 90% (43/48) to 100% (34/34) in women after cesarean section, from 1.4% (1/73) to 63% (30/48) in women after vaginal delivery, and from 89% (76/85) to 100% (77/77) in neonates. The most common reason for prescribing antibiotics was medical prophylaxis in both maternity and neonatal wards. CONCLUSIONS: We observed substantial overuse of antibiotics in postnatal women and newborns. This calls for urgent antibiotic stewardship programs in Tanzanian hospitals to curb this inappropriate use and limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Cuidado Pós-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso Excessivo de Medicamentos Prescritos/estatística & dados numéricos , Salas de Parto , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Berçários Hospitalares , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e Questionários , TanzâniaRESUMO
Administration of the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine is an important step in reducing perinatally acquired hepatitis B infection, yet the USA is below the Healthy People 2020 goal for rate of administration.In response to updated Advisory Committee on Immunisation Practices recommendations to administer the dose within 24 hours of birth, we used quality improvement methodology to implement changes that would increase the vaccination rates of healthy newborns in our nurseries. The goal was to improve the proportion of infants who receive the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth to >90% within a 2-year period, with a secondary goal of increasing vaccination rates prior to discharge from the nursery to >95%.Multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were performed. Initial cycles focused on increasing nurse and provider awareness of the updated timing recommendations. Later cycles targeted nursing workflow to facilitate timely administration of the vaccine. We implemented changes at our university medical centre and community hospital newborn nurseries.At the university medical centre nursery, both primary and secondary goals were met; the rate of hepatitis B vaccine administration within 24 hours increased from 81.7% to 96.2%, with vaccine administration prior to discharge increasing from 93.4% to 97.9%. In the community hospital nursery, the baseline rate of hepatitis B vaccine administration within 24 hours was 78.1%, and this increased to 85.8% with the interventions, falling short of the target of >90%. Vaccine administration prior to discharge increased from 87.2% to 92.0%, also not meeting the secondary target of 95%.Interventions that facilitated workflow had additional benefit beyond education alone to improve timing and rates of hepatitis B vaccine administration in both a university medical centre and community hospital nursery.
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Hepatite B , Berçários para Lactentes , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Berçários Hospitalares , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Antecedentes: Las malformaciones congéni- tas han sido un problema de salud pública que afecta a la sociedad y a la familia. Se ha identifica- do ciertas causas de malformaciones congénitas, entre ellas se encuentran las ambientales, genéti- cas; y, multifactoriales. Se estima que un 10% se debe a causas ambientales, 25% a causas genéti- cas y 65% a factores de origen multifactorial. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que cada año 303,000 recién nacido fallecen du- rante las primeras semanas de vida, secundario a malformaciones congénitas. Objetivo: Descri- bir las características clínicas y antecedentes ma- ternos de los recién nacidos con malformaciones congénitas hospitalizados en la sala de neonato- logía en el Hospital Nacional "Mario Catarino Rivas" en enero a diciembre 2019. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal. Se analiza una muestra de 212 pacientes recién nacidos con malformaciones congénitas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para la exposición de resultados, se usaron tablas de cotejo en el programa estadísti- co IBM SPSS versión número 25. Resultados: El promedio de edad materna de recién nacidos El sistema circulatorio presentó el mayor nú- mero de malformaciones congénitas con 22,2%. Malformaciones congénitas en recién nacidos hospitalizados en sala de neonatología del hospital nacional Mario Catarino Rivas, 2019 El sistema circulatorio presentó el mayor nú- mero de malformaciones congénitas con 22,2%. Siendo el foramen oval permeable el más fre- cuente en este sistema con 9,4%. El mielomenin- gocele fue la malformación congénita más fre- cuente con 10,4%. Conclusión: La prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas fue de 4.3% sien- do este similar al rango reportado en la literatura internacional. El sistema circulatorio presentó la mayor prevalencia y el foramen oval permeable la malformación congénita más frecuente de este sistema. El Mielomeningocele como la malfor- mación congénita más frecuente en nuestra po- blación...(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Anormalidades Congênitas/diagnóstico , Berçários Hospitalares , Meningomielocele/genética , Cardiopatias CongênitasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Data from Africa reporting the epidemiology of infection in hospitalised neonates are limited. METHODOLOGY: A prospective study with convenience sampling was conducted to characterise neonates investigated with blood culture/s for suspected infection at a 132-bed neonatal unit in Cape Town, South Africa (1 February-31 October 2018). Enrolled neonates were classified as having proven bloodstream infection (BSI) (blood culture-positive with a pathogen) or presumed infection (clinically suspected but blood culture-negative) or as potentially at risk of infection (maternal risk factors at birth). RESULTS: Of 1299 hospitalised neonates with >1 blood culture sampling episode, 712 (55%) were enrolled: 126 (17.7%) had proven BSI; 299 (42%) had presumed infection and 287 (40.3%) were potentially at risk of infection. Neonates with proven BSI had lower birth weight and higher rates of co-existing surgical conditions versus the presumed/potential infection groups (p < 0.001). Median onset of proven BSI versus presumed infection was at 8 (IQR = 5-13) and 1 (IQR = 0-5) days respectively (p < 0.001). Most proven BSI were healthcare-associated (114/126; 90.5%), with Klebsiella pneumoniae (80.6% extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producers) and Staphylococcus aureus (66.7% methicillin-resistant) predominating. Mortality from proven BSI (34/126; 27%) was substantially higher than that observed in presumed (8/299; 2.7%) and potential infections (3/287; 1.0%) (p < 0.001). The odds of death from proven BSI was 3-fold higher for Gram-negatives than for Gram-positive/fungal pathogens (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.17-8.92). CONCLUSIONS: Proven BSI episodes were predominantly healthcare-associated and associated with a high case fatality rate. Most neonates with presumed infection or at potential risk of infection had favourable 30-day outcomes.
Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Sepse/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Berçários Hospitalares , Pobreza , Áreas de Pobreza , Estudos Prospectivos , Sepse/diagnóstico , Sepse/microbiologia , África do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Neonatal care has undergone important advances involving the technology for treatment and mo nitoring, the design of care spaces, the incorporation of support professionals, and, especially, the strengthening of an organizational model in networks with centers of different levels of care. Neona tal units should be located in centers with maternity services and, ideally, with pediatric ones of an equivalent level of care. This document defines the admission and transfer criteria according to the level of care and among the different levels, respectively. The evidence recommends an individual room design due to the associated benefits such as decreased occurrence and better control of health care-associated infections, improved breastfeeding, and better interaction with parents. The sugges ted room sizes favor the implementation of the family-centered care model. These recommendations establish the possibility of performing emergency surgical procedures in the neonatal unit and define the safety criteria of the physical plant. In addition, they define the human resources according to the level of care, recognizing the time dedicated to non-direct patient care activities, , and the re quirements of non-medical professionals such as psychologists, physical and respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, pharmacists, dietitians, and social workers. Neonatal care should be led by the neonatologist allowing the participation of general pediatricians with training and demonstrated experience in neonatal care. Midwives and neonatal nurses should have accredited formation in such area. The purpose of this document is to update the "Recommendations on the Organization, Characteristics and Operation of Neonatology Services or Units" to serve as an orien tation and guide for the design and management of neonatal care in public and private health care centers in the country.
Assuntos
Neonatologia , Emergências , Família , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/organização & administração , Enfermagem Neonatal , Neonatologistas , Neonatologia/métodos , Neonatologia/organização & administração , Berçários Hospitalares/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Pediatras , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos OperatóriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) across neonatal units, explore healthcare utilisation and estimate the direct cost to the NHS. DESIGN: Population cohort study. SETTING: NHS neonatal units, using data held in the National Neonatal Research Database. PARTICIPANTS: Infants born between 2012 and 2017, admitted to a neonatal unit in England, receiving a diagnosis of NAS (n=6411). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence, direct annual cost of care (£, 2016-2017 prices), duration of neonatal unit stay (discharge HR), predicted additional cost of care, and odds of receiving pharmacotherapy. RESULTS: Of 524 334 infants admitted during the study period, 6411 had NAS. The incidence (1.6/1000 live births) increased between 2012 and 2017 (ß=0.07, 95% CI (0 to 0.14)) accounting for 12/1000 admissions and 23/1000 cot days nationally. The direct cost of care was £62 646 661 over the study period. Almost half of infants received pharmacotherapy (n=2631; 49%) and their time-to-discharge was significantly longer (median 18.2 vs 5.1 days; adjusted HR (aHR) 0.16, 95% CI (0.15 to 0.17)). Time-to-discharge was longer for formula-fed infants (aHR 0.73 (0.66 to 0.81)) and those discharged to foster care (aHR 0.77 (0.72 to 0.82)). The greatest predictor of additional care costs was receipt of pharmacotherapy (additional mean adjusted cost of £8420 per infant). CONCLUSIONS: This population study highlights the substantial cot usage and economic costs of caring for infants with NAS on neonatal units. A shift in how healthcare systems provide routine care for NAS could benefit infants and families while alleviating the burden on services.
Assuntos
Custos Hospitalares , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/economia , Medicina Estatal/economia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Custos Diretos de Serviços , Inglaterra/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Tempo de Internação/economia , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/epidemiologia , Berçários Hospitalares/economia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection prevention and control (IP&C) for women in labor and mothers and newborns during delivery and receiving post-partum care was quite challenging for staff, patients, and support persons due to a relative lack of evidence-based practices, high rates of community transmission, and shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE). We present our IP&C policies and procedures for the obstetrical population developed from mid-March to mid-May 2020 when New York City served as the epicenter of the pandemic in the U.S. For patients, we describe screening for COVID-19, testing for SARS-CoV-2, and clearing patients from COVID-19 precautions. For staff, we address self-monitoring for symptoms, PPE in different clinical scenarios, and reducing staff exposures to SARS-CoV-2. For visitors/support persons, we address limiting them in labor and delivery, the postpartum units, and the NICU to promote staff and patient safety. We describe management of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and their newborns in both the well-baby nursery and in the neonatal ICU. Notably, in the well-baby nursery we do not separate SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers from their newborns, but emphasize maternal mask use and social distancing by placing newborns in isolates and asking mothers to remain 6 feet away unless feeding or changing their newborn. We also encourage direct breastfeeding and do not advocate early bathing. Newborns of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers are considered persons under investigation (PUIs) until 14 days of life, the duration of the incubation period for SARS-CoV-2. We share two models of community-based care for PUI neonates. Finally, we provide our strategies for enhancing communication and education during the early months of the pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Salas de Parto , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Berçários Hospitalares , Política Organizacional , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/terapia , COVID-19/transmissão , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Máscaras , Programas de Rastreamento , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Distanciamento Físico , SARS-CoV-2 , Visitas a PacientesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exposure to hypothermia is somehow unavoidable when a baby comes to life. This is the reason why any possible effort should be made by every caregiver involved during birth, from labour to transfer into the maternity ward, to reduce it. Hypothermia has widely shown to be related to several neonatal problems, and the risks are more relevant when the babies are born prematurely. METHOD: An observational study was conducted in April 2016 to assess the current practises to avoid hypothermia at birth in 20 Italian neonatal units. Each unit introduced local improvements in clinical practice and the same observational study was repeated 1 year later. RESULTS: A total of 4722 babies were analysed. An overall increase in adherence to local and international recommendations emerged from our study. Significant differences between 2016 and 2017 were found in regard to neonatal temperature at nursery entry (36.3 °C vs 36.5 °C, respectively, p < 0.0001), delayed cord clamping practice > 60â³ (48.1% vs 68.1%, respectively, p < 0.0001) and skin-to-skin practice > 60' (56.3% vs 60.9, respectively, p = 0.03). Statistical correlations with the risk of hypothermia were found for delivery room (OR 0.88 (CI 95%0.83-0.94), p < 0.0001) and maternal temperature (OR 0.57 (CI 95% 0.48-0.67), p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Periodical assessment of the delivery room practice has shown to be effective in improving adherence to the international recommendations. Relationship between neonatal hypothermia and several other variables including the delivery room and mother temperature underlines how neonatal thermoregulation starts immediately after birth. Hence, a multi-disciplinary approach is needed to provide the optimal environment for a safe birth.
Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal , Salas de Parto , Hipotermia/prevenção & controle , Cuidado do Lactente , Berçários Hospitalares , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Hipotermia/diagnóstico , Hipotermia/etiologia , Recém-Nascido , Itália , Masculino , Padrões de Prática MédicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Continuous physiological monitoring devices are often not available for monitoring high-risk neonates in low-resource settings. Easy-to-use, non-invasive, multiparameter, continuous physiological monitoring devices could be instrumental in providing appropriate care and improving outcomes for high-risk neonates in these low-resource settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The purpose of this prospective, observational, facility-based evaluation is to provide evidence to establish whether two existing non-invasive, multiparameter, continuous physiological monitoring devices developed by device developers, EarlySense and Sibel, can accurately and reliably measure vital signs in neonates (when compared with verified reference devices). We will also assess the feasibility, usability and acceptability of these devices for use in neonates in low-resource settings in Africa. Up to 500 neonates are enrolled in two phases: (1) a verification and accuracy evaluation phase at Aga Khan University-Nairobi and (2) a clinical feasibility evaluation phase at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Both quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed. Agreement between the investigational and reference devices is determined using a priori-defined accuracy thresholds. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial was approved by the Aga Khan University Nairobi Research Ethics Committee and the Western Institutional Review Board. We plan to disseminate research results in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03920761.
Assuntos
Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto/instrumentação , Sinais Vitais , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estudos de Viabilidade , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Quênia , Movimento , Berçários Hospitalares , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Oximetria , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Taxa Respiratória , Temperatura Cutânea , SonoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of azole resistance in C parapsilosis is very low in most parts of the world. However, South Africa has reported an exceptionally high prevalence of azole resistance in C parapsilosis strains isolated from candidaemia cases. We aimed to determine the possible molecular mechanisms of fluconazole resistance in C parapsilosis isolates obtained through surveillance at a large neonatal unit at a South African academic hospital. METHODS: We sequenced the ERG11 and MRR1 genes of C parapsilosis isolates recovered from cases of neonatal candidemia, followed by microsatellite genotyping. A total of 73 isolates with antifungal susceptibility results were analysed. RESULTS: Of these, 57 (78%) were resistant, 11 (15%) susceptible dose-dependent and 5 (7%) susceptible. The most commonly identified amino acid substitution within the ERG11 gene was Y132F in 68% (39/57) of fluconazole-resistant isolates and none in susceptible isolates. Three amino acid substitutions (R405K, G583R and A619V) and 1 nucleotide deletion at position 1331 were identified within MRR1 gene in 19 (26%) isolates. Microsatellite genotyping grouped isolates into four clusters (50 isolates). Cluster 1 accounted for 23% (17/73) of all cases, cluster 2 for 22% (16/73), cluster 3 for 14% (10/73) and cluster 4 for 10% (7/73). We found an association between cluster type and fluconazole resistance (P-value = .004). Isolates harbouring the Y132F substitution were more likely to belong to a cluster than non-Y132F isolates. CONCLUSION: Fluconazole resistance in C parapsilosis strains from a single South African neonatal unit was associated with cluster type and predominantly driven by Y123F amino acid substitutions in the ERG11 gene.
Assuntos
Candida parapsilosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida parapsilosis/genética , Candidemia/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/genética , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Azóis/farmacologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Repetições de Microssatélites , Berçários Hospitalares , África do SulRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our cost-effectiveness analysis investigated rooming-in versus not rooming-in to determine optimal management of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal (NOW). STUDY DESIGN: A decision-analytic model was constructed using TreeAge to compare rooming-in versus not rooming-in in a theoretical cohort of 23,200 newborns, the estimated annual number affected by NOW in the United States. Additional considerations included the effect of breast milk versus formula milk in evaluating the need for pharmacotherapy. Primary outcomes were needed for pharmacotherapy and neurodevelopment. We assumed a societal perspective in evaluating costs and maternal-neonatal quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Model inputs were derived from literature and varied in sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Rooming-in resulted in fewer neonates requiring pharmacotherapy when compared with not rooming-in. The rooming-in group had more neonates with intact/mild neurodevelopmental impairment and fewer cases of moderate to severe impairment. Rooming-in resulted in cost savings of $509,652,728 and 12,333 additional QALYs per annual cohort. When the risk ratio of need for pharmacotherapy in rooming-in was varied across a clinically plausible range, rooming-in remained the cost-effective strategy. CONCLUSION: Maternal rooming-in with newborns affected by NOW leads to reduced costs and increased effectiveness. Management strategies should optimize nonpharmacological interventions as first-line treatment.
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Aleitamento Materno/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/economia , Berçários Hospitalares/economia , Alojamento Conjunto/economia , Estudos de Coortes , Redução de Custos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Econômicos , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/epidemiologia , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Scientific evidence supports the use of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) techniques, but certain issues may be limiting its generalized incorporation in clinical practice. The objectives were to determine the level of acceptance of LISA techniques in Spanish hospitals, the types of methods used, the target population, and the premedication administered. STUDY DESIGN: An online survey was designed and sent to various secondary/tertiary hospitals in Spain. RESULTS: Among 67 neonatal units contacted, 44 (65.7%) participated. LISA was used in 89%, and those that did not perform the technique were contemplating its use in the future. In total, 77% of hospitals used some type of pharmacologic sedation/analgesia before the procedure: 28% always and 49% sometimes. In all cases, the reason for premedication was concerned about pain and discomfort. The types of drugs and doses varied. CONCLUSION: LISA has been incorporated in clinical practice of the hospitals surveyed, with a utilization rate higher than what has been reported to date. Sedation and analgesia are commonly administered. LISA is viewed as potentially involving some degree of pain and discomfort. Further studies are needed to determine the safest and most effective pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures to apply in these procedures.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Surfactantes Pulmonares/administração & dosagem , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/tratamento farmacológico , Idade Gestacional , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Instilação de Medicamentos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Ventilação não Invasiva , Berçários Hospitalares , Pré-Medicação , EspanhaRESUMO
The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome owing to prenatal opioid exposure has grown rapidly in recent decades and it disproportionately affects rural, non-white, and public insurance-dependent populations. Treatment consists of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions with wide variability in approaches across the United States. Standardizing clinical assessment, minimizing unnecessary interruptions, and prioritizing nonpharmacologic and family-centered care seems to improve hospital outcomes. Neonatal abstinence syndrome may have long-term developmental and biological effects, but understanding is limited owing in part confounding biosocial factors. Early intervention and longitudinal support of the infant and family promote better outcomes.
Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Aleitamento Materno , Morfina/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/terapia , Pais , Alojamento Conjunto , Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Buprenorfina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Tempo de Internação , Metadona/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/etiologia , Berçários Hospitalares , Tratamento de Substituição de Opiáceos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/tratamento farmacológico , Fenobarbital/uso terapêutico , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/psicologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe temporal trends in car seat tolerance screening (CSTS) failure within a large hospital system (2014-2018). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical record data for infants who underwent a CSTS. Our primary outcome measure was the CSTS failure rate. Covariates included year, CSTS location (well nursery or NICU), gestational age (GA), race, sex, birth weight, CSTS date, and age at CSTS. Associations of covariates with CSTS failure were examined by using χ2 tests, t tests, analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon rank tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted odds of CSTS failure. RESULTS: Of 4849 infants tested, the failure rate was 8.1% (n = 394). Most CSTS occurred in the well nursery (79.5%) and involved late preterm (55.2%) or term infants (23.7%). In bivariate analyses, year, unit location, higher birth weight, younger chronological age at testing, and higher GA were positively associated with CSTS failure (P < .05). After stratification by CSTS location, the CSTS failure rate rose in the well nursery but remained stable in the NICU, and use of screening rose among term infants. In the adjusted model, year, GA, and corrected gestational age at CSTS were associated with failure. Each subsequent year was associated with a 19% increase in odds of CSTS failure (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher rate of CSTS failure in the well nursery compared with the NICU, and the difference in failure rates increased over time. Improved understanding of infants at the highest risk of CSTS failure could impact routine screening guidelines.
Assuntos
Apneia/epidemiologia , Bradicardia/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Proteção para Crianças , Hipóxia/epidemiologia , Posicionamento do Paciente/efeitos adversos , Apneia/etiologia , Bradicardia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia/etiologia , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Berçários Hospitalares , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The diffusion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (E-ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a major concern worldwide, especially in low-income countries, where they may lead to therapeutic failures. In hospitals, where colonization is the highest, E-ESBL transmission is poorly understood, limiting the possibility of establishing effective control measures. We assessed E-ESBL-acquisition routes in a neonatalogy ward in Madagascar. Individuals from a neonatology ward were longitudinally followed-up (August 2014-March 2015). Newborns' family members' and health-care workers (HCWs) were stool-sampled and tested for E-ESBL colonization weekly. Several hypothetical acquisition routes of newborns-e.g. direct contact with family members and HCWs and indirect contact with other newborns through environmental contamination, colonization pressure, or transient hand carriage-were examined and compared using mathematical modeling and Bayesian inference. In our results, high E-ESBL acquisition rates were found, reaching > 70% for newborns, > 55% for family members, and > 75% for HCWs. Modeling analyses indicated transmission sources for newborn colonization to be species dependent. Health-care workers' route were selected for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, with respective estimated transmission strengths of 0.05 (0.008; 0.14) and 0.008 (0.001; 0.021) ind-1 day-1. Indirect transmissions associated with ward prevalence, e.g. through hand carriage or environment, were selected for Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae (range 0.27-0.41 ind-1 day-1). Importantly, family members were not identified as transmission source. To conclude, E-ESBL acquisition sources are strongly species dependent. Escherichia coli and E. cloacae involve more indirect contamination, whereas K. pneumoniae also spreads through contact with colonized HCWs. These findings should help improve control measures to reduce in-hospital transmission.