RESUMO
Tea is a recommended way of administration of prescribed cannabis plant products in Denmark. We aimed to investigate the cannabinoid and terpene doses contained in different teas. We analysed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and terpene concentrations in three repeated preparations of each type of tea, and in plant material. In standard tea, concentrations of THC were [median (min-max)] 9.5 (2.3-15), 19 (13-34), and 36 (26-57) µg/mL for products with a labelled content of 6.3%, 14%, and 22% total THC (THC + THCA), respectively. The CBD concentration in tea from a product labelled with 8% total CBD (CBD + CBDA) was 7.5 (1.9-10) µg/mL. Based on this, the recommended starting amount of 0.2 L of the different teas would contain between 0.46 and 11.3 mg THC, and 0.38 to 2.0 mg CBD. Adding creamer before, but not after boiling, increased the THC and CBD concentration 2.3-4.4 and 2.1-fold, respectively. Terpenes were detected in plant material, but not in tea. The study elucidates THC and CBD doses in different teas, which may assist the clinician's choice of cannabis product. Moreover, it underscores the need for caution as administration as tea can result in exposure to different doses, even when the same cannabis product is used.
Assuntos
Canabinoides , Maconha Medicinal , Terpenos , Maconha Medicinal/administração & dosagem , Maconha Medicinal/química , Canabinoides/análise , Canabinoides/administração & dosagem , Canabinoides/química , Terpenos/análise , Terpenos/administração & dosagem , Dronabinol/análise , Dronabinol/administração & dosagem , Canabidiol/análise , Canabidiol/administração & dosagem , Dinamarca , Cannabis/química , Chás Medicinais/análiseRESUMO
Medicinal plants show important therapeutic value in chronic disease treatment. However, due to their diverse ingredients and complex biological effects, the molecular mechanisms of medicinal plants are yet to be explored. By means of several high-throughput platforms, here we show hawk tea extract (HTE) inhibits Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1)-mediated free cholesterol uptake, thereby inducing the transcription of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) downstream of the sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) pathway. Meanwhile, HTE suppresses hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-mediated transcription of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and apolipoprotein B (APOB), thereby decreasing the production of very-low-density lipoprotein. The catechin EGCG ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate) and the flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin are identified as the bioactive components responsible for the effects on the NPC1L1-SREBP2-LDLR axis and HNF4α-MTP/APOB axis, respectively. Overall, hawk tea works as a previously unrecognized cholesterol-lowering agent in a multi-target and multi-component manner.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Colesterol/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas VLDL/biossíntese , Litsea , Chás Medicinais , Animais , Anticolesterolemiantes/química , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cafeína/análise , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Células Alimentadoras , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Quempferóis/farmacologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Litsea/química , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Quercetina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de LDL/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 2/metabolismo , Chás Medicinais/análiseRESUMO
Yerba mate tea contains various biochemically active substances. However, it can contain toxic metals. Thus, this work reports the total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Al in the commercial products, as well as the concentrations in infusions prepared. The bioaccessibility of these metals in these infusions was determined for the first time by in vitro digestion. For Al, its bioaccessibility was estimated in the presence of other ingredients used in tea consumption. In addition, the concentrations of phenolic compounds in infusions were also determined. All metals studied were detected in the samples ranging from 76â¯ngâ¯g-1 (Cd) to 526⯵gâ¯g-1 (Al). In general, Cd and Cu were the most bioaccessible metals, while Al was found in a relatively inert form. The addition of sugar and honey in infusions decreased the Al bioaccessibility. The relationship between the phenolic and the leaching of Al for the beverages was observed.
Assuntos
Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Metais/análise , Chás Medicinais/análise , Alumínio/análise , Brasil , Cádmio/análise , Cobre/análise , Digestão , Análise de Alimentos , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Chumbo/análiseRESUMO
Kawakawa (Piper excelsum) has food, medicinal and cultural importance to the indigenous Maori people of New Zealand, and is being incorporated into a range of commercial food and therapeutic products, including tea. In this study, the chemical compositions of kawakawa fresh leaves, dried leaves for tea, and hot brewed tea, were analysed and compared. The key metabolites were diayangambin, elemicin, myristicin, unidentified lignans and amides. The safety of brewed tea and tea leaves were evaluated in 8 week old Sprague Dawley rats in a 14â¯day acute study followed by a 28â¯day subacute study. In the 14â¯day study, the rats received the equivalent of 1, 2, 3 or 4 cups of kawakawa tea, and the rats in the 28â¯day study received daily doses that were equivalent to 4 cups per day. There were no adverse effects observed in the rats, and body weights and food intakes were not significantly different between the control and the kawakawa treated animals. There were small differences in organ weights, biochemical and haematology parameters observed in the rats given the kawakawa tea. In conclusion, the consumption of kawakawa tea could be considered safe within the conditions used in this study.
Assuntos
Piper , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Folhas de Planta/química , Chás Medicinais/toxicidade , Animais , Feminino , Medicina Tradicional , Nova Zelândia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/toxicidade , Piper/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Chás Medicinais/análise , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Testes de Toxicidade SubagudaRESUMO
Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP), a medicinal and edible plant, is traditionally used for liver protection and treatment of liver diseases. In this study, we compared the differences of composition and activity of flowers, stems and leaves of PCP to select a bioactive part. The stems of PCP with stronger antioxidant activity (6.25-100 µg/mL) and lower cytotoxicity (25-200 µg/mL) than the flowers and leaves were a better bioactive part. Then the chemical composition and hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous extract and an 70% ethanolic extract made with stems of PCP were investigated. We found that the 70% ethanolic extract enriched more polyphenols and flavonoids and possessed significantly stronger hepatoprotective activity than the aqueous extract in the dose range of 25-200 µg/mL, which indicated that 70% ethanol is the better solvent of PCP in extraction technology. Moreover, ethyl acetate extract of stems of PCP (PSE) was used to evaluate the hepatoprotective ability of PCP against oxidative damage using an in vitro model of a normal rat's liver cell (BRL-3A). Besides, 12 phenolic compounds were identified from PSE by ultra-performance liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). Obtained results strongly support the traditional use of PCP and prove stems of PCP to be an important source of bioactive compounds associated with hepatoprotective activity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Saxifragales/química , Chás Medicinais/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografia Líquida , Etanol , Humanos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo , Fenóis/análise , Caules de Planta/química , Plantas Medicinais , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , ÁguaRESUMO
Alchemilla, commonly called "lady's mantle", is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants belonging to the family Rosaceae. The species Alchemilla velebitica is found only in Southern Europe, like in the Croatian National Park Northern Velebit. Its benefits, such as a astringent and emmenagogue activity as well as wound healing are correlated to the organic compounds found in the plant, but also certain trace elements are known to reduce skin lesions, such as zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, silicon and lithium. Thus the objective of the present study was the elemental characterization of leaves, blossoms and roots of A. velebitica. After acidic microwave assisted digestion the concentrations of selected essential and trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma--atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma--mass spectrometry. Other minor elements, such as Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr and Zn are also found in leaves, blossoms and roots with contents in µg/kg range. The preparation of decoctions and the extraction yields of the elements of interest are calculated.