RESUMO
This study evaluated the potential of red pitaya pulp fermented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F-19 (F-19) as a base for probiotic products. Physicochemical parameters, sugar, betacyanin, and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity were analyzed over 28 days at 4 °C and compared to a non-fermented pulp, and to a pulp fermented with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12). Volatile compounds were identified using HS-SPME/GC-MS. Probiotic viability during storage and survival through in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) stress were assessed. Red pitaya pulp, rich in moisture (85.83 g/100 g), carbohydrates (11.65 g/100 g), and fibers (2.49 g/100 g), supported fermentation by both strains. F-19 and BB-12 lowered pH, with F-19 showing stronger acidification, and maintained high viability (8.85-8.90 log CFU/mL). Fermentation altered sugar profiles and produced unique volatile compounds, enhancing aroma and sensory attributes. F-19 generated 2-phenylethanol, a unique flavor compound, absent in BB-12. Phenolic content initially increased but antioxidant activity decreased during storage. Betacyanin remained stable for up to 14 days. Red pitaya improved F-19 viability through the simulated GIT, while BB-12 populations significantly decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest red pitaya pulp is a promising plant-based matrix for F-19, offering protection during digestion and highlighting its potential as a functional food with enhanced bioactive compound bioavailability and sensory attributes.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Betacianinas , Cactaceae , Fermentação , Probióticos , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Betacianinas/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cactaceae/química , Humanos , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/metabolismo , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/metabolismo , Paladar , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Bifidobacterium animalis/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Aromatizantes , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
Yak-Kong (YK) is a small black soybean widely cultivated in Korea. It is considered to have excellent health functionality, as it has been reported to have better antioxidant efficacy than conventional black or yellow soybeans. Since YK has been described as good for the muscle health of the elderly in old oriental medicine books, this study sought to investigate the effect of fermented YK with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 (FYK) on muscle atrophy. In C2C12 mouse myoblasts, FYK elevated the expression of MyoD, total MHC, phosphorylated AKT, and PGC1α. In addition, two kinds of in vivo studies were conducted using both an induced and normal aging mouse model. The behavioral test results showed that in the induced aging mouse model, FYK intake alleviated age-related muscle weakness and loss of exercise performance. In addition, FYK alleviated muscle mass decrease and improved the expression of biomarkers including total MHC, myf6, phosphorylated AKT, PGC1α, and Tfam, which are related to myoblast differentiation, muscle protein synthesis, and mitochondrial generation in the muscle. In the normal aging model, FYK consumption did not increase muscle mass, but did upregulate the expression levels of biomarkers related to myoblast differentiation, muscle hypertrophy, and muscle function. Furthermore, it mitigated age-related declines in skeletal muscle force production and functional limitation by enhancing exercise performance and grip strength. Taken together, the results suggest that FYK has the potential to be a new functional food material that can alleviate the loss of muscle mass and strength caused by aging and prevent sarcopenia.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Bifidobacterium animalis , Atrofia Muscular , Animais , Camundongos , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Masculino , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Fermentação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , República da Coreia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Probióticos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Alimentos de Soja , Humanos , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Glycine max/química , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry has intensified research on alternative solutions to support intestinal health, including but not limited to direct fed microbials (DFM). Heat stress is known to impact intestinal health and function. The aim of this study was to determine efficacy of a water applied DFM product on broiler performance during the summer period. One of two treatments were randomly allocated to 12 replicate floor pens each: a control treatment and a treatment provided daily with a dual strain DFM comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus AG01 and Bifidobacterium animalis AG02 at 1 × 108 CFU/bird/d. Each pen contained 20 Ross 308 broilers. All birds were fed the same three-phased wheat- and soybean meal-based diets. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality were measured at d 0, 10, 24, 35, and 42. Due to natural extreme external temperature conditions, all birds were subject to heat stress during the end of the grower phase up to and including the finisher phase. Temperature was on average 5°C higher compared to industry recommendation. No significant differences were found in growth performance between the control and DFM treatment, yet BW at d 42 in both treatments was reduced by 19% compared to the breed standard. The DFM treatment significantly reduced mortality among the birds. Overall mortality from d 1 to d 35 was reduced from 4.58% to 0.42% (P = 0.023) and overall mortality from d 1 to d 42 was reduced from 5.83 to 0.83% (P = 0.027). This was driven by the difference in heat-stress related mortality in the finisher phase from d 25 to d 42, where mortality reached only 0.44% in the DFM treatment versus 2.88% in the unsupplemented control treatment. Post-mortem analysis confirmed heat-stress related hypoxia. In conclusion, the dual strain DFM may have provided improved (intestinal) homeostasis and barrier function allowing increased resilience to heat stress in broilers.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Galinhas , Dieta , Probióticos , Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologia , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Lactobacillus acidophilus/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/mortalidade , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Água/química , Água/administração & dosagem , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/mortalidadeRESUMO
Oral administration of probiotics has been proposed as a promising biotherapy to prevent and treat different diseases related to gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Due to the increasing research area on the characterisation of new probiotic bacterial strains, it is necessary to perform suitable in vitro experiments, using pertinent cellular models, in order to establish appropriate readout profiles based on IBS symptoms and subtypes. In this work, a collection of 30 candidate strains, belonging mainly to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, were screened using three different sets of in vitro experiments with different readouts to identify promising probiotic strains with: (1) the ability to inhibit the synthesis of IL-8 production by TNF-α stimulated HT-29 cells, (2) immunomodulatory properties quantified as increased IL-10 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs), and (3) the ability to maintain epithelial barrier integrity by increasing the trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) values in Caco-2 cells. Based on these criteria, three strains were selected: Lactobacillus gasseri PI41, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PI48 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis PI50, and tested in a murine model of low-grade inflammation induced by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS), which mimics some of the symptoms of IBS. Among the three strains, L. gasseri PI41 improved overall host well-being by preventing body weight loss in DNBS-treated mice and restored gut homeostasis by normalising the intestinal permeability and reducing pro-inflammatory markers. Therefore, the potential of this strain was confirmed in a second murine model known to reproduce IBS symptoms: the neonatal maternal separation (NMS) model. The PI41 strain was effective in preventing intestinal permeability and reducing colonic hypersensitivity. In conclusion, the set of in vitro experiments combined with in vivo assessments allowed us to identify a promising probiotic candidate strain, L. gasseri PI41, in the context of IBS.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Probióticos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/microbiologia , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Células CACO-2 , Células HT29 , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Bifidobacterium/fisiologia , Interleucina-10 , Lactobacillus gasseri , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiologia , Masculino , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologiaRESUMO
The objectives of the study were to improve the functionality of fermented salami using probiotics, to evaluate the effects of the addition of probiotics on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics and sensory acceptance of fermented salami, and to introduce a brand-new probiotic food to the market for meat products. Fermented salami samples were produced using various formulations, including no probiotic (A), non-probiotic starter cultures (B) or probiotic cultures [Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR32 200B (C), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP115 400B (D), Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 (E), and L. rhamnosus LR32 200B + L. plantarum LP115 400B (F)]. The samples were kept at 4°C for 60 days, and their probiotic viability as well as their chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensory qualities were assessed at intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The probiotic addition enhanced the safety and quality of the product while favorably affecting the microbiological, physical, chemical, and sensory properties of the samples. The sample produced with mixed probiotics (F) had the highest moisture and fat content and the lowest pH. Lactic acid bacteria counts were found above 6.0 log CFU/g in the samples produced with probiotic at the end of the storage. Probiotic added products were rated higher than products without probiotics in terms of color, texture, flavor, and overall acceptance during storage. Consequently, a probiotic fermented salami with high probiotic cell counts and meeting the sensory preferences of the consumers was produced.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Fermentação , Alimentos Fermentados , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Produtos da Carne , Probióticos , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Produtos da Carne/análise , Humanos , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Lactobacillus plantarum , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Paladar , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Contagem de Colônia MicrobianaRESUMO
The composition and diversity of gut microbiota significantly influence the immune system and are linked to various diseases, including inflammatory and allergy disorders. While considerable research has focused on exploring single bacterial species or consortia, the optimal strategies for microbiota-based therapeutics remain underexplored. Specifically, the comparative effectiveness of bacterial consortia versus individual species warrants further investigation. In our study, we assessed the impact of the bacterial consortium MPRO, comprising Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7712, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis HY8002, and Lacticaseibacillus casei HY2782, in comparison to its individual components. The administration of MPRO demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy in experimental models of atopic dermatitis and inflammatory colitis when compared to single strains. MPRO exhibited the ability to dampen inflammatory responses and alter the gut microbial landscape significantly. Notably, MPRO administration led to an increase in intestinal CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells, promoting the induction of regulatory T cells and the robust suppression of inflammation in experimental disease settings. Our findings advocate the preference for bacterial consortia over single strains in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, carrying potential clinical relevance.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Dermatite Atópica , Probióticos , Humanos , Inflamação , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/farmacologia , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Bactérias , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologiaRESUMO
Functional constipation (FC) can seriously affect the physical and mental health of children. The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 in treating FC in children through a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled approach. Eligible children were randomized into either the intervention group (IG, n = 65, receiving conventional treatment with probiotics) or the control group (CG, n = 66, receiving conventional treatment without probiotics). The primary outcome measure was fecal frequency. Fecal gut microbiota analysis and PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) were used to predict gene family abundances based on 16S information. Over the course of treatment, the weekly frequency of feces within each group increased significantly (F = 41.97, p < 0.001). The frequency of feces (times/week (t/w)) in the IG was significantly higher than that in the CG (3.69 ± 2.62 t/w vs.3.18 ± 1.43 t/w, 4.03 ± 2.54 t/w vs. 2.89 ± 1.39 t/w and 3.74 ± 2.36 t/w vs. 2.94 ± 1.18 t/w and 3.45 ± 1.98 vs. 3.17 ± 1.41 t/w for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after intervention, respectively) (F = 7.60, p = 0.0067). After the intervention, dominate species shifted to Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Escherichia coli in the IG. Additionally, genes related to short-chain fatty acid (SCF) metabolism were upregulated, while methane metabolism was downregulated. Administration of XLTG11 at a dose of 1 × 1010 CFU/day to children increased fecal frequency, induced beneficial changes in gut microbiota, and regulated SCFs and methane metabolism-related genes.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Constipação Intestinal , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Constipação Intestinal/microbiologia , Constipação Intestinal/terapia , Constipação Intestinal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Bifidobacterium animalis/genética , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Masculino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Feminino , Método Duplo-Cego , Pré-Escolar , Resultado do Tratamento , Filogenia , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly accompanied by learning and memory deficits. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 (BAA6) on behaviour and memory function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The results showed that BAA6 treatment ameliorated spatial working memory deficits and inhibited hippocampal neuron loss in SHRs. The levels of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the brain derived neurotrophic factor increased and that of glutamate decreased in the brain tissue of SHRs after BAA6 administration. Moreover, BAA6 reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1ß, and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and antioxidant glutathione in SHRs. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that BAA6 treatment changed the gut microbiota composition. BAA6 promoted beneficial Lactobacillus, Romboutsia, Blautia, and Turicibacter, and decreased the enrichment of bacterial genera such as Dietzia, Sporosarcina, Brevibacterium, NK4A214_group, Atopostipes, and Facklamia negatively associated with neurotransmitter release and anti-inflammatory effects in SHRs. Together, these results suggested that BAA6 improved memory function by ameliorating hippocampal damage, abnormal neurotransmitter release and cerebral inflammation by reshaping the gut microbiota in SHRs. This study provides a scientific basis for the development and application of BAA6 as a promising dietary intervention to reduce the risk of ADHD.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Bifidobacterium animalis , Probióticos , Ratos , Animais , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Transtornos da Memória , Memória de Curto Prazo , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Anti-Inflamatórios , Neurotransmissores , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) can reduce the sequelae of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats modulating systemic parameters. BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of probiotic therapy (PROB) in the prevention of local and systemic damage resulting from EP. METHODS: Forty-eight rats were allocated into four groups: C (control), PROB, EP, and EP-PROB. PROB (1 × 1010 CFU/mL) administration lasted 8 weeks and PE was induced on the 7th week by placing ligature on the animals' lower first molars. All animals were euthanized in the 9th week of the experiment. Biomolecular analyses, RT-PCR, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The data obtained were analyzed statistically (ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05). RESULTS: The EP group had higher dyslipidemia when compared to the C group, as well as higher levels of insulin resistance, proteinuria levels, percentages of systolic blood pressure, percentage of fatty hepatocytes in the liver, and expression of adipokines was up-regulated (LEPR, NAMPT, and FABP4). All these parameters (except insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, LEPR and FABP4 gene expression) were reduced in the EP-PROB group when compared to the EP group. The EP group had lower villus height and crypt depth, as well as a greater reduction in Bacteroidetes and a greater increase in Firmicutes when compared to the EP-PROB group. Greater alveolar bone loss was observed in the EP group when compared to the EP-PROB group. CONCLUSION: Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 can reduce the sequelae of EP in rats modulating intestinal parameters, attenuating expression of lipogenic genes and hepatic steatosis.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Fígado Gorduroso , Resistência à Insulina , Periodontite , Probióticos , Ratos , Animais , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Periodontite/prevenção & controle , Mucosa IntestinalRESUMO
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect during antibiotic treatment. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 on mouse diarrhea caused by antibiotic-induced intestinal flora disturbance. Then, two strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 were administered to AAD mice. We found that the recovery effect of using B. lactis XLTG11 was better than that of B. lactis BB-12. B. lactis XLTG11 reduced the pathological characteristics of the intestinal tract, and significantly reduced the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), D-lactic acid (D-LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) to decrease intestinal permeability. In addition, these two strains significantly increased the expression of aquaporin and tight junction proteins, and inhibited toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, significantly increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, after treatment with B. lactis XLTG11, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased. Compared with the MC group, B. lactis XLTG11 increased the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora and changed the composition of the intestinal flora. We found that B. lactis XLTG11 can promote the recovery of intestinal flora and mucosal barrier function, thereby effectively improving AAD-related symptoms, providing a scientific basis for future clinical applications.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Animais , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The effect of probiotic therapy on the main hemodynamic parameters was studied in Wistar rats with modeled syndrome of systemic inflammatory response resulting from chemically induced colitis complicated by antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Using a wireless telemetry monitoring system in round-the-clock mode, the mean systolic and diastolic BP, HR, and body temperature were measured over 27 days. In the group of animals receiving no probiotics, a significant decrease in feed consumption and body weight loss were observed. By the end of the experiment, BP in this group was lower by 12% and HR was higher by 10% than in the control. In animals treated with a mixture of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, all the studied parameters returned to the initial values. Thus, we demonstrated the possibility of using probiotic drugs for the treatment of acute systemic inflammatory process, which should be considered in the development of new treatment protocols in veterinary and medicine.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Probióticos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Disbiose/induzido quimicamente , Disbiose/tratamento farmacológico , Hemodinâmica , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Probióticos/farmacologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Healthy, plant-based diets, rich in fermentable residues, may induce gas-related symptoms. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the effects of a fermented milk product, containing probiotics, on the tolerance of a healthy diet in patients with disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBI), complaining of excessive flatulence. In an open design, a 3-day healthy, mostly plant-based diet was administered to patients with DGBI (52 included, 43 completed) before and at the end of 28 days of consumption of a fermented milk product (FMP) containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria. As compared to a habitual diet, the flatulogenic diet increased the perception of digestive symptoms (flatulence score 7.1 ± 1.6 vs. 5.8 ± 1.9; p < 0.05) and the daily number of anal gas evacuations (22.4 ± 12.5 vs. 16.5 ± 10.2; p < 0.0001). FMP consumption reduced the flatulence sensation score (by -1.6 ± 2.2; p < 0.05) and the daily number of anal gas evacuations (by -5.3 ± 8.2; p < 0.0001). FMP consumption did not significantly alter the overall gut microbiota composition, but some changes in the microbiota correlated with the observed clinical improvement. The consumption of a product containing B. lactis CNCM I-2494 improved the tolerance of a healthy diet in patients with DGBI, and this effect may be mediated, in part, by the metabolic activity of the microbiota.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Produtos Fermentados do Leite/microbiologia , Dieta Saudável/efeitos adversos , Dieta Vegetariana/efeitos adversos , Flatulência/etiologia , Flatulência/prevenção & controle , Gases , Intestinos/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Feminino , Flatulência/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Probiotic strains from the Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus genera improve health outcomes in models of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Yet, underlying mechanisms governing these improved health outcomes are rooted in the interaction of gut microbiota, intestinal interface, and probiotic strain. Central to defining the underlying mechanisms governing these improved health outcomes is the development of adaptable and non-invasive tools to study probiotic localization and colonization within the host gut microbiome. The objective of this study was to test labeling and tracking efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis 420 (B420) using a common clinical imaging agent, indocyanine green (ICG). ICG was an effective in situ labeling agent visualized in either intact mouse or excised gastrointestinal (GI) tract at different time intervals. Quantitative PCR was used to validate ICG visualization of B420, which also demonstrated that B420 transit time matched normal murine GI motility (~8 hours). Contrary to previous thoughts, B420 did not colonize any region of the GI tract whether following a single bolus or daily administration for up to 10 days. We conclude that ICG may provide a useful tool to visualize and track probiotic species such as B420 without implementing complex molecular and genetic tools. Proof-of-concept studies indicate that B420 did not colonize and establish residency align the murine GI tract.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Verde de Indocianina/metabolismo , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Animais , Translocação Bacteriana , Bifidobacterium animalis/classificação , Bifidobacterium animalis/isolamento & purificação , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Probióticos , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
Probiotics are consumed in fermented dairy products or as capsules for their putative health benefits. However, little research has been done to evaluate the effects of the delivery matrix on the health benefits of probiotics in humans. To examine the effects of delivering Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) (log10 10 ± 0.5 CFU/day) via a yogurt smoothie versus a capsule, we monitored the fecal microbiota, gut transit times (GTTs), and fecal excretion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in healthy adults. In a randomized, four-period, crossover study performed in a partially blind manner, 36 adults were recruited and randomly assigned to four treatments: control yogurt smoothie (YS), yogurt smoothie with BB-12 added prefermentation (PRE), yogurt smoothie with BB-12 added postfermentation (POST), and capsule containing BB-12 (CAP). Participants' fecal microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, GTTs via SmartPill, and fecal SCFAs by gas chromatography (GC) before (baseline) and after each intervention. Participants had significantly higher percentage of Streptococcus after consuming YS versus CAP (P = 0.01). Bifidobacterium-specific terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed a significantly higher percentage of B. animalis after consuming PRE and POST compared to baseline, YS, CAP, and final washout (P < 0.0001). The predominant SCFAs were negatively correlated with GTTs. Consumption of BB-12 delivered in a yogurt smoothie or capsule did not significantly alter the composition of the gut microbiota, GTTs, or fecal SCFA concentration of the study cohort. However, daily consumption of BB-12 in yogurt smoothie may result in higher relative abundance of B. animalis in healthy adults. (This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01399996.) IMPORTANCE Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 is a probiotic strain that has been used worldwide since 1985. It has commonly been delivered in fermented dairy products for perceived benefits associated with gut health and enhanced immune function. In addition to fermented dairy products, many new probiotic-containing alternatives such as probiotic-containing juice, probiotic-containing chocolate, and capsules have been developed. While these products provide more options for people to access probiotics, little research has been done on the effect of delivery matrix (dairy versus nondairy) on their efficacy in humans. In addition, it was unclear how yogurt fermentation may influence the survival of BB-12 in the product or on its performance in vivo. The significance of our study is in simultaneously assessing the effect of BB-12, alone and in different delivery vehicles, on the gut transit time, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and the composition of the gut microbiota of the study cohort.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/análise , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Adulto , Bifidobacterium animalis/genética , Cápsulas/administração & dosagem , Estudos Cross-Over , Fezes/química , Fermentação , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Iogurte/microbiologiaRESUMO
Several studies have demonstrated a decrease in upper respiratory infection (URI) frequency and severity in subjects taking probiotic supplements. We hypothesised beneficial effects of probiotics on viral URI in children are due to modulation of inflammatory innate immune responses. We tested this hypothesis, providing children with a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus/Bidfidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bi-07 (NCFM/Bi-07) and measuring levels of cytokines in response to stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848). In this open label study, 21 (2 dropouts) children received probiotic containing 5×109 cfu each of NCFM/(Bi-07) daily for 30 days. Whole blood was taken from each subject at study entry and 30 days for culture of PBMCs. PBMCs stimulated with resiquimod (R848) or unstimulated were incubated and a panel of immune markers was measured. There was a significant decrease in the net (stimulated-null) level of myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1 (MPIF-1) (mean decrease 0.1 ng/ml, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.24, P=0.032) following probiotic supplementation. The change in immune marker levels after supplementation, when analysed together with respect to expected inflammatory/anti-inflammatory effects, was increased for interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased for MPIF-1, IL-8, interferon gamma induced protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (MIP-3α) and E-selectin (P=0.01). Adverse events were mild. In conclusion, supplementation with this probiotic combination was safe and resulted in significant modulation of PBMC limited immune response to TLR7/8 agonist R848 and in levels of MPIF-1 and MIP-3α. The anti-inflammatory effect may be one mechanism by which probiotics modulate the immune system however further study is needed.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Lactobacillus acidophilus/fisiologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Lactente , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Masculino , Infecções Respiratórias/genética , Infecções Respiratórias/imunologia , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor 8 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 8 Toll-Like/imunologiaRESUMO
Several studies suggest that microbial alterations (dysbiosis) are intimately linked to chronic inflammation occurring upon aging. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interest of a synbiotic approach (co-administration of a probiotic bacteria and a prebiotic dietary fibre) to improve gastrointestinal wellness and inflammatory markers in middle-aged people. Middle-aged subjects were randomized to take synbiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis lactis and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)) or placebo for 30 days. Stool frequency and consistency were improved in both placebo and synbiotic-treated volunteers while the synbiotic treatment significantly decreased the number of days with abdominal discomfort. Synbiotic treatment had no impact on mood dimensions, quality of life scores or the overall composition of the gut microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from stool). Importantly, plasma proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-17a and interferon-gamma (IFNγ)) were significantly lower after 30 days of synbiotic supplementation. This effect appears to be independent of the gut barrier function. This study demonstrates that a combination of B. animalis lactis and the well-known prebiotic FOS could be a promising synbiotic strategy to decrease inflammatory status with improvement of gut disorders in middle-aged people.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Simbióticos/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Probiotics have been reported to be associated with the alleviation of constipation. The aim of this study was to detect and determine the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) on the alleviation of constipation in BALB/c mice and humans, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its effect by measuring changes in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and the composition of microbes in human faeces. BALB/c mice were given MN-Gup by gavage for 14 days. On the 8th day of this treatment, constipation was induced by the application of diphenoxylate via gavage. The results showed that MN-Gup significantly decreased the first black stool defecation time, and significantly increased black faecal wet weight, black faecal number and the gastric-intestinal transit rate (P<0.05), thereby relieving constipation. In humans, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to investigate the effect of MN-Gup in adults with functional constipation. After 4 weeks of intervention with placebo or MN-Gup yogurt, constipation-related symptoms (including defecation frequency, stool consistency, straining and incomplete feeling during defecation) in the constipated subjects were significantly improved in the two groups, but not different between the groups at the end of the intervention. The concentration of acetate increased significantly in the MN-Gup group compared to the placebo group and before ingestion. Significant changes in the composition of gut microbiota were found after intake of MN-Gup yogurt when compared to placebo. The relative abundances of acetate-producing Bifidobacterium, Ruminoccaceae_UCG-002 and Ruminoccaceae_UCG-005 were significantly increased after intake of MN-Gup yogurt. These results showed that MN-Gup could relieve constipation related to increased acetate-producing Bifidobacterium, Ruminoccaceae_UCG-002 and Ruminoccaceae_UCG-005.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Constipação Intestinal/microbiologia , Constipação Intestinal/fisiopatologia , Defecação , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Iogurte/microbiologiaRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks the third most common cancer type in both men and women. Besides the known genetic and epigenetic changes in the gut epithelial cells, we now know that disturbed gut microbes could also contribute to the onset and progression of CRC. Hence, keeping a balanced gut microbiota (GM) has become a novel pursue in the medical field, particularly in the area of gastrointestinal disorders. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Gp) is a dietary herbal medicine. In our previous study, Gp saponins (GpS) displayed prebiotic and cancer-preventive properties through the modulation of GM in ApcMin/+ mice. However, the specific group(s) of GM links to the health effects of GpS remains unknown. To track down the missing link, we first investigated and found that inoculation with fecal materials from GpS-treated ApcMin/+ mice effectively reduces polyps in ApcMin/+ mice. From the same source of the fecal sample, we successfully isolated 16 bacterial species. Out of the 16 bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis stands out as the responder to the GpS-growth stimulus. Biochemical and RNAseq analysis demonstrated that GpS enhanced expressions of a wide range of genes encoding biogenesis and metabolic pathways in B. animalis culture. Moreover, we found that colonization of B. animalis markedly reduces the polyp burden in ApcMin/+ mice. These findings reveal a mutualistic interaction between the prebiotic and a probiotic to achieve anticancer and cancer-preventive activities. Our result, for the first time, unveils the anticancer function of B. animalis and extend the probiotic horizon of B. animalis.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Gynostemma/química , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Neoplasias Colorretais/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Studies suggest that probiotics and fermented milk can improve defecation in constipated patients. However, the mechanism of fermented milk containing probiotics on constipation remains poorly understood. Volunteers with chronic constipation symptoms were recruited and given 200 g/d of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis V9 (PFM) for 4 wk. Clinical symptoms, cytokines, metagenomics, and metabolomics were evaluated in constipated participants before and after PFM intervention. After PFM intervention, we observed significant improvement of constipation symptoms. In the serum samples, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased and the proinflammatory cytokine C-reactive protein and lipopolysaccharides decreased. Metagenomics results showed that the increase of B. animalis was correlated with an increase in defecation frequency. Fatty acid biosynthesis and bile acid biosynthesis in stool samples as well as carnitine shuttle, vitamin E metabolism, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were identified as significantly altered metabolic pathways. Acylcarnitine, located on the carnitine shuttle pathway, had a significantly positive correlation with defecation frequency. It was speculated that PFM may contribute to alleviating constipation symptoms through 3 potential mechanisms: fine-tuning gastrointestinal microbiota, fighting inflammation, and regulating metabolic pathways.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/fisiologia , Constipação Intestinal/terapia , Produtos Fermentados do Leite/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Inflamação/terapia , Lacticaseibacillus casei/fisiologia , Adulto , Animais , Reatores Biológicos , Citocinas/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/fisiologia , Metabolômica , Metagenômica , Probióticos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Probiotics effectively regulated lipid metabolism and improved hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the functions of lipid-lowering strains in vivo and elucidate the mechanism. The hyperlipidemia model was constructed using a high fat diet, and four lipid-lowering strains were selected for intervention. In the four strains, the strains Lactobacillus vaginalis FN3 (FN3) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis F1-7 (F1-7) reduced TG, TC and LDL and increased HDL. These two strains decreased TC and TC in the liver of high fat diet fed mice, and they increased total bile acids (TBA) in feces. F1-7 and FN3 reduced the mRNA levels of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor 15 (FGF 15) and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1), and up-regulated the Liver X Receptor (LXR) mRNA level. They decreased the protein expressions of FXR and NPC1L1. In addition, F1-7 up-regulated the protein expression of cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1). In summary, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis F1-7 and Lactobacillus vaginalis FN3 could regulate bile acid metabolism by downregulating the FXR gene and reduce the absorption of exogenous cholesterol by regulating NPC1L1. F1-7 could also participate in the FXR/FGF15 pathway to improve hyperlipidemia, which showed better effects than FN3.